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"The moisture content of cut tobacco in Tobacco industry affects directly the quality of tobacco. To prevent the abnormal changes of the moisture content of cut tobacco, effective surveillance systems would be extremely helpful to give out-of-control (OC) signals as quickly as possible. The conventional statistical process control charts are not suitable to use due to complex structures, such as semiparametric trend, within-batch correlation in the moisture content data. In this paper, we propose a four-step procedure in which Semiparametric longitudinal model, time series analysis methods and normal transformation methods are utilized to eliminate the impact of the complex structures. And our procedure is demonstrated using the moisture content data of cut tobacco at the outlet (MCCTO) collected in Shanghai tobacco group co., Ltd of China. The results show that our procedure is effective in detecting the abnormal changes of the MCCTO data."

"Pesawat terbang merupakan wahana udara yang dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan transportasi yang lebih cepat. Dalam merancang pesawat terbang satu di antara beberapa bidang ilmu penting yang perlu diperhatikan adalah memodelkan dan mengontrol gerakan pesawat terbang yang terdiri dari kinematika, dinamika, dan stabilitas, sehingga pesawat mampu bermanouver sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Sistem gerak pesawat merupakan sistem MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output), di mana masing-masing input saling mempengaruhi (berinteraksi) sehingga relatif kompleks untuk dianalisa. Oleh karena itu penerapan metode decoupling pada sistem gerak pesawat akan mengurangi (bahkan menghilangkan) pengaruh interaksi tersebut. Data pesawat dalam penelitian tesis ini diambil dari pesawat CHARLIE [2]. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa, sebelum adanya pengendali, gerak pesawat mempunyai karakteristik tidak stabil, karena ada nilai eigen yang positif yaitu 3,4 0.0006 0.0512i l = ± . Tetapi gerak pesawat masih dapat dikontrol (controllability) dan dapat diamati (observability) secara lengkap, karena matriks controllability dan matriks observability mempunyai full rank yaitu 4. Kemudian, setelah menggunakan pengendali dengan metoda decoupling gerakan pesawat sangat setabil, karena output w dapat mengikuti set-point setelah sekitar 12 detik, dan output q dapat mengikuti set-point setelah sekitar 14 detik.

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Aircraft is mode air transportation faster movement. For designing model an aircraft need sufficient knowledge field of controls such as kinematic, dynamics and stability to fulfill requirement as needed. Parameters data for calculation and simulation longitudinal motion to be used in this thesis are taken from CHARLIE aircraft [2].

Before using controller, aircraft has unstable characteristics, because it has two positive eigen value i.e. 3,4 0.0006 0.0512i l = ± . Aircraft still both controllable and observable, because has full rank controllability and observability matrix i.e. 4. Design controller in this thesis using decoupling method because this method can be able elimination interaction multi input multi output. After using controller, motion of aircraft is very stable, both output, vertical velocity w and angular speed q match set-point."

"Saat mengalami kejadian yang sangat terdesak, pastinya akan berfikir untuk meminta pertolongan dan berusaha secepat mungkin agar cepat ditangani oleh pihak keamanan tanpa harus datang untuk melaporkan kejadian tersebut. Seiring teknologi, telah mendorong munculnya sebuah teknologi komunikasi nirkabel yaitu Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) yang memiliki cakupan area yang luas, namun menggunakan daya yang relatif rendah dengan daya tahan baterai yang tinggi, Mekanisme kerjanya adalah panic button mengirimkan data (longitude dan latitude) ke gateway dengan menggunakan protokol komunikasi LoRa. Paket yang diterima dari end device kemudian diteruskan oleh gateway ke network server yang sudah terintegrasi langsung dengan application server. Selanjutnya data ditampilkan dalam sebuah peta pada web. Penelitian ini menerapkan sistem LoRaWAN karena sistem dapat mengirim data ke perangkat lain yang sudah terhubung ke cloud melalui perantara gateway. Pengujian kali ini dibagi menjadi dua yaitu uji sistem dan uji QoS. Untuk pengujian sistem akan diperhatikan apakah panic button-nya berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak. Untuk pengujian QoS, parameter yang diuji adalah Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss, Signal Noise Ratio (SNR), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), dan delay. Parameter tersebut diuji terhadap 6 jarak yang berbeda yaitu 100m, 200m, 300m, 1.2km, 1.6km, dan 2km dari gateway NLOS. Untuk pengujian 100m, 200m, 300m gateway terletak pada satu BTS referensi yaitu STO Kranggan, yang keseluruhan PDRnya adalah 100%, sehingga packet loss-nya 0%. Hal ini dikarenakan semua nilai RSSI-nya masih di atas -120dBm. Semakin jauh jarak yang ditempuh mengakibatkan nilai Path Loss (PL) akan semakin besar, berhubungan dengan RSSI yang semakin berkurang karena RSSI menjadi faktor penentu pengiriman data. Pada jarak 1.2km hasil PDR yang diperoleh adalah 100%, dengan packet loss sebesar 0%, nilai SNR rata-rata -0,523dB, nilai rata-rata RSSI -102dBm, dan delaynya 0,011123s. Nilai PDR pada 1,6km adalah 99,5% dengan packet loss sebesar 0,5 %, nilai SNR rata-rata -2,63941dB, nilai rata-rata RSSI sebesar -106,004dBm, nilai delay yang diperoleh sebesar 0,01127detik. Pada jarak 2km adalah 92,5%, packet loss sebesar 7,5%, nilai rata-rata SNR -10,86dB, nilai rata-rata RSSI -110,628571dBm, nilai delay paling besar yaitu 0,013078s. Sehingga semakin jauh jarak yang ditempuh, nilai packet loss dan delay semakin naik, sedangkan nilai PDR, SNR, RSSI semakin turun. Untuk gateway yang menjadi referensinya terdapat di STO Pasar Minggu, namun kenyataan adalah daerah tersebut juga mendapat cakupan dari gateway BTS lain, sehingga walaupun jaraknya lebih dekat, RSSI dan SNRnya menjadi lebih rendah, sebagai contoh nilai minimal SNR dan RSSI pada percobaan 1 jarak 1.2 km lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan percobaan 1 pada jarak 1.6km dan 2km.

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When experiencing a very urgent event, surely you will think to ask for help and try as fast as possible so that quickly handled by the security forces without having to come to report the incident. Along with technology, it has encouraged the emergence of a wireless communication technology namely Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) which has a wide area coverage, but uses relatively low power with high battery life, its mechanism of action is a panic button sending data (longitude and latitude ) to the gateway using the LoRa communication protocol. Packets received from the end device are then forwarded by the gateway to the network server that is integrated directly with the application server. Then the data is displayed in a map on the web. This study applies the LoRaWAN system because the system can send data to other devices that are already connected to the cloud through an intermediary gateway. This time the test was divided into two namely the system test and QoS test. For testing the system will be considered whether the panic button is functioning properly or not. For QoS testing, the parameters tested are Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss, Signal Noise Ratio (SNR), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), and delay. These parameters were tested against 6 different distances namely 100m, 200m, 300m, 1.2km, 1.6km, and 2km from the NLOS gateway. For testing 100m, 200m, 300m gateways are located in one reference base station, namely STO Kranggan, the overall PDR is 100%, so the packet loss is 0%. This is because all RSSI values are still above -120dBm. The farther the distance travelled causes the value of Path Loss (PL) will be greater, related to the decreasing RSSI because RSSI is a determining factor for data transmission. At a distance of 1.2km the PDR results obtained are 100%, with a packet loss of 0%, an average SNR value of -0.523dB, an average RSSI value of -102dBm, and a delay of 0.011123s. The PDR value at 1.6km is 99.5% with a packet loss of 0.5%, the average SNR value is -2.63941dB, the average RSSI value is -106,004dBm, the delay value obtained is 0.01127 seconds. At a distance of 2km is 92.5%, packet loss of 7.5%, the average value of SNR is -10.86dB, the average RSSI value is -110.628571dBm, the highest delay value is 0.013078s. So the farther the distance travelled, the value of packet loss and delay increases, while the value of PDR, SNR, RSSI decreases. For gateways that are referenced in the Pasar Minggu STO, the reality is that the area also receives coverage from other BTS gateways, so that even though the distances are closer, the RSSI and SNR are lower, for example the minimum SNR and RSSI values in trial 1 are 1.2 km smaller than experiment 1 at a distance of 1.6km and 2km."

"The numerical simulation of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics was carried out on the airflow through a rectangular channel-mounted vortex generator (VG). The VG was installed on a plate that was attached to the heater. The inlet velocity of the airflow varied from 0.4 to 2.0 m/s. The VGs used in this study were concave delta winglet pairs (CDWPs) with the attack angle of 30° and with variation in the number of rows: one pair, two pairs, and three pairs. The CDWPs are predicted to produce the longitudinal vortex (LV), which increases the intensity of turbulence resulting in better mixing of flow. This, in turn, can improve the heat transfer between the plate surface and the airflow in the rectangular channel. The results showed that the installation of CDWPs does improve the overall heat transfer performance. However, it has the consequences of a greater pressure drop. Based on the variation in the number of rows, the greater the number of pairs of VGs was the greater the convection heat transfer coefficient (h) in both laminar and turbulent flows. The h value was based on the number of row of CDWPs: one pair, two pairs, and three pairs exhibited increases of 65.9-108.4%; 34.4-71%; and 42.2-110.7% compared to the baseline, respectively. A great number of rows of VGs also led to an increasing pressure drop value in laminar and turbulent flows. The percentage increases in pressure drop for CDWPs with one pair, two pairs, and three pairs, as compared to the baseline, were 70.1-92.1%; 123.6-161.3%, and 180-266.9%, respectively."

"Recently, a varied L ranked set sampling (VLRSS) scheme has been introduced in the literature for estimating the population mean. The VLRSS scheme is a cost-efficient alternative to the classical ranked-set sampling (RSS) and median RSS (MRSS) schemes. In this paper, we construct a new cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart for efficiently monitoring the process mean using VLRSS, named the CUSUM-VLRSS chart. The CUSUM-VLRSS chart encompasses the existing CUSUM charts based on RSS and MRSS schemes, named the CUSUM-RSS and CUSUM-MRSS charts. We use extensive Monte Carlo simulations to compute the run length characteristics of the proposed CUSUM chart. It is shown that the CUSUM-VLRSS chart is able to perform uniformly better than the CUSUM-RSS and CUSUM-MRSS charts when detecting different kinds of shift in the process mean. A similar trend is observed when the proposed CUSUM chart is constructed under imperfect rankings. A real data-set is also used to explain the implementation of the CUSUM-VLRSS chart. "

"ABSTRAKCadangan klaim merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama pada perusahaan asuransi. Kurang tepatnya perhitungan estimasi cadangan klaim dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dari perusahaan asuransi. Banyak metode yang telah dikembangkan peneliti-peneliti untuk mengestimasi nilai cadangan klaim. Salah satu metode yang paling sering digunakan dalam mengestimasi cadangan klaim di dunia asuransi adalah metode Chain-Ladder dan variasinya. Selain Metode tersebut Hudecova dan Pesta 2013 mengembangkan metode terbaru yaitu Generalized Estimating Equations GEE . Metode GEE merupakan pengembangan dari metode Generalized Linear Method. Keunggulan metode GEE dengan metode GLM adalah pada metode GEE memiliki pemodelan dari hubungan antara periode kejadian dan periode pengembangan pada data. Metode ini juga dapat melakukan estimasi tanpa memerlukan informasi distribusi dari data.Pada penelitian ini akan mencoba untuk melakukan estimasi perhitungan cadangan klaim dengan menggunakan metode Generalized Estimating Equations GEE . Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah menerapkan serta membandingkan metode GEE dengan Chain-Ladder. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data klaim lini bisnis asuransi kendaraan bermotor PT XYZ selama tahun 2015 yang masuk pada jenis bisnis short-tail. Hasil estimasi metode GEE lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan estimasi yang dihasilkan metode Chain-Ladder berdasarkan data klaim yang terjadi pada tahun 2016. MAPE GEE dengan struktur korelasi exchangeable yang digabungkan dengan fungsi varians linier memiliki tingkat kesalahan terkecil, yaitu sebesar 55 .

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ABSTRACTClaim reserve is one of the biggest problem in insurance company. Inaccurate calculations of claim reserve could lead to downfall of insurance company. There is a lot of methods developed by the experts to estimate the amount of claim reserve. One of the most famous method is Chain Ladder. In addition to the method that already mentioned, Hudecova and Pesta 2013 have developed a new method, which called as Generalized Estimating Equation GEE . This method form as the development of Generalized Linear Method method. The advantage of GEE method with GLM method is the method has modelling out of the relation between the accident period and the development period of the data. This research would like to test making claim reserve estimation using the Generalized Estimating Equations GEE method. The goals of this research is to apply and compare the GEE method with the most famous method, which is Chain Ladder. The data that been used is historical data from PT XYZ motor insurance company from year 2015 2016 that come under the type of short tail business. The result shows, that the estimation value from GEE method base on actual claim in 2016 period. MAPE GEE with exchangeable correlation structure combined with linear variance function has the smallest error rate, which is 55 ."