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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipotiroid kongenital merupakan salah satu penyebab paling umum terjadinya retardasi mental. Padahal, terjadinya komplikasi hipotiroid kongenital dapat dicegah sejak dini. Oleh karena itu, skrining hipotiroid kongenital dengan mengukur kadar TSH menjadi penting terutama pada bayi yang berisiko lebih tinggi terkena hipotiroid kongenital. Usia prematur diduga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko hipotiroid kongenital karena terkait imaturitas organ.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui persentase bayi prematur, nilai rujukan TSH neonatus di Indonesia, dan hubungan antara kadar TSH neonatus dan status prematuritas.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang dengan subjek berasal dari data skrining hipotiroid kongenital RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo yang sampel darahnya dianalisis dengan cara Fluorometri dengan reagen Labsystem. Data berasal dari bulan Mei dan Juni 2017 yang diperoleh melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Dari 2987 subjek, terdapat 1700 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok bayi prematur n=111 dan bayi lahir cukup bulan n=1589 . Sampel kemudian dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 20.0 untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar TSH dan status prematuritas dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji korelasi, serta MedCalc versi 17.9 untuk mencari nilai rujukan TSH neonatus di Indonesia.Hasil: Persentase bayi prematur yang didapatkan yaitu sebesar 6,5 . Nilai rujukan TSH neonatus berdasarkan kelahiran prematur didapatkan nilai 1,0-8,9 mU/L dengan median 2,5 1,0-12,8 mU/L dan berdasarkan kelahiran cukup bulan sebesar 1,5-8,0 mU/L dengan median 3,2 1,0-19,8 mU/L. Analisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney, didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kadar TSH neonatus dan status prematuritas p.

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ABSTRACTBackground Congenital hypothyroid is one of the most common causes of mental retardation. Actually, this complication can be prevented since earlier. Therefore, congenital hypothyroid screening by measuring TSH level is important to every infants, especially in higher risk of developing congenital hypothyroid. Prematurity is hypothesised as one of risk factor for congenital hypothyroid related to organ immaturity.Objective The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of preterm birth, neonatal TSH reference values in Indonesia, and association between neonatal TSH level with prematurity status.Methods This cross sectional study used subjects which was obtained from congenital hypothyroid screening data in General National Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from May to June 2017 by consecutive sampling. The screening of congenital hypothyroid used Fluorometry with Labsystem reagen to analyse blood samples. From 2987 subjects, 1700 subjects fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into two groups preterm infants n 111 and term infants n 1589 . Then, samples were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 to investigate association between neonatal TSH level with prematurity status by Mann Whitney test and correlation test, also MedCalc version 17.9 to calculate neonatal TSH reference values.Results The percentage of preterm infants was 6.5 . Neonatal TSH reference values based on preterm birth infants were 1.0 8.9 mU L with median 2.5 1.0 12.8 mU L and based on term infants were 1.5 8.0 mU L with median 3.2 1.0 19.8 mU L. There was also a significant association between neonatal TSH level and prematurity status Mann Whitney test, p"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Program Skrining Hipotiroid Kongenital Nasional di Indonesia menunjukkan angka insidensi hipotiroid kongenital cukup tinggi. Salah satu faktor risiko yang bertanggung jawab adalah bayi berat lahir rendah. Pada bayi berat lahir rendah, maturitas organ relatif belum matur, sehingga mengganggu fungsi organ termasuk kelenjar tiroid dan hipofisis.Tujuan: Penelitian cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase bayi berat lahir rendah di Indonesia, nilai rujukan TSH neonatus berdasarkan berat lahir, korelasi antara berat lahir bayi dengan fungsi kelenjar tiroid, serta hubungan antara status berat lahir dengan nilai rerata TSH neonatus.Metode: Dari 2.987 subjek yang didapatkan dari 10 provinsi pada program skrining hipotiroid kongenital nasional pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2017 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, sebanyak 1.700 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang diperoleh melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Nilai TSH didapatkan melalui metode Fluorometri dengan reagen Labsystem. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 1.573 subjek untuk kelompok bayi berat lahir normal dan 127 subjek untuk kelompok bayi berat lahir rendah. Sampel kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan SPSS versi 20.0 untuk diketahui hubungannya dengan nilai rerata TSH neonatus dan MedCalc versi 17.9 untuk menghitung nilai rujukan TSH neonatus.

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ABSTRACTBackground: National Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening Program in Indonesia showed high incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism. One of responsible risk factors is low birth weight. In low birth weight, organ maturity is relatively immature, thus disrupting organ function including thyroid and hypophysis gland. Objective: This cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the percentage of low birth weight in Indonesia, neonatal TSH reference values based on birth weight, the correlation between birth weight and thyroid gland function, as well as the association between birth weight status with neonatal TSH level.Methods: Of the 2,987 subjects obtained from 10 provinces in national congenital hypothyroidism screening program data from May to June 2017 in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, as many as 1,700 subjects fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained through consecutive sampling. TSH value was obtained by Fluorometri method with Labsystem reagent. Subjects were divided into two groups, 1,573 subjects for normal birth weight and 127 subjects for low birth weight. Then, samples were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with SPSS version 20.0 to investigate association to neonatal TSH level and MedCalc version 17.9 to calculate neonatal TSH reference values.Results: Low birth weight was 7.5%. The TSH reference value in all neonates, normal birth weight, and low birth weight were 1.40-8.04 mU/L with median 3.10 (1.00-19.80), 1.50-8.06 mU/L with median 3.20 (1.00-19.80), and 1.00-9.06 mU/L with median 2.50 (1.00-13.80) respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between low birth weight and thyroid function (r = 0.367, P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between birth weight status with neonatal TSH level (P<0.001). Discussion: The percentage of low birth weight in Indonesia is half the percentage of babies born in the world according to WHO. The neonatal TSH reference values in Indonesia is close to 10 mU/L as cut off in developed countries. Birth weight influences neonatal TSH level. It correlates with delayed in hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid axis maturity."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Hipotiroid kongenital merupakan suatu kelainan endokrin dimana terjadi penurunan sintesis hormon tiroid saat bayi baru lahir. Hipotiroid kongenital merupakan salah satu penyebab paling umum dari penurunan kecerdasaan intelektual retardasi mental yang sebenarnya dapat dicegah. Salah satu faktor risiko yang mendukung kejadian hipotiroid kongenital adalah status konsumsi garam beriodium ibu.Tujuan: Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan antara nilai TSH neonatus dengan status konsumsi garam beriodium cukup ibu.Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 2.978 subjek yang terdiri atas bayi dan anak yang memperoleh uji saring hipotiroid kongenital di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Bulan Mei hingga Bulan Juni 2017. Dari seluruh peserta uji saring hipotiroid kongenital tersebut, terdapat 1.687 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi peneliti, kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang tinggal di daerah dengan persentase konsumsi garam beriodium cukup per rumah tangganya rendah 90 . Jumlah sampel minimal yang harus dipenuhi oleh peneliti dengan menggunakan rumus besar sampel analitik numerik tidak berpasangan adalah 322 sampel. Setelah ditelaah, terdapat 149 subjek untuk kelompok bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang tinggal di daerah dengan persentase konsumsi garam beriodium cukup per rumah tangganya tinggi dan 173 bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang tinggal di daerah dengan persentase konsumsi garam beriodium cukup per rumah tangganya rendah. Sampel kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk diketahui hubungannya dengan nilai rerata TSH neonatus.Hasil dan Diskusi: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai rerata TSH pada bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang tinggal di daerah dengan persentase konsumsi garam beriodium cukup per rumah tangganya rendah dan kelompok bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu yang tinggal di daerah dengan tingkat konsumsi garam beriodium cukup per rumah tangganya tinggi.

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ABSTRACTBackground Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder in which there is a decrease in thyroid hormone synthesis at birth. Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common causes of a decline in intellectual intelligence mental retardation that can be prevented. One of the risk factors that affects the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism is the consumption status of the mother 39 s iodized salt.Objective This cross sectional study was conducted to see if there was any difference between neonatal TSH value and iodized salt consumption status.Methods The study involved 2,978 subjects consisting of infants and children who received a congenital hypothyroid filter test at the National General Hospital RSUPN . Cipto Mangunkusumo from May to June 2017. From the congenital hypothyroid test participants, 1,687 subjects fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the researcher, then divided into two groups, the group of neonates born to mothers living in the area with the percentage of consumption iodized salt per household is low 90 . The minimum number of samples that must be met by the researcher by using the formula of unpaired numerical analytic sample is 322 samples. Upon examination, there were 149 subjects for groups of neonates born to mothers living in areas with a high percentage of iodized salt intake per household and 173 neonates born to mothers living in areas with sufficient iodized salt intake percentage per household. The samples were then analyzed using the Mann Whitney test to be known to correlate with the mean values of neonatal TSH.Results and Discussions There was a significant difference in mean TSH values in neonates born to mothers living in areas with a moderate percentage of low iodized salt intake per household and neonates born to mothers living in areas with high iodized salt intake per household P 0.001 . This is in line with the theory that if the diet of iodized salt is adequate then TSH levels in the circulation will be normal, whereas if the iodized salt diet is inadequate then TSH levels in the circulation will be high, due to negative feedback of the least amount of thyroid hormones in the circulation due to the raw material of its formation , ie iodides derived from iodized salt are not met. Also there was a significant difference in mean birth weight of neonates born to mothers living in areas with a fairly low percentage of iodized salt intake per household and neontaes born to mothers living in areas with sufficient iodized salt intake per household P "

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan jangka panjang insektisida klorpirifos (CPF) akan menimbulkan efekpada Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) dan hormon-hormon tiroid(triidiotironin/T3 dan tirotoksin/T4). Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhinsektisida CPF terhadap kadar TSH dan hormon-hormon tiroid pada petani sayurdari tinjauan aspek genetik populasi. Studi ini dilakukan dengan desain potonglintang. Terdapat 273 petani sayur yang menjadi subjek, yang diambil pada tigapopulasi suku, yaitu Jawa, Sunda, dan Makassar. Terdapat variasi genetikparaoxonase 1 (PON1) pada ketiga populasi dan alel Q banyak ditemukan padasemua populasi. PON1 dapat menjadi prediktor terjadinya gangguan pada kadarhormon-hormon tiroid dan TSH. TCP sebagai metabolit CPF merupakan biomarkerkemampuan metabolisme individu terhadap CPF. Pada masyarakat petani yangterpajan klorpirifos, TCP urin yang tidak terdeteksi berperan dalam terjadinya kadarFT3 rendah dan kadar TCP urin yang rendah berperan dalam terjadinya kadar FT4tertil rendah dan kadar TSH tinggi. Efek CPF terhadap ketiga hormon ini didugaterjadi melalui mekanisme terganggunya sistem neurotransmitter dan prosesdeyodinasi pada perifer dan hati.

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ABSTRACTLong-term use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide will affects Stimulating ThyroidHormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (triidiotironin/T3 and tirotoksin/ T4). Thisstudy aimed to assess the effect of insecticide CPF on levels of TSH and thyroidhormones of the vegetable farmers as the reviews of population genetic aspects. Thisstudy was conducted with a cross-sectional design. There were 273 vegetable farmersas subjects, taken in three population, namely Java, Sunda, and Makassar. There wasgenetic variation of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in a population of in the three populationsand Q alleles found in all populations. PON1 may be a predictor of causinginterference to the levels of thyroid hormones and TSH. TCP as CPF metabolite wasa biomarker of individual metabolic capabilities toward CPF. In exposed CPFfarming communities, undetected TCP urine played a role in occurrence of low FT3levels while low levels of TCP urine play a role for lower tertile FT4 level and highTSH level. CPF effect to the hormones possiblyoccured through the mechanism ofdisruption of neurotransmitter system and deiodinase process in peripheral and liver"

"ABSTRAKNilai rujukan thyroid stimulating hormone TSH penting digunakan dalam skrining penyakit hipotiroid kongenital HK yang saat ini insidensinya di Indonesia lebih tinggi dibandingkan insidensi di dunia. Nilai rujukan merupakan nilai normal yang ditentukan dari individu sehat dan dapat dipengaruhi kondisi fisiologis, seperti usia dan jenis kelamin, dan kondisi patologis. Penelitian cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai rujukan TSH neonatus di Indonesia berdasarkan kelompok usia dan jenis kelamin. Sebanyak 3.320 sampel diperoleh dari data skrining hipotiroid kongenital SHK Nasional bulan Mei-Juli 2017 dengan metode fluorometri dengan reagen Labsystem di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo RSUPN-CM . Pengelompokkan total sampel dilakukan berdasarkan dua variabel bebas, yaitu lima kelompok usia dan kelompok jenis kelamin, dan dianalisis perbedaan nilai TSH antar kelompok tiap variabel bebas menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Interval rujukan TSH berdasarkan kedua variabel bebas akan dianalisis menggunakan MedCalc versi 17.9.7. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai TSH yang bermakna.

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ABSTRACTTSH reference value was important in detection of congenital hypothyroidism, which incidence was higher in Indonesia than in the world. Reference value was a normal categorized value obtained from a healthy individual and influenced by physiological conditions, like age and sex differences, and pathological conditions. This cross sectional study aimed to analyze the comparison of neonatal TSH reference value in Indonesia according to age and sex difference. 3,320 subjects were obtained from National Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening data from May July 2017 by fluorometry method with Labsystem reagent in National Referral Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo. Groupings were done based on two independent variables five age groups and gender groups, which were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Neonatal TSH reference interval according to both independent variables were analyzed by using MedCalc version 17.9.7. There was significant difference in TSH value p"

"ABSTRAKHipotiroid kongenital (HK) adalah kelainan bawaan yang dapat menimbulkandampak berupa retardasi mental permanen. Pemberian levothyroxine dengan dosis tepat pada usia sedini mungkin, dapat mencegah gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Sayangnya, bayi baru lahir tidak menunjukkan gejala HK. Kalaupun ada, berarti sudah ada gangguan pertumbuhan. Perlu skrining hipotiroid kongenital (SHK) untuk menemukan kasus bayi yang menderita HK.Meski sudah dilakukan sejak 2006, baru pada tahun 2014 dikeluarkan Permenkes tentang pelaksanaan SHK di Indonesia. Penelitian evaluasi ekonomi program SHK tahun 2014-2015 ini mencakup analisis biaya skrining dan terapi dini, sedangkan outcome didapat dari systematic review (SR). Asumsi dikembangkan berdasarkan data riil pasien skrining SHK di 2 laboratorium rujukan di Jakarta dan Bandung.Dari total 56.186 bayi yang melakukan skrining, diperoleh 24 pasien positifmenderita HK. Hasil SR menyatakan bahwa semakin dini onset terapi, semakin adekuat dosis inisiasi dan semakin kontinyu terapi dapat memberikan hasil yang baik. Hasil Tersebut berupa pencegahan terhadap komplikasi HK lebih jauh dan perbaikan pada penyimpangan tumbuh kembang.Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan informasi bahwa baru pada tahun kedua terlihat adanya keuntungan ekonomis SHK. Hal ini berhubungan dengan patologi gejala HK yang umumnya muncul pada usia 3-6 bulan. Orang tua baru mencari pertolongan medis pada tahun kedua dan mengeluarkan lebih banyak biaya. Biaya skrining dan terapi dini menjadi sepadan dibandingkan dengan kerugian yang dapat dicegah akibat gejala gangguan tumbuh kembang.

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ABSTRACTCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a congenital disorder that can have an impact in the form of permanent mental retardation. Giving the right dose of levothyroxine at the earliest possible age, can prevent the disruption of growth and development. Newborns do not show symptoms of CH, and unfortunately the symptoms appear in the late period and in many cases it shows growth disorders. The congenital hypothyroidism screening (CHS) program has been implemented to find infant cases with CH, and followed up with treatment.Although it has been made since 2006, Minister of Health just issued the regulation in 2014 on the implementation of CHS in Indonesia. This economic evaluation of the CHS program in 2014-2015 was done using cost analysis, while outcome obtained from the systematic review (SR). The assumptions used in the analysis were developed based on real data from a CHS screening program in two referral laboratories in Jakarta and Bandung. Out of 56.186 screened babies, 24 babies were found as CH positive cases.The result of the SR revealed that the earlier onset of initiation therapy, the more adequate dose and the more continuous therapy given to the patient, the better result will be achieved. It will prevent the patients from severe complications of CH and will improve the quality of thegrowth and development. The study found that the economic benefit is achieved in the second year of CH treatment, since the pathological symptoms generally appear at the age of 3-6 month and parents seek care in the second year. Consequently, cost to treat patients will increase. The cost of screening and early treatment was found worthy as compared to economic loss resulting from growth disorders"

"ABSTRAKHipotiroid kongenital (HK) adalah kelainan bawaan yang dapat menimbulkandampak berupa retardasi mental permanen. Pemberian levothyroxine dengan dosistepat pada usia sedini mungkin, dapat mencegah gangguan pertumbuhan danperkembangan. Sayangnya, bayi baru lahir tidak menunjukkan gejala HK. Kalaupunada, berarti sudah ada gangguan pertumbuhan. Perlu skrining hipotiroid kongenital(SHK) untuk menemukan kasus bayi yang menderita HK.Meski sudah dilakukan sejak 2006, baru pada tahun 2014 dikeluarkan Permenkestentang pelaksanaan SHK di Indonesia. Penelitian evaluasi ekonomi program SHKtahun 2014-2015 ini mencakup analisis biaya skrining dan terapi dini, sedangkanoutcome didapat dari systematic review (SR). Asumsi dikembangkan berdasarkandata riil pasien skrining SHK di 2 laboratorium rujukan di Jakarta dan Bandung.Dari total 56.186 bayi yang melakukan skrining, diperoleh 24 pasien positifmenderita HK.Hasil SR menyatakan bahwa semakin dini onset terapi, semakin adekuat dosisinisiasi dan semakin kontinyu terapi dapat memberikan hasil yang baik. Hasiltersebut berupa pencegahan terhadap komplikasi HK lebih jauh dan perbaikan padapenyimpangan tumbuh kembang.Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan informasi bahwa baru pada tahun kedua terlihatadanya keuntungan ekonomis SHK. Hal ini berhubungan dengan patologi gejala HKyang umumnya muncul pada usia 3-6 bulan. Orang tua baru mencari pertolonganmedis pada tahun kedua dan mengeluarkan lebih banyak biaya. Biaya skrining danterapi dini menjadi sepadan dibandingkan dengan kerugian yang dapat dicegahakibat gejala gangguan tumbuh kembang.

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ABSTRACTCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a congenital disorder that can have an impact inthe form of permanent mental retardation. Giving the right dose of levothyroxine atthe earliest possible age, can prevent the disruption of growth and development.Newborns do not show symptoms of CH, and unfortunately the symptoms appear inthe late period and in many cases it shows growth disorders. The congenitalhypothyroidism screening (CHS) program has been implemented to find infant caseswith CH, and followed up with treatment.Although it has been made since 2006, Minister of Health just issued the regulationin 2014 on the implementation of CHS in Indonesia. This economic evaluation of theCHS program in 2014-2015 was done using cost analysis, while outcome obtainedfrom the systematic review (SR). The assumptions used in the analysis weredeveloped based on real data from a CHS screening program in two referrallaboratories in Jakarta and Bandung. Out of 56.186 screened babies, 24 babies werefound as CH positive cases.The result of the SR revealed that the earlier onset of initiation therapy, the moreadequate dose and the more continuous therapy given to the patient, the better resultwill be achieved. It will prevent the patients from severe complications of CH andwill improve the quality of thegrowth and development..The study found that the economic benefit is achieved in the second year of CHtreatment, since the pathological symptoms generally appear at the age of 3-6 monthand parents seek care in the second year. Consequently, cost to treat patients willincrease. The cost of screening and early treatment was found worthy as compared toeconomic loss resulting from growth disorders."

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya kekambuhan seperti, faktor klinis yaitu usia dan jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga, besarnya ukuran kelenjar tiroid, ada tidaknya oftalmopati; faktor genetik yang berperan pada kejadian GD; dan faktor imunologi yaitu jumlah sel T regulator, kadar interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 17 (IL-17) dan antibodi pada reseptor tiroid (TRAb).Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol yang membandingkan 36 pasien GD yang kambuh dan 36 pasien GD yang tidak kambuh. Pemeriksaan polimorfisme gen dilakukan dengan metode PCR RFLP. Pemeriksaan jumlah sel T regulator dengan flowsitometri. Pemeriksaan IL-10, IL-17 dan TRAb dengan ELISA.Hasil: Analisis hasil penelitian membuktikan hubungan antara kekambuhan dengan faktor keluarga (p 0,008), usia saat didiagnosis (p 0,021), oftalmopati derajat 2 (p 0,001), kelenjar tiroid yang membesar melebihi tepi lateral muskulus sternokleidomastoideus (p 0,040), lamanya periode remisi (p 0,029), genotip GG gen CTLA-4 nukleotida 49 kodon 17 pada ekson 1 (p 0,016), genotip CC gen tiroglobulin nukleotida 5995 kodon 1980 pada ekson 33 (p 0,017), genotip CC gen TSHR SNP rs2268458intron 1 (p 0,003), jumlah sel T regulator (p 0,001), kadar IL-10 (p 0,012) dan kadar TRAb (p 0,002). Penelitian ini juga membuktikan hubungan antara faktor klinis yaitu faktor keluarga, usia, oftalmopati, pembesaran kelenjar tiroid dan lamanya periode remisi; dengan faktor genetik dan respons imun.Simpulan: Polimorfisme genotip gen CTLA-4 nukleotida 49 kodon 17 ekson 1, gen tiroglobulin nukleotida 5995 kodon 1980 ekson 33, gen TSHR SNP rs2268458 intron 1 dan sel T regulator berperan sebagai faktor risiko kambuh pada pasien penyakit Graves.

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Background: The management of Graves? disease (GD) is initiated with the administration of antithyroid drugs; however, it requires a long time to achieve remission and more than 50 percent of patients who had remission may be at risk for relapse after the drug is stopped. This study was aimed to identify factors affecting relapse of Graves? Disease

Methods: This was a case-control study comparing 36 patients relapsed GD and 36 patients who did not relapse. Genetic polymorphism examination was performed using PCR-RFLP. The number of regulatory T cells was counted using flow cytometry analysis and ELISA was used to measure serum IL-10, IL-17 and TRAb.

Results: The analysis of this study demonstrated that there was a correlation between relapse of disease and family factors (p 0.008), age at diagnosis (p 0.021), 2nd degree of Graves? ophthalmopathy (p 0.001), enlarged thyroid gland, which exceeded the lateral edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscles (p 0.040), duration of remission period (p 0.029), GG genotype of CTLA-4 gene on the nucleotide 49 at codon 17 of exon 1 (p 0.016), CC genotype of thyroglobulin gene on the nucleotide 5995 at codon 1980 of exon 33 (p 0.017), CC genotype of TSHR gene on the rs2268458 of intron 1 (p 0.003), the number of regulatory T cells (p 0.001), the levels of IL-10 (p 0.012) and TRAb levels (p 0.002). This study also showed the association between clinical factors, which included family factors, age at diagnosis, ophthalmopathy, thyroid gland enlargement and the long periods of remission with genetic factors and immune response.

Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene on the nucleotide 49 at codon 17 of exon 1, thyroglobulin gene on the nucleotide 5995 at codon 1980 of exon 33, TSHR gene SNP rs2268458 of intron 1 and regulatory T cells play a role as risk factors for relapse in patients with Graves? disease."

"Penelitian ini membahas model prediksi berat lahir bayi berdasarkan status gizi dan faktor lainnya di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Kejadian rata-rata berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok sebesar 3172,96 gram.Untuk mengetahui model prediksi berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok dilakukan penelitian dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional, menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan atau melahirkan di Rumah Sakit tersebut. Hasil penelitian rata-rata usia ibu yang melahirkan 30,29 tahun dengan pendidikan ibu di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok tertinggi SMP sebesar 50,4%, SD 22,2%, SMA 25,9%, dan Perguruan Tinggi 1,5%. Rata-rata ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan atau melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah tidak bekerja sebesar 97,8% dengan paritas atau jumlah anak kurang dari sama dengan tiga orang sebanyak 68,9% dan rata-rata usia kehamilan ibu 38,59 minggu, rata-rata berat badan sebelum hamil sebesar 53,52 kg. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan 3 variabel yang signifikan yaitu usia ibu, usia kehamilan, dan berat badan sebelum hamil dan usia kehamilan yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok.

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This study discusses birthweight prediction model based on nutritional status and other factors at the General Hospital in Depok. This research is a quantitative study. Average incidence of birth weight babies in the General Hospital of 3172.96 grams. To determine the predictive model birth weight infants in the General Hospital in Depok conducted research with cross sectional research design, using secondary data from medical records of mothers during their pregnancy or childbirth in the hospital.

The results of the study the average age of mothers giving birth to 30.29 years of education of mothers in the General Hospital of Depok City junior high at 50.4%, SD 22.2%, 25.9% high school, and university 1.5% . Average mothers during their pregnancy or childbirth in the General Hospital of 97.8% does not work with parity or the number of children less than three to 68.9% and an average age of 38.59 weeks gestational mother, average The average pre-pregnancy weight was 53.52 kg.

The results mentioned three significant variables, namely maternal age, gestational age, and prepregnancy weight and gestational age were greatest effect on birth weight infants in the General Hospital in Depok."

"Berat lahir merupakan salah satu indikator penting tumbuh kembang anak dan juga mencerminkan asupan gizi yang didapatkan janin saat dalam kandungan. Berat lahir dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dan salah satunya adalah faktor kualitas asupan makanan ibu hamil. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk membahas hubungan keragaman makanan ibu hamil dengan berat lahir bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pengasinan dan Pasir Putih, Kecamatan Sawangan, Kota Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari studi kohor “Pengaruh Suplementasi Multi-Micronutrient (MMS) terhadap Status Anemia Ibu dan Kualitas Outcome Kehamilan”. Hasil uji statistik regresi linier ganda menemukan bahwa keragaman makanan ibu hamil berhubungan signifikan dengan berat lahir bayi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel lainnya dalam model (kadar Hb ibu, riwayat melahirkan BBLR, dan interaksi antara keragaman makanan ibu dengan kadar Hb ibu). Peneliti merekomendasikan untuk menyebarkan informasi mengenai pentingnya bagi ibu mengonsumsi makanan beragam selama kehamilan untuk menghasilkan bayi dengan berat lahir yang optimal.

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Birth weight is an important indicator of the child’s growth and also represents the nutritional intake obtained by the fetus during childbirth. Birth weight is influenced by various factors and one of them is the quality of food intake during pregnancy. This thesis focuses on the association between dietary diversity during pregnancy and baby birth weight in the Public Health Centers (Puskesmas Pengasinan and Puskemas Pasir Putih) in Sawangan, Depok. This study is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design using secondary data from the cohort study “Effect of Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS) on Maternal Anemia Status and Quality of Pregnancy Outcome”. The results of multiple linear regression statistical test found that the maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy was significantly correlated with infant birth weight after controlling for other variables in the model (maternal Hb level, history of giving birth to LBW babies, and interaction between the maternal dietary diversity and maternal Hb level). It is recommended to disseminate information about the importance of a diverse diet during pregnancy to achieve optimal birth weight."