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"Anomali gigi merupakan gangguan tumbuh kembang yang umum dialami oleh penyandang sindroma Down, terdiri dari anomali jumlah, ukuran, bentuk dan struktur. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi anomali gigi pada penyandang sindroma Down di Jakarta. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional pada 174 penyandang sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: Anomali jumlah hipodonsia 80.90 , supernumerari 6.74 dan kombinasi hipodonsia dan supernumerari 12.36 . Anomali ukuran mikrodonsia 98.81 dan makrodonsia 1.19 . Anomali bentuk fusi 66.675 dan talon cusp 33.33 . Anomali struktur hipoplasia enamel 70.83 , hipokalsifikasi enamel 12.50 , kombinasi hipoplasia dan hipokalsifikasi enamel 4.17 dan diskolorasi gigi 12.50. Kesimpulan: Penyandang sindroma Down di SLB C Jakarta menampilkan prevalensi anomali gigi yang cukup tinggi dengan hipodonsia dan mikrodonsia sebagai anomali paling sering terjadi serta menunjukkan kecenderungan pada laki-laki.

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Dental anomaly is a common developmental disorder experienced by people with Down syndrome consisting of number, size, shape and structure anomalies.

Aim: This research aims to describe the frequency distribution of number, size, shape and dental anomalies structure in people with Down syndrome aged 14 years and above in Jakarta.

Method: The method of this research is descriptive with cross sectional design done on 174 people with Down syndrome aged 14 years and above chosen with purposive sampling technique.

Result: Anomalies of number hypodontia 80.90, supernumerary 12.36 and combination of hypodontia and supernumerary 12.36. Anomalies of size microdontia 98.81 and macrodontia 1.19. Anomalies of shape fusion 66.67 and talon's cusp 33.33 Anomalies of structure enamel hypoplasia 70.83 , enamel hypocalcification 4.17, combination of enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification 12.50 and tooth discoloration 12.50.

Conclusion: People with Down syndrome in SLB C Jakarta showed a high prevalence of dental anomalies with hypodontia and microdontia as the most common anomalies that have a tendency in boys."

"Latar Belakang: Sindroma Down merupakan kelainan genetik yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya trisomi pada kromosom 21.  Penyandang sindroma Down memiliki karakteristik fisik dan kondisi sistemik tertentu. Hal ini berhubungan dengan kondisi rongga mulutnya, terutama jaringan periodontal (gingiva) serta kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi gingivitis dan OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) pada penyandang sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas di SLB tipe C di Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif potong lintang. Subjek penelitian adalah 174 penyandang sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas yang bersekolah di SLB tipe C di Jakarta. Gingivitis diukur menggunakan Indeks Gingiva oleh Loe dan Sillness, sementara kebersihan gigi dan mulut diukur menggunakan OHIS oleh Greene dan Vermillon. Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi gingivitis sebagai berikut; 3,45% bebas gingivitis, 47,13% gingivitis ringan, 40,80% gingivitis sedang, dan 8,63% gingivitis berat. Sementara, untuk distribusi frekuensi OHIS adalah sebagai berikut; 28,16% memiliki OHIS baik, 49,43% memiliki OHIS sedang, dan 22,41% memiliki OHIS buruk. Kesimpulan: Penyandang sindroma Down memiliki distribusi frekuensi gingivitis yang dominan pada gingivitis ringan dan sedang, sementara mayoritas memiliki OHIS sedang.

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Background: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy in chromosome 21. Individuals with Down syndrome have specific physical characteristics and systemic conditions. This may relate to their oral condition, such as periodontal tissues (gingiva) as well as their oral hygiene. Objective: The aim of this study is to know the frequency distribution of gingivitis and OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) in 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14 and above in SLB type C in Jakarta. Method: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive method. Research subjects were 174 individuals with Down syndrome aged 14 and above who went to school in SLB type C in Jakarta. Gingivitis was measured using Gingival Index by Loe and Sillness, while oral hygiene was measured using OHIS by Greene and Vermillon. Result: The result of this study showed a frequency distribution of gingivitis as follows; 3.45% were free of gingivitis, 47.13% had mild gingivitis, 40.80% had moderate gingivitis, and 8.63% had severe gingivitis. Frequency distribution of OHIS were as follows; 28.16% had good OHIS, 49.43% had fair OHIS, and 22.41% had poor OHIS. Conclusion: Individuals with Down syndrome had frequency distribution of gingivitis mainly in mild and moderate category, while the majority the subjects had fair OHIS."

"Sindroma Down adalah kelainan genetik yang disebabkan oleh trisomi kromosom 21. Anak dengan sindroma Down memiliki kondisi rongga mulut yang beragam dan memiliki masalah kesehatan oral seperti karies dan penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian karies pada anak dengan sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas di SLB C Jakarta. Subjek penelitian berasal dari 43 SLB C di Jakarta. Total subjek adalah 174 anak dengan sindroma Down usia 14 sampai 53 tahun. Pemeriksaan karies dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan klinis menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Hasil penelitian ditemukan indeks DMF-T 5,90 pada total subjek dengan prevalensi karies sebesar 84,48 . Kesimpulan studi ini adalah terdapat tingkat kejadian karies yang tinggi pada anak dengan sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas di SLB C Jakarta dengan indeks DMF-T sebesar 5,90."

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Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome children have variety of oral characteristics and have oral problem such as caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to know frequency distribution of caries in Down syndrome children aged 14 years and over in SLB C Jakarta. Subjects of this study are from 43 SLB C in Jakarta. Total of subjects are 174 Down syndrome children aged 14 to 53. Caries examination was done by clinically using DMF T index. The result of this study is 5,90 DMF T index in total subject population with 84,48 caries prevalence. This study conclude that Down syndrome children aged 14 years and over in SLB C Jakarta have high caries experience with DMF T index scored 5,90."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Sindroma Down SD merupa kan kelainan genetik yang disebabkan oleh trisomi kromosom nomor 21. Kelainan ini menyebabkan abnormalitas pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan orokraniofasial. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang distribusi frekuensi klasifikasi maloklusi Angle dan profil jaringan lunak wajah Subtelny pada penyandang Sindroma Down di Jakarta. Metode: Deskriptif potong lintang, partisipan penelitian adalah penyandang Sindroma Down yang bersekolah di Sekolah Luar Biasa di Jakarta. Klasifikasi maloklusi Angle ditentukan melalui pemeriksaan klinis, profil jaringan lunak wajah ditentukan melalui pengukuran sudut nasion N, subnasal Sn dan pogonion Pog pada foto profil digital. Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 40 penyandang Sindroma Down dengan rentang usia 14-41 tahun. Klasifikasi maloklusi Angle kelas I ditemukan pada 14 orang 35, maloklusi Angle kelas II ditemukan pada 3 orang 7,5 dan maloklusi Angle kelas III ditemukan pada 23 orang 57,5 . Profil jaringan lunak wajah datar ditemukan pada 13 orang 32,5, profil jaringan lunak wajah cembung ditemukan pada 3 orang 7,5 dan profil jaringan lunak wajah cekung ditemukan pada 24 orang 60. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas penyandang Sindroma Down memiliki klasifikasi maloklusi Angle kelas III dan profil jaringan lunak wajah cekung.

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ABSTRACTBackground Down Syndrome is genetically abnormality on chromosome 21. Phenotipically the abnormality was characterized by the defect on orocraniofacial growth. Aim The aim of this research was to describe frequency distribution Angles malocclusion classification and soft tissue facial profile of Subtelny on people with Down Syndrome in Jakarta. Method Descriptive study with cross sectional design, people with Down Syndrome age 14 41 years old in Sekolah Luar Biasa Special Schools in Jakarta was used as participants for this study. Angles malocclusion classification was determined by clinical examination, soft tissue profile was by measuring angle of soft tissue nasion N, subnasal Sn and pogonion Pog rsquo on digital profile picture. Results Result showed that Angles malocclusion classification class I was found in 14 people 35, Angles malocclusion class II was found in 3 people 7,5 and Angle rsquo s malocclusion class III was found in 23 people 57,5. Flat soft tissue facial profile was found in 13 people 32,5, convex soft tissue facial profile was found in 3 people 7,5 and concave soft tissue facial profile was found in 24 people 60. Conclusion Predominantly people with Down Syndrome has class III Angles malocclusion and concave soft tissue facial profile."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Trauma gigi adalah masalah kesehatan yang perlu ditanggulangi.Data epidemiologi trauma gigi di Indonesia belum ditemukan. Tujuan: Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi trauma gigi permanen anterior padaanak sekolah dasar. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desaincross sectional yang dilakukan pada 500 anak usia 8-12 tahun. Hasil: Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa trauma gigi terjadi dua kali lebih sering pada anak laki-laki usia9 tahun yang melibatkan gigi permanen insisif sentral maksila kanan dan biasanyaterjadi di lingkungan rumah akibat aktivitas fisik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dental trauma is health problems that have to be solved. Epidemiologydata of dental trauma in Indonesia has not been determined. Aim: The aim of thisreseach was to determine the distribution frequency of traumatic permanent anteriorteeth on elementary school student. Method: The method of this research wasdescriptive with cross sectional design, which has been done on 500 children aged 8-12 years old. Result: Result showed that dental trauma in children is two times morecommon in boys aged 9 years, involving the permanent maxillary right central incisorand usually caused of physical activity around the house."

"Background: Protein is one of the nutrients that teeth need during growth, maturation and, after eruption. Protein consists of plantprotein and animal protein. Plantprotein has the highest average percentage of daily protein consumption inIndonesia.Plantprotein is found in nuts, tofu, and tempeh. The content of food sources of plantprotein has many benefits that are good for oral health.At the age of 8-9 years permanent first molar teeth have erupted they can experience caries within 1-2 years after eruption because of their morphological and functional characteristics. In children, dental caries is one of the most frequent chronic infectious diseases occur and have close links with nutrition.While snacks may also contribute to oral health problems.Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of consumption of plant protein and cariogenic food with the occurrence of permanent dental first molar teeth in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study isa cross-sectional observational analytic study. The subjects of the study were 109 children aged 8-9 years who were studying State Primary School in Central Jakarta. Teeth examined for permanent first molar teeth that have been erupted. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire and caries assessment using classification (ICDAS). Result:.The results of the study showed the frequency distribution of caries as follows; 1.8% caries free, 63.3% enamel caries, and 34.9% dentin-pulp caries. Meanwhile, consumption of vegetable protein with caries depth and consumption of snack foods with depth of caries both showed very weak correlation results (r = 0.00-0.199) and there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05).Conclusion: There is a very weak correlation between consumption of vegetable protein and snack food with the depth of caries in permanent first molars in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta, and there is no statistically significant difference"

"Latar Belakang: Protein merupakan komponen utama yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jaringan tubuh. Protein terdiri dari protein hewani dan nabati. Protein hewani terdapat dalam ikan, daging, dan telur. Defisiensi protein hewani dapat menyebabkan karies akibat menurunnya sistem pertahanan tubuh, atropi kelenjar saliva, serta adanya risiko kelainan struktur email gigi. Gigi molar satu permanen merupakan gigi yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai status kesehatan gigi anak karena memiliki anatomi pit dan fissure yang dalam, dan gigi tersebut erupsi pada usia dimana anak sering mengkonsumsi makanan manis. Usia 8 – 9 tahun dipilih karena pada usia tersebut gigi molar satu permanen telah erupsi dan gigi tersebut telah terpapar selama 2- 3 tahun di dalam rongga mulut, serta pada usia tersebut membutuhkan asupan nutrisi yang baik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan tingkat konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Desain studi cross sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 orang, yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen. Kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani yaitu Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dan pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi molar satu permanen menggunakan skor International Caries Detection and Assesment System (ICDAS).Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar satu permanen anak usia 8-9 tahun adalah 1,8% bebas karies, 63,3% karies email, dan 34,9% karies dentin-pulpa. Hubungan frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies menunjukkan hubungan tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat.

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Background : Protein is the main component that have a role in body tissue’s growth and development. Protein consists of animal protein and plant protein. Animal protein can be found in fish, meat and egg. Protein deficiency can increase caries risk because of decreased immune system, salivary gland atrophy, and abnormalities of enamel structure. First permanent molar is a teeth that can be used to assess children’s oral health because it is more susceptible to caries than any other teeth. This tooth is susceptible to caries because it has deep pit & fissure anatomy and erupts at the age where children consume sweet food more often. Children aged 8 – 9 years is chosen because the first permanent is exposed long enough to oral environment and needed good nutrition for growth.

Aim: To analyze the correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries on children aged 8 – 9 years in Central Jakarta.

Method: This study design is cross sectional. Total research subject is 109 people that is chosen by purposive sampling method. The variables that are used in this research aim to analyze the correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries. Questionnaire that is used to assess the consumption frequency is Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and clinical examination to assess severity of first permanent molar caries uses International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score.

Result: This research shows first permanent molar caries frequency as follows; 1,8% free caries, 63,3% enamel caries, and 34,9% dentin-pulp caries. The correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and caries does not show any significant correlation (p>0,05).

Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries in children aged 8 – 9 tahun in Central Jakarta."

"Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan.

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Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled."