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"This review of recent developments in our understanding of the ways microbes can enhance sustainable agriculture and biotechnology covers a topic with enormous untapped potential to replace fossil fuel-based chemical products and fix soil pollutants."

"Acanthamoeba merupakan amoeba yang umumnya ditemukan di lingkungan dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi serius pada otak, paru-paru atau mata. Salah satu infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Acanthamoeba adalah keratitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa FKUI mengenai diagnosis dan tatalaksana keratitis Acanthamoeba ditinjau dari karakterisik mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional, yang dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner pada 107 mahasiswa tingkat I-III yang menggunakan lensa kontak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan, terhitung mulai tanggal 26 Januari 2013 sampai 24 Juni 2013. Sebanyak 86,7% responden memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang, sementara 13,3% memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup, 0% memiliki pengetahuan yang baik. Analisis Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan jenis kelamin responden (p=0,402), namun terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan (kuliah tingkat 1 dan 2 dengan mahasiswa tingkat 3) pengetahuan tentang keratitis Acanthamoeba (p=0,003). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan tidak berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin responden, namun berhubungan bermakna dengan pengetahuan tentang keratitis. Maka dari itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengetahui strategi yang baik untuk memperbaiki perilaku tersebut.

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Acanthamoeba is a microscopic amoeba commonly found in the environment and may cause serious infections in the brain, lungs, or eyes. One of the infections that caused by Acanthamoeba is keratitis. This study aims to determine the level of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI) students’ knowledge about the diagnosis and management Acanthamoeba infections. This study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted at FMUI. The research was carried out within a period of 6 months, starting on January 26, 2013 until June 24, 2013, with a sample of 107 students FKUI level I-III who are using contact lenses. 86.7% of respondents had poor knowledge, while 13.3% had moderate knowledge, 0% had good knowledge. Chi-square analysis showed that there was no sigficant relationship between the level of knowledge and the sex of the respondent (p = 0.402), while there was significant relationship between the level of education (college level 1 and 2 with level 3 students) with knowledge of Acanthamoeba infections (p=0,003). These results indicate that the level of knowledge was not associated with respondent gender, but significantly associated with knowledge of keratitis. Therefore further research is required to know a good strategy to correct the behavior."

"The antimicrobial effects of rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic microorganisms were evaluated. Pyroligneous acid (PA) and concentrated pyroligneous acid (CPA) showed parious levels of antimocrobial activity against 14 speciest of microorganisms (10 species of bacteria, 2 species of yeasts and 2 species of fungi) with bacteria, as the most suscaptible miicroorganisms. The bio-active component(s) of PA was isolated using dichloromethane as the extraction solvent (resulted in DCM A) and also an acid - base treatment to DCM A (resulted in DCM B) which was believed to contain all the valuable phenolic compounds in PA . Antimicrobial screening on DCM A and DCM B showed significant activity againts all the microorganisms tested. DCM B was further subjected to MIC/MLC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Lethal Concentration) and SEM studies. The results showed that bacteria were the most susceptible againts DCM B with MIC/MLC value of 1.6-3. 1/3. 1-6.3 mg ml, while yeasts and fungi shared the same MIC/MLC value of 3.1/6.3 mg ml. The SEM study revealed that in addition of inhibiting the growth of the microorganisms, DCM B also caused severe morphological alterations on the cells of the microorganisms in which it was suggested that cell lysis and death had taken place."