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"Aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu aktivator stimulus simpatis yang berpengaruh pada komposisi saliva, termasuk Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein SMBSP. Interaksi antara SMBSP dengan bakteri rongga mulut dapat memfasilitasi atau menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm S. salivarius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek pemberian SMBSP dari subjek pelari dan non-pelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm S. salivarius. Metode pengelompokkan subjek pelari dan non-pelari dikelompokkan menggunakan metode subjektif melalui riwayat lari dan metode objektif melalui uji kapasitas kebugaran VO2max. SMBSP didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri S. salivarius ATCC 9222T dilakukan dengan pewarnaan crystal violet selama waktu inkubasi 3 jam dan 24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA dan Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan biofilm S. salivarius dengan pemberian SMBSP pelari meningkat namun tidak signifikan p>0.05 pada waktu 3 jam dan 24 jam, sedangkan dengan pemberian SMBSP non-pelari meningkat signifikan pada waktu 3 jam p le;0.05 dan meningkat tidak signifikan p>0.05 pada waktu 24 jam. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah SMBSP dari subjek pelari tidak memiliki efek menghambat terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm S. salivarius, sedangkan dari subjek nonpelari efektif memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm S. salivarius pada waktu inkubasi 3 jam.

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Physical exercise is a strong activator of the sympathetic nervous system which may affect saliva composition, including Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein SMBSP. SMBSP interaction with oral bacteria may facilitate or inhibit the growth of S. salivarius biofilm. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of SMBSP from runners and non runners towards S. salivarius biofilm growth. The methods used for runner and non runners grouping were a running history subjective method and VO2max fitness capacity test objective method. SMBSP was obtained by the interaction of both groups salivary protein with S. mutans. Biofilm growth assay of S. salivarius ATCC 9222T was conducted using crystal violet staining in 3 and 24 hours incubation time. The data were analyzed using One way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. There was an increased growth of S. salivarius biofilm added by the runners rsquo SMBSP although not significant p 0.05 both in 3 and 24 hours incubation time. Meanwhile, when added by non runners rsquo SMBSP, the S. salivarius biofilm growth increased significantly p le 0.05 at 3 hours incubation time. This results suggested that the SMBSP from runners does not inhibit S. salivarius biofilm growth, while that from the non runners facilitates S. salivarius biofilm growth at 3 hours incubation time."

"Latar belakang: Aktivitas fisik, salah satunya adalah berolahraga, dapat menunjang sistem kekebalan tubuh. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein SMBSP yang diseleksi dari saliva subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus salivarius. Metode: Uji hambat sel dan protein pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 9222T yang sebelumnya sudah terdapat Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein, diinkubasi selama 3 jam dan 24 jam dan dilihat berdasarkan nilai optical density setelah dilakukan uji pewarnaan Crystal Violet. Hasil: Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein dari pelari dan nonpelari pada fase adhesi dan fase maturasi tidak mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus salivarius. Peningkatan konsentrasi SMBSP pelari dan nonpelari menurunkan pembentukan biofilm S. salivarius. Nilai optical density OD biofilm uji SMBSP pelari dan nonpelari waktu inkubasi 24 jam lebih tinggi dibandingkan waktu inkubasi 3 jam. Kesimpulan: Adanya Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein dari pelari dan nonpelari tidak berpengaruh dalam pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus salivarius. Konsentrasi Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein dari saliva subjek pelari dan nonpelari yang meningkat memiliki dampak menurunkan pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus salivarius. Adanya peningkatan waktu berpengaruh dalam menurunkan pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus salivarius.

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Introduction: Exercise, as an example of physical activities, can support the human immune system.

Purpose: Analyzing the effect of Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein selected from runners and non runners in Streptococcus salivarius biofilm formation.

Method: Inhibitory test was used by adding the Streptococcus salivarius into Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein, incubated in 3 and 24 hours, and checked using optical density score of Crystal Violet staining.

Result: The Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein SMBSP taken from runners and non runners effected to the biofilm formation of Streptococcus salivarius. The increased concentration of Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein taken from runners and non runners effected on decreasing optical density score of biofilm formation of S. salivarius. The increased duration of incubation effected on decreasing optical density score of biofilm formation of S. salivarius.

Conclusion: Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein selected from subject runners and non runners did not give any effect in biofilm formation of Streptococcus salivarius. However, the increased concentration of the protein inhibited the biofilm formation of S. salivarius. The increased duration of incubation effected on decreasing optical density score of biofilm formation of S. salivarius."

"Olahraga merupakan aktivator stimulus simpatis yang dapat mempengaruhi sekresi saliva sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan viskositas dan konsentrasi protein saliva, salah satunya Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh S. mutans-binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus gordonii. Metode: Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari ditetapkan berdasarkan metode subjektif melalui riwayat lari dan metode objektif melalui pengukuran VO2max. S. mutans-binding salivary protein didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri S. gordonii ATCC 10558T dilakukan dengan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA. Hasil: Pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii pada S. mutans-binding salivary protein pelari meningkat tetapi tidak signifikan p>0.05 baik pada waktu 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii pada S. mutans-binding salivary protein nonpelari tidak signifikan p>0.05 pada waktu 3 jam kemudian meningkat signifikan p 0.05 pada waktu 24 jam. Kesimpulan: S. mutans-binding salivary protein dari subjek pelari tidak memiliki pengaruh dalam menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii, sedangkan protein saliva dari subjek nonpelari efektif memfasilitasi pada fase maturasi.

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Physical exercise is a strong activator of sympathetic stimuli which may affect salivary secretion by increasing viscosity and concentration of salivary protein, including Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein. Salivary protein may act as antimicrobial agent or may facilitate the growth of biofilm.

Objective: to analyze the impact of S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners and from non runners to biofilm growth of S. gordonii.

Methods: Runners and non runners were selected based on running history and VO2max test. S. mutans binding salivary protein was obtained through the interaction of runners and non runners salivary protein with S. mutans. Biofilm growth assay of S. gordonii ATCC 10558T was conducted using crystal violet staining. The data obtained was statistically tested using One way ANOVA test.

Results: Biofilm growth of S. gordonii in runners group is insignificantly increased p 0.05 either in three hour or twenty four hour incubation. Meanwhile, biofilm growth of S. gordonii in non runners group is significantly increased after twenty four hour incubation p 0.05 .

Conclusion: S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners has no inhibition effect on biofilm growth of S. gordonii, while that from non runners facilitates biofilm growth of S. gordonii at maturation phase. "

"Latar belakang: Saliva manusia terdiri atas berbagai komponen protein yang dapat bersifat mendukung dan menghambat keberadaan flora oral. Latihan fisik berperan sebagai aktivator sistem saraf simpatetik, yang mempengaruhi sekresi saliva yang kaya akan protein, salah satunya Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein. Adanya interaksi antara protein saliva dengan bakteri oral akan mempengaruhi pembentukan dan pemeliharaan biofilm oral, yang merupakan faktor virulensi utama pada rongga mulut. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek S. mutans-binding salivary protein dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pembentukan biofilm S. gordonii pada fase perlekatan dan fase maturasi secara in vitro. Metode: Prosedur binding protein saliva total dengan S. mutans ATCC 25175 menggunakan binding buffer, elusi protein binding menggunakan elute buffer, dan uji pembentukan biofilm S. gordonii ATCC 10558T dengan prosedur pewarnaan crystal violet pada inkubasi 3 jam dan 24 jam. Hasil: S. mutans-binding salivary protein dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dibanding kontrol baik pada fase perlekatan maupun fase maturasi p>0,05. Peningkatan konsentrasi protein pelari pada fase perlekatan diikuti dengan penurunan massa biofilm uji yang terbentuk r=-0,919, sedangkan pada kelompok nonpelari peningkatan konsentrasi protein pada fase maturasi diikuti dengan peningkatan massa biofilm yang terbentuk r=0,87. Kesimpulan: S. mutans-binding salivary protein dari kelompok pelari memiliki efek menghambat pembentukan biofilm S. gordonii pada fase perlekatan dan dalam konsentrasi tinggi, sedangkan pada kelompok nonpelari peningkatan konsentrasi protein efektif dalam memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm uji pada fase maturasi.

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Background: Human salivary consists of various protein components that can be supportive or inhibit the presence of oral micloflora. Physical exercise acts as a strong activator for symphatetic nervous system, which increased protein rich salivary secretion, one of them is S. mutans binding salivary protein. The interaction between salivary proteins with oral bacteria will affect the formation and maintainance of oral biofilms, which is the major virulence factor in the oral cavity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of S. mutans binding salivary protein isolated from runners and non runners to biofilm formation of S. gordonii in the adhesion and maturation phase.

Methods: Total salivary protein was bind with S. mutans ATCC 25175 using binding buffer, elution of binding proteins using elute buffer, and biofilm formation assay of S. gordonii ATCC 10558T using crystal violet staining procedure at 3 hours and 24 hours incubation.

Result: There was no significant difference between S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners and non runners against control in adhesion and maturatuion phase p 0.05. The increase of protein concentration in runners group followed by the decrease of biofilm formation in adhesion phase r 0.919, whereas the increase of salivary protein concentration in non runners group was followed by increasing of biofilm formation in maturation phase r 0.87.

Conclusion: S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners group have an effect in inhibiting S. gordonii biofilm formation at adherence phase and in high concentrations, whereas in non runners group increased protein concentrations were effective in facilitating S. gordonii biofilm formation at maturation phase."

"Latar Belakang : Aktivitas fisik pada saat melakukan olahraga lari menstimulasi saraf simpatik yang dapat mempengaruhi sekresi dan komposisi saliva, termasuk salah satunya Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein Protein saliva berperan dalam menghambat atau memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein terhadap pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis. Metode : Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari ditetapkan berdasarkan pengukuran VO2max dan riwayat lari rutin. Profil protein Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein ATCC 25175 pada pelari dan nonpelari diidentifikasi dengan uji SDS PAGE. Uji pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 dilakukan dengan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil : Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, baik pada waktu inkubasi 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Kesimpulan : Streptococcus mutans-Binding Salivary Protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari memfasilitasi pembentukan biofilm P.gingivalis terhadap pembentukan biofilm P. gingivalis ATCC 33277.

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Background : Physical activity during exercise induced sympathetic stimuli which may affect the secretion and composition of saliva, including anti S.mutans salivary protein. Salivary protein may act as inhibitor or facilitator on biofilm formation.

Objective : To analyze the effect of Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein towards the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm.

Method : The runners and non runners subjects were selected using VO2max measurement and running routine history. Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein profile from the runners and non runners group were identified using SDS PAGE method. Biofilm assay with crystal violet was used to test the formation of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Data was done using correlation test.

Result : Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein facilitate P. gingivalis biofilm formation on 3 and 24 hours incubation time.

Conclusion : Streptococcus mutans Binding Salivary Protein from runners and non runners facilitate P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 biofilm formation."

"Latar Belakang: Aktifitas fisik seperti berlari dapat mempengaruhi sekresi dan komposisi saliva, termasuk protein saliva di dalam rongga mulut, salah satunya protein SMBP. Protein saliva diketahui dapat memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh protein Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis. Metode: Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari didasarkan riwayat lari dan pengukuran VO2max. Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein diidentifikasi menggunakan SDS-PAGE. Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji biofilm pertumbuhan bakteri P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 menggunakan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian dilakukan uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil: Protein SMBP memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis pada inkubasi 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Kesimpulan: Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari memfasilitasi perumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis.

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Background: Physical activity such as running can affect salivary secretion and composition, including salivary proteins in the oral cavity, such as salivary protein SMBP. Salivary proteins are known to inhibit or facilitate the growth of bacterial biofilms. Salivary protein can facilitate or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Objective: To determine the effect of Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein towards the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm.

Methods: This experimental study used purposive sampling and VO2max test to determine runners and non runners. Protein profile samples were identified using SDS PAGE. S. mutans salivary protein was obtained from binding of salivary protein and S. mutans. Biofilm assay P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 growth towards Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein salivary protein was conducted using the dye crystal violet assay. The data was statistically analyzed using correlation test.

Results: Salivary protein of Streptococcus facilitate the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on incubation time 3 and 24 hours.

Conclusion: Salivary protein of Streptococcus mutans collected from runners and non runners facilitate the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. "

"ABSTRAKSaliva merupakan zat eksokrin yang mengandung berbagai komponen, salah satunya adalah protein. Total protein dalam saliva dapat meningkat karena peningkatan aktifitas fisik, salah satu contohnya adalah aktifitas berlari. Di dalam rongga mulut, Streptococcus mutans merupakan mikroorganisme kariogenik yang memiliki peran penting dalam proses terjadinya karies. Tujuan: menganalisis perbedaan profil protein saliva yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari sebelum dan setelah protein tersebut diinteraksikan dengan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Metode: sampel saliva unstimulated diambil dari 3 subjek pelari dan 3 subjek nonpelari. Identifikasi berat molekul protein saliva ditetapkan dengan menggunakan teknik SDS-PAGE dan pewarnaan commasie blue, sedangkan identifikasi interaksi protein saliva dengan Streptococcus mutans ditetapkan dengan menggunakan teknik SDS-PAGE, pewarnaan commasie blue dan Qubit Protein assay. Hasil: pada subjek pelari teridentifikasi protein dengan berat molekul sebesar 140 kDa, 100 kDa, 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, dan 15 kDa sedangkan pada subjek nonpelari teridentifikasi protein dengan berat molekul 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, dan 10 kDa. Interaksi protein saliva pelari dengan metode pewarnaan comassie blue tidak memvisualisasikan pita pada agar poliakrilamid sedangkan protein saliva subjek nonpelari terlihat pita sebesar 70 kDa. Interaksi protein saliva pelari dengan Streptococcus mutans dengan menggunakan Qubit Protein assay menunjukan konsentrasi sebesar 74,2 g/mL dan sebesar 93,2 g/mL pada saliva nonpelari. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan profil dan berat molekul protein saliva pada subjek pelari dan nonpelari dan interaksi protein dengan Streptococcus mutans hanya tervisualisasikan pada protein saliva yang berasal dari subjek nonpelari.

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ABSTRAKBackground Saliva is an exocrine substance containing various components, one of which is protein. The amount of total proteins in saliva may increase due to physical activity, namely running. In the oral cavity, Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic microorganism that is vital in the forming process of caries. Objective Analyze the difference in salivary proteins profiles on subjects who are runners compared to non runners before and after the proteins are interacted with Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Method Samples of unstimulated saliva were taken from 3 subjects who were runners and 3 subjects who were non runners. Identification of total molecular weight in salivary proteins was done using comassie brilliant blue color staining with the SDS PAGE technique. Identification of interaction in salivary proteins with Streptococcus mutans was also done using comassie brilliant blue color staining using SDS PAGE technique and Qubit Protein assay. Results In subjects who were runners, identification of molecular weight in the salivary protein results were 140 kDa, 100 kDa, 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, and 15 kDa while in non runners the identification of molecular weight in the salivary protein results were 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, and 10 kDa. Interaction of salivary proteins in runners using comassie blue coloring did not result in visualization of band on polyacrilamide agar while in non runners a band of 70 kDa was observed on polyacrilamide agar. Interaction of salivary proteins with Streptococcus mutans using Qubit Protein assay showed a concentration of 74.2 g mL in runners and 93.2 g mL in non runners. Conclusion There is a difference of proteins profile and molecular weight in subjects who were runners and non runners and proteins interaction with Streptococcus mutans is only visualized in the salivary proteins derived from non runners subject."

"Latar Belakang: Hubungan sinergistik antara bakteri etiologi karies Streptococcus mutans dan jamur patogen Candida albicans merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam memperparah penyakit karies. Selain itu, bakteri komensal Streptococcus salivarius telah dilaporkan dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans ketika dikultur bersama-sama. Streptococcus salivarius telah diobservasi mampu menganggu sistem quorum sensing dari Streptococcus mutans dan mencegah perubahan morfologi Candida albicans dari ragi menjadi hifa. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh keberadaan whole protein Streptococcus salivarius terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans dalam berbagai konsentrasi dan waktu. Metode: Dilakukan uji pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 yang dipaparkan whole protein hasil metabolit Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 9222 dalam konsentrasi yang bervariasi (1%, 10%, 100%). Kemudian biofilm diinkubasi dengan durasi 3 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam untuk melihat efek keberadaan protein terhadap fase pembentukkan biofilm. Uji massa biofilm dilakukan dengan menggunakan crystal violet assay. Pengamatan dengan mikroskop cahaya dilakukan untuk mengobservasi morfologi biofilm. Perbandingan jumlah sel viabel Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans diuji dengan metode total plate count.Kesimpulan: Terdapat indikasi jika whole protein hasil metabolit Streptococcus salivarius menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans bergantung pada konsentrasi protein dan waktu inkubasi biofilm.

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Background: Commensal bacteria Streptococcus salivarius has been reported to influence Streptococcus mutans or Candida albicans when cultured together.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the presence of Streptococcus salivarius whole protein on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms in various concentrations and at various times representing the stage of biofilm formation.

Method: Biofilm formation assay was conducted for biofilm consisting of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The exposure to whole protein from the metabolite of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 9222 was done by infusing the spent medium in varying protein concentrations. Then the biofilm was incubated with varying duration to see the effect of the protein on different phase of biofilm formation. Biofilm mass measurement was carried out using crystal violet assay. Microscope observations were done to observe the morphology of the biofilm. Comparison of the number of viable cells between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was done with total plate count method.

Conclusion: There is an indication that the whole protein metabolite of Streptococcus salivarius inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual species biofilms depending on protein concentration and biofilm phase."

"Pendahuluan: protein saliva merupakan komposisi yang terkandung dalam salivadan berperan penting bagi keseimbangan ekosistem rongga mulut manusia. Total konsentrasiprotein saliva pada setiap individu bervariasi tergantung pada usia individu tersebut. Banyakdari protein saliva berfungsi untuk memproteksi rongga mulut dengan aktivitas antimikrobayang dimilikinya. Di sisi lain, saliva juga dapat mendukung pertumbuhan mikroorganismerongga mulut dengan membentuk pelikel. Streptococcus mutans bersama dengan pelikelsaliva berpartisipasi dalam adhesi bakteri di permukaan gigi. Selanjutnya mereka akanberkoordinasi sehingga membentuk dental plaque. Tujuan: menganalisis perbedaan massabakteri dan viabilitas Streptococcus mutans setelah pajanan protein saliva subjek anak dansubjek dewasa. Metode: sampel saliva subjek anak dan subjek dewasa dilakukan ujiBradford untuk mengetahui total protein saliva. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan massabiofilm dengan uji crystal violet staining dan viabilitas bakteri dengan TPC. Setelah itudilakukan uji One-way Anova Hasil: Nilai signifikansi uji statistic menunjukan > 0,05sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna massa bakteri maupun viabilitas bakteriStreptococcus mutans setelah pajanan protein saliva yang berasal dari subjek anak dan subjekdewasa secara statistik. Total konsentrasi protein saliva anak dan dewasa condong berbeda.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan dampak pemajanan protein saliva asal subjek anakdan subjek dewasa terhadap pembentukan biofilm bakteri Streptococcus mutans ditinjau darimassa biofilm dan viabilitas bakteri.

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Background: Salivary protein is the composition contained in saliva and plays an

important role in the balance of the human oral cavity ecosystem. The total salivary protein

concentration in each individual varies depending on the age of the individual. Many of

salivary proteins function to protect the oral cavity with their antimicrobial activity.

Therefore, saliva can also support the growth of oral microorganisms by forming pellicles

and as a source of nutrtion to bacteria. Streptococcus mutans together with the salivary

pellicle participate in the adhesion of bacteria on the tooth surface. Furthermore, they will

coordinate to form dental plaque. Objective: to analyze the differences in bacterial mass and

viability of Streptococcus mutans after the exposure of the salivary proteins from children

and adult subjects. Methods: Bradford test was used to determine the total of salivary protein

in saliva samples from children and adult subjects. The biofilm mass was calculated by using

crystal violet staining and bacterial viability by TPC. The distribution was analyzed using the

One-way Anova test Results: The p value of the statistical test shows > 0,05 so that there

were no significant difference in bacterial mass and viability of Streptococcus mutans after

exposure of salivary protein from children’s or adult’s saliva statisticaly. However, the total

salivary protein concentrations of children and adults tend to be different. Conclusion: There

was no differenece in the impact of salivary protein exposure from children’s and adult’s

saliva on the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in terms of biofilm mass and

bacterial viability."

"Protein saliva merupakan pertahanan rongga mulut primer.Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan konsentrasi total protein saliva, efek protein saliva spesifik dan nonspesifik C. albicans dalam pembentukan biofilm S. sobrinus in vitro.Metode: Uji Bradford dan uji crystal violet.Hasil: Perbedaan konsentrasi total protein saliva tidak bermakna (p>0.05). Peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. sobrinus pada protein spesifik C. albicans pada ketiga kelompok saat 6 jam (p≤0.05). Peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. sobrinus pada protein saliva non-spesifik C. albicans pada ketiga kelompok saat 18 jam (p≤0.05).Simpulan: Konsentrasi total protein saliva tidak berbeda. Protein spesifik C. albicans meningkatkan adhesi bakteri S. sobrinus. Protein saliva non-spesifik C. albicans meningkatkan pertumbuhan bakteri S. sobrinus.

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Salivary protein is oral cavity's first-line defense.Objectives: Analyzing the total salivary protein concentration?s difference, specific and non-specific salivary protein to Candida albicans? effects on Streptococccus sobrinus biofilm formation in vitro.Methods: Bradford protein assay and crystal violet assay.Results: No significant difference in total salivary protein (p>0.05). In all groups, S. sobrinus biofilm formation on specific salivary protein to C. albicans increases, when incubated for 6 hours (p≤0.05), and on non-specific salivary protein to C. albicans increases when incubated for 18 hours (p≤0.05).Conclusion: No difference in total salivary protein concentrations. Specific protein to C. albicans enhances S. sobrinus adhesion. Non-specific protein to C. albicans enhances S. sobrinus growth."