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"Latar Belakang : Sel stromal yang dapat digunakan untuk regenerasi pada defek tulang diantaranya adalah Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) dan Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Pada penelitian yang sudah ada, ditemukan bahwa terdapat differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pada beberapa gen homeobox salah satunya gen CUX1 yang mengalami penurunan ekspresi pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum dibandingkan subjek normal. Gen CUX1 atau Cut-like-homeobox 1 merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berperan dalam kontrol proliferasi dan diferensiasi. Validasi DEGs perlu dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana gen diekspresikan dalam subjek yang sehat dan sakit serta dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh wawasan mengenai suatu penyakit. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memvalidasi gen homeobox CUX1 sehingga dapat mengetahui karakteristiknya pada sel DPSC dan SHED pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum serta membandingkannya dengan DPSC subjek normal. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik sel stromal gigi permanen (DPSC) dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) pasien celah bibir dan palatum dan pasien normal melalui ekspresi gen homeobox CUX1. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal, DPSC CLP, SHED CLP diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorium Biologi Oral Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji ekspresi gen CUX1 dengan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen CUX1, baik antara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p = 0,839) dan antara DPSC CLP dengan SHED CLP (p = 0,411). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan gigi sulung pada subjek normal dengan subjek celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen homeobox CUX1 sehingga dapat digunakan untuk perawatan rekayasa jaringan menggantikan autologous bone graft.

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Background : Stromal cells that can be used to regenerate bone defects include Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). In existing studies, it was found that there are differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in several homeobox genes, one of which is the CUX1 gene, which has decreased expression in cleft lip and palate patients compared to normal subjects. The CUX1 or Cut-like-homeobox 1 gene is a transcription factor that plays a role in the control of proliferation and differentiation. It is necessary to validate DEGs to understand how genes are expressed in healthy and diseased subjects and can be used to gain insight into a disease. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the homeobox gene CUX1 to determine its characteristics on DPSC and SHED in cleft lip and palate patients and compare them with DPSC from normal subjects. Objective : To evaluate the characteristics of Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (DPSC) and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cleft lip and palate and normal subject through the expression of the CUX1 homeobox gene. Methods : RNA samples from normal subject’s DPSC, cleft lip and palate subject’s DPSC and cleft lip and palate subject’s SHED were obtained from stored biological material in the Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Then, the CUX1 gene expression test was performed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Result : There was no difference in CUX1 gene expression, both between DPSC in normal subjects and DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects (p = 0.839) and between DPSC in cleft lip and palate subjects and SHED in cleft lip and palate subjects (p = 0.411). Conclusion : There were no differences in the characteristics of the dental pulp stromal cells and Stromal Cells from Human Exfoliated deciduous teeth between normal subjects and cleft lip and palate subjects through the expression of the CUX1 homeobox gene so that it can be used for tissue engineering treatment to replace autologous bone graft."

"Get an in-depth look at pediatric primary care through the eyes of a Nurse Practitioner! Pediatric Primary Care, 6th Edition guides readers through the process of assessing, managing, and preventing health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Key topics include developmental theory, issues of daily living, the health status of children today, and diversity and cultural considerations. This sixth edition also features a wealth of new content and updates - such as a new chapter on pediatric pharmacology, full-color design and illustrations, new QSEN integration, updated coverage of the impact of the Affordable Care Act, a refocused chapter on practice management, and more - to keep readers up to date on the latest issues affecting practice today"--Publisher's description.Contents"

"Latar Belakang: Gen Homeobox adalah gen pengatur perkembangan antara lain morfogenesis sel dengan menyandikan faktor transkripsi pada tahap awal embriogenesis dan diferensiasi sel. Gen EN1 adalah gen Homeobox yang berperan dalam proses pembentukan tulang. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa gen EN1 mengalami overexpression signifikan pada sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Namun, pengaruh gen EN1 pada karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan: Melakukan verifikasi karakteristik sel stromal gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dan subjek normal serta sel stromal gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui ekspresi gen EN1. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal (n=2), DPSC CLP (n=2), SHED CLP (n=2) diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan Laboratorum Oral Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Kemudian, dilakukan sintesis cDNA dan standarisasi konsentrasi sampel hasil sintesis cDNA. Selanjutnya, ekspresi gen EN1 dan gen referensi GAPDH diuji dengan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi gen EN1, antara DPSC subjek normal dengan DPSC CLP (p≥0,05) sedangkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi gen EN1 antara sel DPSC CLP dengan sel SHED CLP (p≤,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen antara subjek normal dan pasien celah bibir dan palatum, sedangkan terdapat perbedaan antara sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum.

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Background: Homeobox gene is a group of master regulatory developmental genes which are responsible for encode transcription factor in the early phase of embryogenesis and for cell differentiation. EN1 gene is a Homeobox gene that has a role in bone formation. The latest research discovered that EN1 gene was significantly overexpressed in Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects. However, the effect of EN1 gene on the characteristics of Permanent and Deciduous Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Normal Subjects and Cleft Lip and Palate Subjects still remain unknown. Objective: To Verify on the characteristic of the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell between Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Subjects as well as the characteristic between the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Deciduous Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and palate Patients. Methods: DPSC of normal subjects’ RNA sample (n=2), DPSC of CLP Patient’s RNA sample (n=2), SHED of CLP Patients’ RNA sample (n=2) obtained from Archived Biological Materials in Laboratorium. Subsequently, synthesis the RNA sample into cDNA sample and standardize the cDNA concentration sample. Afterwards, perform RT-PCR assay to validate EN1 and GAPDH reference gene expression. Results: No statistically significant difference of the EN1 gene expression between the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell between Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Subjects (p≥0,05) and there is statistically significant difference of the EN1 gene expression between the Permanent Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Deciduous Teeth’s Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and palate Patients. (p ≤05) Conclusion: There is no characteristic difference between the Permanent Teeth’s Pulp Stromal Cell between Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Normal Subjects, Meanwhile There is characteristic difference between the Deciduous Teeth’s Pulp Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and the Permanent Teeth’s Pulp Stromal Cell of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients."

"Dental fusion is the most common problem seen in the primary dentition. The incidence of dental fusion was approximately 0,5 % for deciduous dentition and 0,1% for permanent dentition. Fusion may be complete or incomplete. Its etiology was related to genetic or local factor. These anomaly could result in dental caries, esthetic problem, periodontal disease, dental malocclusion, and hypodontia in permanent dentition. Treatment of fused teeth depends on the location and the extent of fusion. This report describes an incomplete dental fusion wilh dentinal caries occurred on 72 and 73 while 32 was agenesis. The purpose of the treatment was to improve the esthetic performance and subsequently to keep the teeth until the exfoliation time. After the restoration of 72 and 73, the patient feel satisfied."

"Study on the structure and the mechanism of the formation of early caries is an important premise for evaluatingthe caries-preventive methods. Objective: To describe micrograph images of experimental carious lesionsat early stage in permanent teeth in Vietnamese. Methods: There were 60 permanent extracted premolars frompatients aged 18-25 used in this study. After cleaning and removing the remaining soft tissue, each tooth waspainted with acid-resistant coating leaving an enamel window of approximately 1 × 1mm2 on the buccal surface.The artificial carious lesion was performed by soaking the teeth for 96 hours in the demineralization solution andevaluated using the ICDAS criteria. The tooth specimen was observed under a scanning electronic microscope(SEM). Results: The experiment resulted 66.7% of ICDAS 1 and 33.3% ICDAS 2 carious lesions. The meandepth and area of the lesions were 107.6µm and 1.14 µm2, respectively. The difference in depth and area of lesionsbetween group ICDAS 1 and ICDAS 2 was significantly statistical with p=0.0001. The micrographs showed thatafter being soaked in demineralization solution, enamel surface became rough, enamel rods lost the minerals inthe body more than in the sheath, cross-sectional images showed widened gaps between the rods due to demineralization.There was a difference in demineralization degree between group ICDAS 1 and 2. Conclusion: Theimage of carious lesions was gained after the teeth were soaked in demineralization solution. It showed differentcharacteristics of the resulted lesions based on ICDAS criteria for early carious lesions using scanning electronmicroscope."

"Perawatan endodontik setelah perwatan bedah reposisi gigi insisif permanen intrusi pascatrauma. Laporan ini menggambarkan sebuah kasus trauma gigi berat pada seorang anak perempuan berusia 10 tahun yang mengakibatkan intrusi insisif sentral dan lateral rahang atas, yang terjadi 6 hari sebelum ditangani di Klinik Gigi Rumah Sakit Siloam Lippo Village (SLVH). Reposisi gigi secara bedah dan penggunaan splin dilakukan untuk merawat gigi intrusi. Perawatan endodontik dilakukan 3 minggu setelah reposisi. Saluran akar diirigasi dengan larutan NaOCl 2,5% dan ditumpat sementara menggunakan kalsium hidroksida. Splin dilepas setelah 3 bulan. Perawatan saluran akar definitif dilakukan 6 bulan kemudian. Evaluasi perawatan endodontik 9 bulan setelah trauma tidak menunjukkan komplikasi, namun terjadi diskolorasi gigi 2 bulan berikutnya. Kontrol lanjutan dilakukan setiap tahun selama 5 tahun, karena biasanya trauma luksasi belum menunjukkan masalah pada di tahun-tahun pertama. Kombinasi reposisi bedah dengan perawatan endodontik merupakan perawatan yang diperlukan untuk menangai kasus intrusi gigi pascatrauma pada gigi yang sudah tumbuh sempurna.

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This report presents the case of a 10-year-old girl who was referred to the Siloam Hospital Lippo Village (SLVH) Dental Clinic 6 days after sustaining a severe traumatism that led to intrusion of the maxillary central and lateral incisors. The intruded teeth were repositioned by using surgical reposition and splinted. Endodontic treatment was performed 3 weeks after repositioning. The root canals were rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl, then calcium hydroxide dressing was placed. Splint was removed after 3 months. Definitive root canal fillings were accomplished 6 months later. The result implied that endodontic treatment until 9 months showed no periodontal complication, but 2 months later the teeth were slightly discolored. Further follow up should be made yearly for at least 5 years, because luxation injuries frequently do not show problems initially. In this case, surgical repositioning combined with endodontic treatment is a viable alternative treatment for severe traumatic intrusion in mature permanent teeth."