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"Pendidikan lingkungan hidup mengandung materi konservasi alam. Penyampaian materi konservasi alam dapat dengan metode pengajaran karyawisata dan kawasan konservasi alam sebagai media pendidikan. Dalam pelajaran Biologi di SMA terdapat materi konservasi alam. Masalah di sini adalah SMA-SMA di Kabupaten Ciamis kurang memanfaatkan Taman Wisata Pananjung Pangandaran, Kabupaten Ciamis sebagai media pendidikan melalui metode karyawisata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pelaksanaan metode pengajaran karyawisata dan pemanfaatan Taman Wisata Pananjung Pangandaran sebagai media pendidikan pada SMA di Kabupaten Ciamis, sehubungan dengan itu maka bagaimanakah sikap siswa SMA tersebut terhadap konservasi alam. Hipotesisnya adalah: (1) ada hubungan antara jurusan Al, A2 dan A3 di SMA dengan sikap siswa terhadap konservasi alam: (2) ada hubungan antara metode pengajaran karyawisata ke kawasan konservasi alam dengan sikap siswa terhadap konservasi alam: (3) ada hubungan antara asal SMA dengan sikap siswa terhadap konservasi alam.;Disain penelitiannya adalah disain survei analitis dan studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah purposive sampling. Teknik pengambilan datanya menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, pengamatan. SMA yang diteliti adalah SMAN 2 Ciamis dan SMAN Pangandaran. Pengolahan data statistiknya dengan program komputer SPSS/PC+. Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji Chi--square, diperkuat dengan nilai C Cramer dan nilai Lambda dari Goodman dan Kruskal.;Pertanyaan penelitian pertama yaitu bagaimanakah pelaksanaan metode pengajaran karyawisata dan penggunaan Taman Wisata Pananjung Pangandaran sebagai media pendidikan pada SMA di Kabupaten Ciamis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah di SMAN Pangandaran dan SMAN 2 Ciamis dijumpai ada guru bidang studi yang berkelebihan jumlahnya dan ada guru yang tidak berkompeten untuk mengajar suatu bidang studi. keadaan ini ditambah dengan kurangnya sarana pendidikan membuat guru cenderung menggunakan metode pengajaran ceramah. Karyawisata umumnya dilakukan di kelas II atau III. Yang banyak memanfaatkan Taman Wisata Pananjung Pangandaran adalah guru dan siswa jurusan A2 atau Bjologi. Taman Wisata Pananjung Pangandaran sehenarnya dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua jurusan di SMA (Al, A2. A3 dan A4).;Pertanyaan penelitian kedua adalah bagaimanakah sikap siswa SMA tersebut terhadap konservasi alam. Kesimpulan yang ditarik adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap siswa terhadap konservasi alam dengan jurusan di SMA, dengan keikutsertaan siswa dalam karyawisata. dengan asal SMA siswa. Tidak adanya hubungan tersebut disebabkan oleh penerapan metode yang sama bagi materi yang sama. selain itu juga disebabkan faktor-faktor di luar pendidikan SMA. Faktor-faktor tersebut berupa keadaan ekonomi keluarga, perhatian keluarga kepada siswa. media Massa. Pengetahuan siswa tentang konservasi alam pada umumnya cukup baik. Umumnya siswa berpendapat bahwa pembangunan dan konservasi alam itu sama pentingnya, dan konservasi alam tidak dapat ditunda lagi, mereka mendukung pelaksanaan pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan.;Daftar Kepustakaan: 43 (1967 - 1989);

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Environmental education contains natural conservation material. Natural conservation material can be taught through a field-trip method and the natural conservation area as the educational media. Natural conservation material is also taught at SMA's (Senior High Schools). The subjects in this writing are Senior High Schools (SMA) at Kabupaten Ciamis. They rarely used Pananjung Pangandaran Recreational Park at Kabupaten Ciamis as educational media through a field-trip method. These research objectives were known how a field-trip method were done with Pananjung Pangandaran Recreational Park as educational media by the Senior High Schools (SMA) at Kabupaten Ciamis. and in connection with this, how SMA student's attitudes toward natural conservation were. The hypothesis were: (1) Al (Physics). A2 (Biology). A3 (Social).

programs at SMA have association with student's attitudes toward natural conservation: (2) a field-trip method has association with student's attitudes toward natural conservation: (3) origin schools (SMA) has association with student's attitudes toward natural conservation.

These research designs were analytical survey and case study. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data have been collected by questionnaires, interview, and observation. The research object schools were SMAN Pangandaran and SMAN 2 Ciamis. The data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+. The hypothesis were tested by Chi-square test. and were supported by C Cramer's value and Lambda value from Goodman - Kruskal.

The first research question was how a field-trip method has been done with Pananjung Pangandaran Recreational Park as educational media by the SMA at Kabupaten Ciamis. At both schools. the amount of teachers who taught the same subject study exceed the needs. and some others weren't competent to teach certain subject studies. Both schools didn't have sufficient educational facilities. Both conditions made the teachers tend to use a lecture method. A field-trip method usually was done in the second and third grade. A2 (Biology) program utilized Pananjung Pangandaran Recreational Park for education more than other programs. The Pananjung Pangandaran Recreational Park can be used by Al (Physic). A2 (Biology), A3 (Social) and A4 (Languages) programs.

The second research question was how SMA student's attitudes toward natural conservation were. There were no association between student's attitudes toward natural conservation with Al (Physics). A2 (Biology), A3 (Social) programs at SMA, with a field-trip method. and with origin schools (SMA). This Condition was caused by the same methods application for the same materials, student's family economical condition. family attention toward students. and mass media. Student's natural conservation knowledge generally were good enough. Generally students thought the natural conservation as important as t development, and natural conservation can not be put off, and;they supported sustainable development realization.

References: 43 {1967 - 1989)"

"During the past thirty years Sumatra has undergone the highest deforestation rate in all of Indonesia. This is the result of the Indonesian forest management that mainly focuses on wood exploitation. In addition, the high rate of human settlements and unplanned development has accelerated the conversion of forests into palm plantations, rubber, coffee, tea and other crops. These conversions will ultimately decrease the biodiversity of Sumatra, therefore it is very important than effective conservation areas be placed to conserve the biodiversity of Sumatra.This thesis is a compilation of two scientific papers entitled 1) The Decrease of Ecosystem Types and Its Representation in Conservation Areas of Sumatra and 2) Development, Distribution. and Management of Conservation Areas in Sumatra. The first paper discusses the causes of the area decrease of each ecosystem types and its representation in conservation areas and also to give recommendations if whether an ecosystem type is not represented. The second paper discuses area development and distribution of conservation areas in Sumatra from 1967-2000; analyses the level of management in conservation areas from the point of view of regional autonomy in governance, funding and human resources. Gap analysis and descriptive methods were use to asses ecosystem types that are currently represented in conservation area. Data is compiled from a variety of resources, mostly from competent institution, such as Dept. of Forestry, Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of Transmigration, State Office of The Ministry of Environment, and Central Biro of Statistics and non-government organizations (CIFOR, CI-IP, WWF, Wetland International, Birdlife, Walhi, and other local NGO's).The main causes of degradation and shrinkage of ecosystems in Sumatra are illegal logging, extensive transmigration, illegal mining, plantations, and forest fires, The Sumatran ecosystems can be divided into 15 types, One of them-the heath forests has not been represented in any conservation areas. Seven types of ecosystem have less than 10% representation in conservation areas. They are: semi-evergreen rainforest (1 %), ironwood forests (2%), peat swamp forest (2%), mangrove forests (4%), lowland evergreen rainforest (5%), freshwater swamp forests (6%), and tropical pine forest (7%). Six other ecosystems that are represented adequately (more than 10%) are: mountain moist forest (14%), lowland limestone forests (15%); sandy-beach forests (15%) sub alpine forest (21%), limestone mountain forests (29 %), and coral reefs (30%). There is one ecosystem not discussed (rivers and lakes) because of the lack of data and information. Ecosystems that aren't adequately represented in conservation areas are mostly in low land forest; these regions have in fact undergone deforestation and conversions. Adding conservation areas for these ecosystems can be done by legislating already existing conservation area proposals.The development of conservation area management in Sumatra is towards the making of National Parks, which encompasses 75% (3.430.390 ha) of the total conservation areas (4.567.750 ha). Besides of being large, in area wise, national parks have more funding and human resources. Parks also accommodate the various functions of conservation areas. Judging from its size, more than 81% (3.699.878 ha) of the total conservation areas in Sumatra are small (less than 50.000 ha) which spreads over low land areas, The distribution of conservation areas in Sumatra is 60% (2.653.000 ha) on high land areas.Sumatra's national parks are funded averagely below parks in Java. Parks in Sumatra are run at an average of Rp 2.500 per hectare, where else in Java, it is Rp 37.000 per hectare. The same situation applies to ratio of land to human resources. In Sumatra one forest service employee must cover 3.500 hectares of park area, meanwhile in Gunung Gede Pangranggo National Park (Java) one employee has to cover 158 hectares. Noting the various problems in Sumatra such as illegal settlements, illegal logging, illegal cattle herding, poaching, forest fires and etc. the current condition is far from adequate. Even with limited funding, by utilizing management systems like ICDP (Integrated Community Development Project), IPAS (Integrated Protected Areas System) or Ecosystem Management, the goals of conservation will hopefully be reached."

"ABSTRACTWhale Shark (Rhincodon typus) is one of the marine fishes that commonly make transnational migration. Whale sharks that were tagged in Australia were known to do a migration pattern crossing the state of East Timor and the Indonesia especially to the F [ores Sea. According to red list IUCN, a world conservation organisation, the whale shark is categorized as Vulnerable and put in Appendix II CITES. While in CMS (Conservation of Migratory Species), this species is classified in Appendix I (Reserved). Several countries in the world such as Australia, Honduras, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Mexico, Taiwan, the Maldives, southern Africa and Indonesia have determined the conservation status of these fish as fully protected. This paper describes some aspects of eco biology, utilization and management of these fish in several countries as well as the review on the conservation and management of whale sharks in Indonesia."