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"This book consists of two sections. The first section focused on the rise of Hamas as the most important and popular group in Palestine especially after the general elections of 2006. Using social movement theories as the framework for analysis, this section seeks to investigate the causes and consequences of the rise of Hamas. It is examined the causes of the continuing rise of Hamas by looking especially at the views and strategies of the Muslim Brotherhood as a mother organization of Hamas in Palestine that has been involved in the Arab - Israeli conflict since 1936. The second section examines Indonesian foreign policy on the Arab - Israeli conflict. This conflict has been concerned by the Government of Indonesia since Indonesian independence because of two reasons: firstly, a domestic sentiment especially coming from Indonesian Muslim; and secondly, the involvement of the major powers in the world in this conflict. The government response to the conflict is based on the views that Israel has occupied Palestinian territory illegally. Indonesia also has supported Palestinian independence state. However, how the regimes have realized this policy in the history of Indonesian foreign policy on this conflict is not similar. The differences are shaped by domestic politics and international considerations."

"pages 513-530"

"This book examines the changes in Indonesian foreign policy during the 21st century as it seeks to position itself as a great power in the Indo-Pacific region.The rise of 21st-century Indonesia is becoming a permanent fixture in both the domestic and global discourses. Though there has been an increasing level of discussion on Indonesia’s emerging power status, there has been little discussion on how the country is debating and signalling its new-found status. This book combines the insights of both neo-classical realism and social identity theory to discuss a reset in an emerging Indonesia’s foreign policy during the 21st century while emphasizing domestic drivers and constraints of its international behaviour. There are three key organizing components of the book – emerging power, status signalling and the Indo-Pacific region. The Indo-Pacific region constitutes a spatial framing of the book; the emerging power provides an analytical category to explain Indonesia’s changing international status; and status signalling explains multiple facets of international behaviour through which the country is projecting its new status. Though leaders are adding different styles and characteristics to the rising Indonesia narrative, there are a few unmistakable overarching trends that highlight an increasing correlationbetween the country’s rising power and growing ambition in international behaviour. This book is built around four key signalling strategies of Indonesia as an emerging power – expanded regional canvas, power projection, leadership projection, and quest for great power parity. They represent Indonesia’s growing desire for a status-consistent behaviour, its response to the prevailing strategic uncertainty in the Indo-Pacific region and its attempt to advance its strategic interests.This book will be of much interest to students of South-East Asian politics, strategic studies, international diplomacy, security studies and IR in general."

"Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia muncul sejak prinsip Bebas Aktif diperkenalkan melalui pidato Mohammad Hatta. Mulai era otoriter hingga demokrasi, kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia telah mengalami berbagai dinamika perumusan di tingkat domestik dan pengimplementasiannya di tingkat regional maupun global. Sejak tulisan Hatta dimuat di Foreign Affairs (1953), sejumlah literatur telah mengkaji dinamika kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia. Setelah 70 tahun berlalu, perkembangan kajian kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia memerlukan peninjauan melalui tinjauan pustaka. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau perkembangan literatur mengenai kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia. Tulisan ini meninjau 55 literatur terakreditasi internasional mengenai kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia. Berdasarkan pada metode taksonomi, literatur-literatur tersebut dibagi ke dalam lima kategori tematis yang terdiri atas (1) Prinsip Bebas Aktif dalam kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, (2) cara pandang kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, (3) aktivisme kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, (4) Islam dalam kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, dan (5) demokrasi dalam kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, serta kategori lain yang berisi literatur-literatur bertema selain yang telah disebutkan. Tinjauan pustaka ini berupaya untuk menyingkap konsensus, perdebatan, dan kesenjangan dalam topik ini. Selain itu, tulisan ini turut menunjukkan sejumlah tren dalam pengkajian kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia seperti persebaran tema, persebaran asal penulis, serta tren perspektif. Tinjauan pustaka ini mengidentifikasi bahwa aktivisme regional Indonesia merupakan tema paling dominan dalam pengkajian kebijakan luar negeri, sementara Realisme merupakan perspektif paling dominan. Tinjauan juga menggarisbawahi dominasi tulisan argumentatif dalam pengkajian kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia. Tulisan ini kemudian merekomendasikan sejumlah agenda penulisan lanjutan dan menggarisbawahi pentingnya melakukan diversifikasi ragam perspektif, dengan penekanan pada penggunaan perspektif pascapositivisme.

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Indonesia’s foreign policy has been emerged since Bebas Aktif was first introduced on Mohammad Hatta’s speech. Since the authoritarian until the democratic era, Indonesia has experienced the dynamics of its policy-making and policy-implementing in the regional and global landscape. Since Hatta’s writing was published in Foreign Affairs (1953), numbers of literatures have captured the dynamics of the country’s foreign policy. About 70 years after, the development of the literatures on the academic realm now needs to be reviewed using the literature review. This paper aims to review the development of Indonesia’s foreign policy literatures. It reviews 55 internationally accredited literatures about Indonesia’s foreign policy. Based on taxonomy method, the literatures will be divided into five theme-based categories which consist of (1) Bebas Aktif as the foundation of Indonesia’s foreign policy, (2) Indonesia’s foreign policy worldview, (3) Indonesia’s foreign policy activism, (4) Islam in Indonesia’s foreign policy, and (5) democracy in Indonesia’s foreign policy, alongside another grouping consisting of literatures aside the aforementioned themes. The literature review seeks to unveil the conventional wisdoms, the debates, and the gaps of this topic. Besides, it also seeks to show some trends in the writing of Indonesia’s foreign policy such as the distribution of its themes, distribution of the authors’ origin, and the paradigmatic trend. The literature review identifies that Indonesia’s activism in the region is the most dominant theme in the literatures of Indonesia’s foreign policy, while Realism is the most dominant perspective used by the literatures. The review also highlights the dominance of argumentative paper in the writing of Indonesia’s foreign policy. It then recommends some proposed further researches and highlights the need to diversify the perspectives with emphasis on the post-positivist ones."

"Arab Saudi adalah negara yang memiliki keunggulan geografis. Letak strategis dan sumber daya alam minyak merupakan aspek yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap politik luar negeri Arab Saudi. Untuk itu, sebagai negara bangsa sudah seharusnya Arab Saudi memahami faktor geopolitik yang dimilikinya untuk mewujudkan city-vita dan tujuan nasional serta mempertahankan kehidupan dan eksistensinya. Fokus perhatian dari geopolitik adalah hubungan dan peranan aspek kebumian dengan politik luar negeri yang dijalankan oleh suatu negara.Untuk menganalisis geopolitik Arab Saudi, digunakan teori geopolitik yang dikemukakan oleh Mackinder, yaitu teori Heartland (wilayah jantung). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh geopolitik Arab Saudi dalam mengakhiri konflik Arab-Israel dan langkah-langkah yang ditempuh dalam proses perdamaian tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penyusunan tesis ini adalah paradigms kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, bahwa Arab Saudi yang secara geopolitik memiliki kemampuan dan kekuatan yang signifikan, berupaya melakukan penyelesaian konfhk Arab-Israel yang masih berlangsung sampai penelitian Mi dilakukan. Arab Saudi secara geopolitik memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik dalam penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi antara Arab-Israel. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan embargo minyak dan pengajuan proposal damai.

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Saudi Arabia is a country who has geography excellent. The strategic location and oil of natural resources are aspects that influence to Saudi's foreign policy, therefore, as a nation-state, Saudi Arabia have to understand about his geopolitics aspect to create ambition and the national goal to hold the life and its existences. Attention focus of geopolitics is relationship and role earth aspects towards foreign policy of a state.For analyzing the geopolitics of Saudi Arabia used Mackinder's Heartland concept. The purpose of research for knowing the influence of geopolitics of Saudi Arabia in reconciliation in the middle east by knowing the action of Saudi Arabia in ending the Arab-Israel conflict and the taken strides for processing the mentioned reconciliation. Methodology that used in this research is qualitative paradigm with case study approach.Conclusion of this thesis is Saudi Arabia in geopolitics owns capabilities and significant strength, try to make settlement of Arab-Israeli conflict which is going on this thesis doing. Saudi Arabia in geopolitics has a good enough capability in settling the conflict between Arab-Israeli. Some expedients has been done is oil embargo and proposing peace initiative."