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"Education at Home Affairs Governmental Studies Institute must be avoided from bureaucracy ilness, such as power orientation, centralization, uniformity, unproductiveness, and over bureaucracy. Change should be done related to the issues of moral , ethics, work ethics, religiosity spirit, science, physical and attitude in order to produce driving force to conduct various better changes inside it and surround its environment and needs to analyze and reviewed."

"The research purpose was to describe the succesulness of Realistic Mathematic Education Model which was based on the completion aspect of students' learning result, students' actively level, teacher's ability to manage learning, and students' response toward the model applied in this research. This research was conducted toward the third year students of SD Islam Terpadu which consist of 25 students. In gathering data, pen and paper test technique was used to measure students' achievement. Observation was done to know the students' activities and teacher's ability in manage learning. Questioner was also given to know the students' perceptions toward the model applied. Statistic and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the data. The research finding showed that the students' activities were not effective, while the teacher's ability in managing learning was effective. In the end, standard for students' achievement were not reached. On the other hand, students' responses toward the model applied were positive."

"Kapitalisme dan neoliberalisme telah menguasai norma dan mewujud dalam sistem pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia. Sebagai bukti, saat ini pendidikan cenderung mengarahkan mahasiswa untuk menjadi sumber daya yang akan dimanfaatkan dalam proses industrialisasi. Oleh karena itu, neoliberalisme dapat dianggap sebagai "isme" yang mempengaruhi sistem pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini dan berkontribusi pada ketimpangan kelas yang meningkat. Fenomena ini menjadi faktor utama dalam program pemagangan MBKM yang bersifat eksploitatif. Dalam program pemagangan MBKM, terdapat hambatan struktural karena dominasi korporasi terhadap mahasiswa pekerja magang yang signifikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan eksistensi program magang MBKM yang menghasilkan eksploitasi terhadap mahasiswa pekerja magang dianalisis dengan teori kriminologi kritis. Metode penulisan dari penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif kritis yang menyadari perlunya memperbaiki ketidaksetaraan dengan memberikan prioritas kepada kelompok yang paling terpinggirkan dalam masyarakat. Data diambil dari beberapa subyek mahasiswa pekerja magang yang menjadi korban eksploitasi dan kekerasan lainnya. Selain itu, data juga didapatkan dari pelaksana program MBKM, yaitu perguruan tinggi dan program studi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa pekerja magang memiliki posisi yang powerless sehingga timbulnya eksploitasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak berkuasa, seperti korporasi dan lembaga negara/pemerintah. Selain itu, kurangnya koordinasi yang efisien antara program studi, perguruan tinggi, dan pemerintah juga menjadi masalah. Hal ini mengakibatkan tidak adanya perlindungan hukum bagi mahasiswa pekerja magang secara teknis. Oleh karena itu, eksploitasi mahasiswa pekerja magang pada program pemagangan MBKM dianggap sebagai bentuk perbudakan modern. Perbudakan modern ini melibatkan pemanfaatan kekuasaan atau kerentanan, atau memberikan imbalan untuk persetujuan dari orang yang memiliki kontrol untuk tujuan eksploitasi.

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Capitalism and neoliberalism have dominated the norms and materialized within the higher education system in Indonesia. As evidence, the current education tends to direct students to become resources utilized in the process of industrialization. Therefore, neoliberalism can be considered an "ism" that influences the current education system in Indonesia and contributes to the increasing class inequality. This phenomenon becomes a significant factor in the exploitative nature of the MBKM internship program. In the MBKM internship program, there are structural barriers due to the significant corporate dominance over student interns. The purpose of this research is to describe the existence of the MBKM internship program that leads to the exploitation of student interns, analyzed through critical criminology theory. The research methodology employed is critical qualitative method, which acknowledges the need to address inequality by prioritizing the most marginalized groups in society. Data is collected from various student intern subjects who have experienced exploitation and other forms of violence. Additionally, data is obtained from the program implementers, namely colleges and study programs. The research findings indicate that student interns hold a powerless position, leading to exploitation by authoritative entities, such as corporations and government institutions. Furthermore, the lack of efficient coordination between study programs, colleges, and the government exacerbates the issue, resulting in a lack of technical legal protection for student interns. Consequently, the exploitation of student interns in the MBKM internship program is regarded as a form of modern slavery. This modern slavery involves the use of power or vulnerability and offers incentives to obtain consent from those who have control over the situation."

"This research was aimed to identify the characteristics of higher education service quality wanted by the students as the service users,to determine gaps between perceived quality and service quality at Airlangga University Surabaya...."

"Pembelajaran daring menjadi alternatif pembelajaran karena untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan yang terkendala oleh jarak maupun alasan efisiensi waktu. Selain itu pembelajaran kolaboratif semakin banyak dikembangkan sejak munculnya paradigma pembelajaran konstruktivisme. Teori konstruktivisme menyatakan bahwa pengalaman belajar dan interpretasi pengetahuan yang didapat sebelumnya menjadi konstruksi pengetahuan mendalam. Teori konstruksivisme sosial menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran terjadi melalui interaksi sosial yang kemudian diinternalisasi. Berdasarkan teori dan bentuk pembelajaran tersebut, pembelajaran kolaboratif daring menjadi alternatif model pembelajaran yang terus dikembangkan dengan menumbuhkan kesadaran metakognitif. Secara empirik pembelajaran dengan memanfaatkan aspek metakognitif telah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia, bahkan kurikulum nasional pun menjadikan metakognisi menjadi salah satu tujuan pembelajaran. Kemampuan metakognitif peserta didik biasanya dinilai pada saat proses pembelajaran menggunakan think aloud atau setelah pembelajaran dengan menggunakan wawancara maupun kuesioner. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi kemampuan metakognitif dengan menilai aktivitasnya menggunakan persepsi help-seeking sebelum proses pembelajaran. Kegiatan yang bersifat estimasi membutuhkan model. Model metakognitif ini berfungsi untuk mengestimasi kemampuan metakognitif.Kebutuhan help-seeking tidak hanya kebutuhan kognitif tetapi juga kebutuhan sosial untuk berkomunikasi dan berbagi dalam problem solving. Aktivitas help-seeking biasanya tergantung dari persepsi awalnya. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana persepsi help-seeking berkorelasi dengan aktivitas metakognitif. Kemudian jika peserta didik mendapatkan perlakuan tertentu dalam pembelajaran, apakah memungkinkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas help-seeking dan metakognitif serta hasil belajar. Sejauh mana perlakuan tambahan atau intervensi metakognitif terhadap proses pembelajaran akan meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran. Penelitian disertasi ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dan memberikan gambaran mengenai hubungan kedua faktor tersebut dengan membandingkan antara pra dan pasca intervensi sehingga gambaran tersebut dapat memprediksi aktivitas metakognitif dan frekuensi help-seeking berdasarkan persepsi help-seeking. Oleh sebab itu, model metakognitif dan help-seeking diperlukan untuk memenuhi tujuan tersebut.Data tentang persepsi help-seeking diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Data tentang aktivitas metakognitif dan frekuensi help-seeking juga diperoleh melalui kuesioner setelah responden diberikan tugas problem solving. Adapun data hasil pembelajaran didapat dari nilai hasil pekerjaan problem solving. Kedua data yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner memberikan hasil yang sangat beragam, oleh karena itu dilakukan proses klasterisasi untuk mengetahui tipe kecenderungannya. Korelasi data persepsi help-seeking dengan aktivitas metakognitif dan frekuensi help-seeking dapat diketahui dengan cara menghubungkan kedua data tersebut pada setiap responden. Hal ini juga dilakukan pada pasca intervensi, sehingga perubahan signifikan setelah diberikan intervensi dapat diketahui.Korelasi antara persepsi help-seeking dengan aktivitas metakognitif dan frekuensi help-seeking didapatkan dengan mengetahui hubungan masing-masing tipenya. Tipe persepsi help-seeking instrumental dan perceived benefit berkorelasi positif dengan aktivitas metakognitif individu maupun kelompok dan sebaliknya tipe persepsi help-seeking avoidance dan executive berkorelasi negatif. Dari semua tipe persepsi help-seeking hanya memberikan sedikit perubahan pada frekuensi non-human help-seeking dan tidak memberikan perubahan pada frekuensi human help-seeking. Namun setelah diberikan perlakuan intervensi, terjadi perubahan signifikan pada metakognitif individu dan kelompok maupun frekuensi non-human help-seeking tetapi tidak terjadi pada human help-seeking. Model matematis mengenai input berupa persepsi dan output berupa aktivitas metakognitif dan frekuensi help-seeking, dapat memberikan gambaran tentang korelasi persepsi help-seeking terhadap aktivitas metakognitif dan frekuensi help-seeking pada pra intervensi maupun pasca intervensi sehingga pemodelan tersebut dapat menjadi perangkat estimasi aktivitas metakognitif berdasarkan persepsi help-seeking.

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Online learning is an alternative learning because it is to meet educational needs which are constrained by distance and time efficiency reasons. In addition, collaborative learning has been increasingly developed since the emergence of the constructivism learning paradigm. Constructivism theory states that learning experiences and interpretations of previously acquired knowledge become in-depth knowledge constructs. Social constructivism theory states that learning occurs through social interaction which is then internalized. Based on these theories and forms of learning, online collaborative learning is an alternative learning model that continues to be developed by cultivating metacognitive awareness. Empirically learning by utilizing metacognitive aspects has been widely carried out in Indonesia, even the national curriculum has made metacognition one of the learning objectives. Students' metacognitive abilities are usually assessed during the learning process using think aloud or after learning using interviews or questionnaires. This study aims to estimate metacognitive abilities by assessing their activities using help-seeking perceptions prior to the learning process. Estimating activities require a model. This metacognitive model serves to estimate metacognitive abilities.

Help-seeking needs are not only cognitive needs but also social needs to communicate and share in problem solving. Help-seeking activities usually depend on initial perception. The question is how the perception of help-seeking correlates with metacognitive activity. Then if students get certain treatment in learning, is it possible to increase help-seeking and metacognitive activities and learning outcomes. The extent to which additional treatment or metacognitive intervention in the learning process will increase the effectiveness of learning. This dissertation research aims to answer and provide an overview of the relationship between the two factors by comparing pre- and post-intervention so that this description can predict metacognitive activity and help-seeking frequency based on help-seeking perceptions. Therefore, metacognitive and help-seeking models are needed to fulfill these goals.

Data on help-seeking perceptions were obtained through a questionnaire. Data on metacognitive activity and frequency of help-seeking were also obtained through questionnaires after the respondents were given problem solving assignments. The learning outcome data is obtained from the value of problem solving work results. The two data obtained through questionnaires gave very diverse results, therefore a clustering process was carried out to find out the type of trend. The correlation between help-seeking perception data and metacognitive activity and help-seeking frequency can be identified by correlating the two data for each respondent. This was also done post-intervention, so that significant changes after the intervention were given can be identified.

The correlation between perceptions of help-seeking and metacognitive activity and frequency of help-seeking is obtained by knowing the relationship between each type. Types of perceptions of instrumental help-seeking and perceived benefits are positively correlated with individual and group metacognitive activities and conversely types of perceptions of help-seeking avoidance and executive are negatively correlated. Of all the types of help-seeking perception, it only gives a slight change in the non-human help-seeking frequency and does not give a change in the human help-seeking frequency. However, after being given the intervention treatment, significant changes in individual and group metacognitive as well as the frequency of non-human help-seeking did not occur in human help-seeking. The mathematical model regarding input in the form of perception and output in the form of metacognitive activity and help-seeking frequency, can provide an overview of the correlation of help-seeking perceptions of metacognitive activity and help-seeking frequency in pre-intervention and post-intervention so that the modeling can be an estimation tool for metacognitive activity based on help-seeking perception."