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"Penegakana hukum internasional melalui pembentukan berbagai pengadilan internasional yang bertujuan untuk mengadili para pelaku kejahatan internasioal. Pengadilan internasional memiliki lingkup kejahatan internasional, walaupun saat ini berkembang pula variasi pengadilan internasional yaitu pengadilan campuran yang mempunyai kewenangan kejahatan nasional dan internasional. Namun, dengan adanya Pengadilan Khusus untuk Lebanon Special Tribunal for Lebanon/ STL, persepsi bahwa pengadilan internasional selalu bertujuan untuk mengadili kejahatan internasional berubah karena STL merupakan pengadilan pertama yang bertujuan sepenuhnya untuk kejahatan nasional tanpa ada unsur kejahatan internasional sama sekali. Kejahatan nasional di sini adalah mengadili pelaku terorisme dalam kasus pembunuhan perdana menteri Lebanon, Rafik Hariri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap hukum positif tertulis, termasuk meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tujuan pembentukan STL yang dirasa janggal karena menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah kejahatan nasional STL mempunyai alasan yang kuat bagi DK PBB untuk menggunakan kewenangannya berdasarkan Bab VII Piagam PBB mengenai perdamaian dan keamanan dunia. Penelitian ini juga membahas karakteristik-karakteristik khusus STL yang membedakan dengan pengadilan-pengadilan internasional sebelumnya. Pada hasilnya, disamping adanya beberapa unsur politik, STL dibentuk karena adanya keinginan pemerintah Lebanon untuk mengadili pelaku pembunuhan perdana menteri Rafik Hariri melalui pengadilan yang berkarakter internasional dan independen.

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The purpose of enforcement of international law through the establishment of international courts is to try the criminals of international crimes. The international courts have the jurisdiction of international crimes, despite today rsquo s development of various international tribunals such as the hybrid courts that have the jurisdiction both international and national crimes.

However, the existence of Special Tribunal for Lebanon gives the perception that international courts have always aimed to try the international crimes criminals has changed because STL is the first international court that aims fully to try the national crimes without any international crimes element. The national crimes under STLs jurisdiction is to prosecute and investigate the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri.

This paper uses juridical normative method which uses written applicable laws and literatures, with the aim to get to know the aim of STL establishment as to be assumed peculiar as it incurs the question whether the national crimes under STL jurisdiction have the strong reasons for the UN Security Council to use its authority under Part VII of UN Charter regarding international peace and security.

This paper also explains the STL rsquo s special characteristics that distinguish with the previous international courts. The results shows that despite the political instruments, STL was established as the request of the Lebanese government to prosecute the criminals of the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri by establishing a tribunal that has impartial and international characters."

"This collection addresses all of the areas of international law that the International Court of Justice has addressed with depth and nuance. The topics considered include general principles of law, sources of law, treaty interpretation, substantive issues such as the law of the sea, state sovereignty, and state responsibility, questions of jurisdiction and competence, and questions of the Court's procedure. Since 1989, the author, a former Principal Legal Secretary to the International Court of Justice, contributed frequent articles on this subject to the British Yearbook of International Law continuing the work begun by Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice in 1950. This work brings together these articles in one place for the first time, with extensive cross-references, and a thorough index and tables, making it more accessible than eve"

"[Sengketa atas Kepulauan Spratly terjadi akibat adanya klaim kepemilikan wilayah atas Kepulauan Spratly oleh negara-negara berbeda yang saling berhimpitan. Klaim ini bermunculan dikarenakan nilai strategis dari Kepulauan Spratly baik itu dari potensi kekayaan alam dan navigasi laut. Sengketa kepemilikan ini telah berwujud kepada aktifitas yang memanas antar negara-negara bersengketa dan menyebabkan jatuhnya korban. Usaha-usaha dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ini telah dilakukan melalui organisasi regional maupun secara bilateral namun masih tidak efektif. Berkenaan dengan sengketa ini, skripsi ini mencoba memberikan analisis terhadap alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yaitu Mahkamah Internasional yang telah berpengalaman dalam menyelesaikan sengketa wilayah.

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, The Territorial Dispute over the Spratly Islands is the result of the overlapping

claims over the Spratly Islands region by different countries. These claims

emerged because of the strategic value of the Spratly Islands both in the potential

of natural resources and marine navigation. The disputes has become complicated

and caused casualties for all the disputed countries. Efforts to resolve the disputes

has been done through regional organizations or bilateral methods but worked

uneffectively. This thesis tries to give an analysis of alternative dispute resolution,

International Court of Justice, which has experiences in resolving the territorial

dispute.]"