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"Offers complete coverage of maxillofacial trauma highlighted by an unparalleled collection of outstanding, full-color photographs, and highly detailed line drawings that clarify surgical procedures. Addresses secondary surgery in a dedicated section, covering such topics as facial scar management; secondary osteotomies and bone grafting to correct deformities; bone distraction, used commonly with congenital malformations; secondary rhinoplasty for traumatic nasal deformities, which are associated with a variety of cosmetic and functional issues; secondary orbital surgery; facial nerve injuries; and psychological support for patient with facial trauma. Features an outstanding, full-color art program, with more than 750 color photos that cover all aspects of injury and treatment, and 250 color line drawings that walk you step by step through surgical procedures. Includes contributions from a "who's who" list of international experts in oral and maxillofacial surgery, psychology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and craniofacial surgery. Relates brain injury to the overall management of the face for both function and esthetics. Contains updated guidelines on facial fractures, expanded information on psychological problems following facial trauma, and a new chapter on pediatric trauma."

"Pendahuluan: Trauma maksilofasial akibat kecelakaan sepeda motor sering terjadi dan meningkat setiap tahunnya. Cranial Disruption Score (CDS), Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS), Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS), Facial Fracture Severity Score (FFSS), Zeeshan and Simon Model (Model ZS), dan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) merupakan indeks keparahan trauma maksilofasial dan tingkat kesadaran yang berguna untuk memberikan perawatan dan mendapatkan prognosis bagi pasien. Akan tetapi, hubungan faktor-faktor dalam kecelakaan sepeda motor yang mempengaruhi keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan indeks-indeks tersebut belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor dalam kecelakaan, yaitu pencahayaan, kecepatan berkendara, dan penggunaan helm, terhadap keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan indeks keparahan CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, dan GCS pasien trauma maksilofasial di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Kabupaten Tangerang periode Juni 2017 – Mei 2022. Metode: Studi dilakukan dengan menganalisis rekam medis bedah mulut di RSUD Kabupaten Tangerang periode Juni 2017 – Mei 2022. Hasil: Sebanyak 257 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diikutkan dalam studi ini. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) skor CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, dan GCS berdasarkan pencahayaan, kecepatan berkendara, dan penggunaan helm. Analisis multivariat menunjukan terdapat pengaruh (p<0,05) kecepatan berkendara dan penggunaan helm terhadap keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, dan GCS tetapi pengaruh pencahayaan hanya terlihat pada skor MFISS dan FISS (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan CDS, FFSS, Model ZS dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan dan penggunaan helm, tetapi tidak oleh pencahayaan. Keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan MFISS dan FISS dipengaruhi oleh pencahayaan, kecepatan, dan penggunaan helm, tetapi hubungan terbalik penggunaan helm dengan FISS

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Disruption Score (CDS), Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS), Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS), Facial Fracture Severity Score (FFSS), Zeeshan and Simon Model (ZS Model), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are indexes of severity maxillofacial trauma and level of consciousness that are useful for providing care and obtaining a prognosis for patients. However, the relationship between factors in motorcycle accidents that influence the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on these indices has never been studied before. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the factors involved in an accident, namely lighting, driving speed, and use of a helmet, on the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on the severity index of CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, and GCS in maxillofacial trauma patients at the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) ) Tangerang District for the period June 2017 – May 2022. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the medical records of oral surgery at the Tangerang District Hospital for the period June 2017 – May 2022. Results: A total of 257 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, and GCS scores based on lighting, driving speed, and helmet use. Multivariate analysis showed that there was an effect (p<0.05) of driving speed and helmet use on the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, and GCS but the effect of lighting was only seen on the MFISS and FISS scores (p<0, 05). Conclusion: Severity of maxillofacial trauma based on CDS, FFSS, ZS model is affected by speed and helmet use, but not by lighting. The severity of maxillofacial trauma based on MFISS and FISS is influenced by lighting, speed, and helmet use, but there is an inverse relationship between helmet use and FISS."

"Pendahuluan: Trauma maksilofasial dapat terjadi karena beberapa etiologi dan yang paling sering terjadi ialah trauma akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Pasien dengan trauma maksilofasial biasanya akan menjalani perawatan rawat inap dengan durasi yang lama berkaitan dengan rangkaian perawatan yang harus dilakukan. Terdapat beberapa sistem penilaian tingkat keparahan dari trauma yang terjadi yang sudah diperkenalkan dan digunakan, dan sistem penilaian Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) oleh Bagheri et al telah digunakan secara luas untuk menilai derajat keparahan cedera maksilofasial. Trauma maksilofasial dapat menjadi salah satu kondisi yang dapat berhubungan dengan cedera kranial, sehingga penilaian kesadaran perlu dilakukan. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) adalah sistem penilaian kesadaran pasien pasca trauma yang telah digunakan secara luas selama empat dekade terakhir. Namun, kemampuan kedua sistem penilaian tersebut dalam menunjukkan hubungan tingkat keparahan trauma dan tingkat kesadaran dengan lama rawat inap masih jarang digunakan dalam penelitian. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi indeks keparahan trauma maksilofasial menggunakan (FISS) dan tingkat kesadaran (GCS) dengan lama rawat inap pada pasien trauma maksilofasial di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari 2019 hingga Desember 2022. Metode: Studi restrospektif, menggunakan data sekunder dengan menganalisis rekam medis trauma maksilofasial semua rentang usia di IGD RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari 2019 hingga Desember 2022. Hasil dan pembahasan: Sebanyak 346 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diikutkan dalam studi ini. Analisis multivariat menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tiap kelompok secara statistik (p>0,05) antara skor FISS dengan lama rawat inap dan didapatkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara lama rawat inap dengan skor FISS (p > 0,05). Hubungan lama rawat inap dengan skor FISS menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan berpola positif, di mana semakin bertambah skor FISS, akan menambah lama rawat inap. Analisis multivariat juga menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tiap kelompok secara statistik (p>0,05) antara skor FISS dengan lama rawat inap dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama rawat inap dengan Nilai GCS (p > 0,05). Hubungan lama rawat inap dengan nilai GCS menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan berpola negatif di mana semakin berkurang nilai GCS, akan menambah lama rawat inap.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari skor FISS dan GCS terhadap lama rawat inap pasien.

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Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma can occur due to several etiologies and the most common is trauma due to traffic accidents. Patients with maxillofacial trauma will usually undergo inpatient treatment with a long duration due to the series of treatments. There are several trauma severity rating systems that have been introduced and used, and the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) rating system by Bagheri et al has been widely used to assess the severity of maxillofacial injuries. Maxillofacial trauma can be one of the conditions that can be associated with cranial injuries, so an assessment of consciousness needs to be done. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a system for assessing the consciousness of posttraumatic patients that has been widely used over the past four decades. However, the ability of the two scoring systems to show the relationship between trauma severity and level of consciousness with length of hospitalization is rarely used in research, Objective: To evaluate the index of severity of maxillofacial trauma using FISS and level of consciousness (GCS) with length of hospitalization in maxillofacial trauma patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from January 2019 to December 2022. Metode: Retrospective study, using secondary data by analyzing Maxillofacial Trauma medical records for all age ranges in the emergency room at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from January 2019 to December 2022. Result and Discussion: A total of 346 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between each group (p>0.05) between the FISS Score and length of hospitalization and there was no significant relationship between length of hospitalization and FISS Score (p>0.05). The relationship between length of hospitalization and FISS score shows a weak relationship and has a positive pattern, where the increasing FISS score will increase the length of hospitalization. Multivariate analysis also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between each group (p>0.05) between the FISS score and length of hospitalization and there was no significant relationship between length of hospitalization and GCS score (p>0.05). The relationship between the length of hospitalization and the GCS score shows a weak relationship and has a negative pattern, where the decreasing the GCS score, the longer the length of hospitalization. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the FISS and GCS scores on the patient's length of hospitalization."

""ABSTRAK"Insidensi trauma maksilofasial dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti: budaya, latar belakang penduduk, ekonomi, dan kepadatan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi kasus trauma maksilofasial yang terdapat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta RSUD Tarakan, RSUD Koja, RSUD Cengkareng, RSUD Budhi Asih, RSUD Pasar Rebo, RSKD Duren Sawit, RSUD Kepulauan Seribu . Ditemukan 957 pasien trauma maksilofasial dan 138 fraktur maksilofasial yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, penyebab dan lokasi fraktur. Kelompok usia 21-27 tahun adalah kelompok usia tertinggi dari trauma maksilofasial, jenis kelamin laki-laki 74,82 , Perempuan 25,18 dengan perbandingan 3:1. Penyebab trauma maksilofasial yang tertinggi adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas."

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""ABSTRACT"Incidence of maxillofacial trauma affected by several factors culture, population background, economical status, and population density. This study aimed to determine the incidence of maxillofacial trauma occured in the General Hospital of DKI Jakarta RSUD Tarakan, RSUD Koja, RSUD Cengkareng, RSUD Budhi Asih, RSUD Pasar Rebo, RSKD Duren Sawit, RSUD Kepulauan Seribu . There is 957 patient with maxillofacial trauma cases and 138 patients with maxillofacial fractures cases by age, sex, cause and location of fracture. The age group of 21 27 years old is the highest group of maxillofacial trauma found, male 74.82 , 25.18 women with a ratio of 3 1. The cause of maxillofacial trauma were highest traffic accident."

"As esthetic dentistry continues to grow in popularity, dentists are offered an opportunity to expand their practices and attract new patients. Esthetic Dentistry in Clinical Practice provides dentists with the skills to take advantage of that opportunity. Clearly outlining esthetic procedures, the book enables dentists to treat patients in an efficient and clinically sound manner, bringing esthetic dentistry to everyday practice."

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Latar belakang : Rekonstruksi defek jaringan tulang merupakan tantangan utama yang dihadapi ahli bedah mulut dan maksilofasial. Elemen dasar yang dibutuhkan dalam suatu rekayasa jaringan adalah sel, scaffold matriks serta molekul stimulan growth factors . Bagaimana sifat mekanik dari scaffold kitosan/hidroksiapatit/kolagen produksi BATAN, Jakarta, belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan : Menganalisa sifat mekanik scaffold kitosan/hidroksiapatit/kolagen produksi BATAN, Jakarta, sebelum dan setelah direndam dalam simulated body fluid selama 8 hari. Metode : Menyediakan scaffold komposit kitosan/hidroksiapatit/kolagen, kemudian merendam scaffold didalam simulated body fluid pada suhu 37 0C, selama 8 hari. Kemudian masing ndash; masing scaffold diangkat dan dikeringkan pada suhu ruang pada hari 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. Untuk diuji kekuatan tekan dan kekuatan tarik. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisa. Hasil : Variasi nilai kekuatan tekan dan kekuatan tarik dapat dihubungkan dengan beberapa hal , ukuran spesimen yang tidak seragam, komposisi scaffold, ukuran pori scaffold yang tidak sama dan adanya degradasi dari kandungan polimer. Kesimpulan : Scaffold kitosan/hidroksiapatit/kolagen tidak memiliki kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan tekan sebelum dan setelah perendaman masing ndash;masing hari dengan simulated body fluid.

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ABSTRACTBackground The reconstruction of bone tissue defect is a major challenge for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The basic elements needed in a tissue engineering is a cell, scaffold matrix and stimulant molecules growth factors . How mechanical properties the scaffold of chitosan hydroxyapatite collagen production BATAN, Jakarta, has never been in research. Purpose Analyze the mechanical properties the scaffold of chitosan hydroxyapatite collagen from BATAN, Jakarta, before and after immersion in simulated body fluid for 8 days. Method Provides a composite scaffold of chitosan hydroxyapatite collagen, then soaking the scaffold in SBF at 37 0 C, for 8 days. Then each scaffold is removed and dried at room temperature on the day of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. To test the compressive strength and tensile strength. The data obtained were processed and analyzed. Results Variations in the value of the compressive strength and tensile strength can be attributed to several things, the size of the specimen which is not the same, the composition of the scaffold, scaffold pore size is not the same and the degradation of the content polimer. Summary Scaffold chitosan hydroxyapatite collagen does not have differences the tensile strength and compressive strength before and after immersion with simulated body fluid."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Perubahan yang terjadi pasca bedah pada area wajah dan leherdapat menyebabkan perubahan fisik, yang termasuk didalamnya perubahanPenampilan Wajah dan Leher yang dapat mempengaruhi Quality of Life Pasien.Tujuan: Menilai perbedaan QOL antara pasien dengan kategori simetri jikadibandingkan dengan pasien kategori asimetri pada pasien pasca reseksimandibula dengan rekonstruksi pelat pada kasus ameloblastoma.Metode Penelitian: 20 subyek penelitian dilakukan penilaian QOL denganmenggunakan University of Washington Questionnaire (UW QOL) versi BahasaIndonesia yang telah dilakukan cross cultural adaptation serta memiliki 8 itempernyataan yang valid dengan nilai konsistensi Alpha Cronbach?s sebesar 0,817.Penilaian perubahan fisik dilakukan dengan menggunakan fotografi frontal ekstraoral dengan membuat kategori asimetri, dengan perhitungan asymmetry index danperhitungan pergeseran menton.Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan QOL yang signifikan antara pasien dengan kategoriasimetri wajah jika dibandingkan dengan pasien kategori simetri wajah padapasien pasca reseksi mandibula dengan rekonstruksi pelat. Pada pasien dengankategori simetri memiliki skor QOL yang lebih tinggi dibanding pasien dengankategori asimetri.Kesimpulan:Perubahan fisik pada wajah dan leher pasca reseksi bedah denganrekonstruksi pelat mempengaruhi penilaian QOL pasien.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Changes that occur after surgery on the face and neck area can becategorized into physical changes, which can affect the Quality of Life of Patients.This becomes important when the patient is a barometer of the success of theactions in the field of medicine.Purpose: Assess QOL differences between patients with asymmetry categorieswhen compared with patients categories symmetry in patients with post-resectionof mandibular reconstruction plate in the case of ameloblastoma.Methods: 20 subjects research conducted QOL assessment using the Universityof Washington Questionnaire (UW-QOL) Indonesian version that has been madecross-cultural adaptation and has 8 valid statement items and the value ofconsistency Cronbach's Alpha in point 0.817. Assessment of physical changesdone by using extra-oral photography frontal asymmetry by creating categories,with the calculation of the index and a shift asymmetry menton.Results: There were significant differences in QOL among patients withsymmetry categories compared with those categories of asymmetry in patientswith post-resection mandibular reconstruction plate. In patients with categorysymmetry has a higher QOL scores than patients with category symmetry.Conclusions: Physical changes in the face and neck after surgical resection withreconstruction plate affect patient QOL assessment."