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"Investors are provided with two main categories of investment alternatives, financial investment and real investment. Real investments include investment in real assets such as real estates, land, machines, and others. These real assets represent productive capacity of economy. On the other hand, financial investments include investments in financial assets such as stocks or bonds. These financial assets contribute to the productive capacity of economy indirectly since they allow separation of ownership and transfer of funds among market players. While the real economy creates wealth by producing goods and services, financial dimension does so by bearing, trading, and managing risks. Financial assets and the markets in which they trade thus play crucial roles in emerging and developed economies.

As these economies continue to grow, structural shifts in financial markets are taking place and profoundly altering the nature of wealth from corporate to retail investment. Investment players are no longer dominated by large corporations. The most popular phenomenon of retail financial investment is the emergence of mutual funds. Mutual funds are pool of investors money. They invest in ways specified in their prospectuses and issue shares to investors entitling them to a pro rata portion of the income generated by the funds Important factors contributing to the popularity mutual funds are their simplicities along with other attributes providing great benefits to investors with limited knowledge, time, or money.

One new concept that has not been quite popular in Indonesia is fund of funds. Fund of funds is a mutual fund which invests in other mutual funds. Just as a mutual fund invests in a number of different securities, a fund of funds holds shares of many different mutual funds. These funds were designed to achieve even greater diversification than mutual funds, known as double diversification advantage. Fund of funds has proven to be an attractive investment alternative in a number of developed countries. However, this concept has not been popular amongst investors in Indonesian market. This thesis aims to explore whether the concept of fund of funds can be applied to diversify mutual funds traded in Indonesian markets in order that investors may benefit from double diversification New fund of funds portfolio are to be developed for each class of fund, comprising highest performing mutual funds as measured by Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen, and Appraisal Ratio measurement. Performance of the newly constructed fund of funds is then compared with that of corresponding market proxy and the highest performing individual mutual fund. Observations are limited to fixed income funds, equity funds, and balanced funds actively traded in Indonesian market for the period December 2000-June 2005. Money market fund is not covered in this thesis.

This research concludes that pooling of these high performing mutual funds into fund of funds may provide even greater diversification, called double diversification. Double diversification is reflected in increase in risk adjusted return of the newly constructed fund of funds. Through improved Sharpe Index, fund of funds has proven to increase risk adjusted return. Therefore, it can be concluded that fund of funds reduces the risk even further through the diversification of already diversified mutual funds, thus providing double diversification advantage.

For Fixed Income Fund of Funds (FFF), optimum portfolio is reached by investing 3.84% in Indovest Dana Obligasi, 94.21% in Panin Dana Uta.ma, and 1.95% in Jisawi Mix. FFF demonstrates highest Sharpe among individual fixed income funds being observed. This number beats that of the highest performing individual funds, Panin Dana Utama. For Equity Fund of Funds (EFF), optimum portfolio is reached by investing 36.14% in Phinisi Dana Saham, 25.32% in Rencana Cerdas, 32.13% in Bira Dana Saham, 3.48% in Bahana Dana Prima, and 2.93% in Panin Dana Maksima EFF demonstrates highest Sharpe among individual equity funds being observed. This number beats that of the market as well as the most performing individual funds, Phinisi Dana Saham. For Balanced Fund of Funds (BFF), optimum portfolio is attained by investing 0.78% in Niaga Kombinasi Seri A, 0.31% in Schroder Dana Prestasi, 0.25% in MeesPierson Finas Investa Pesona, 98.22% in Dana Unggul Investasi Terpercaya, and 0.44% in Sam Dana Berkembang. BFF demonstrates highest Sharpe among individual balanced funds being observed. This number beats that of the market as well as the most performing individual funds, Dana Unggul Investasi Terpercaya Eventually, all these funds are combined altogether to form Combined Fund of Funds (CFF). Optimum portfolio is reached by investing 0.55% in Indovest Dana Obligasi, 6.40% in Panin Dana Utama, 0.13% in Phinisi Dana Saham, 0.13% in Rencana Cerdas, 0.37% in Bira Dana Saham (SiDana Saham), 1.29% in Schroder Dana Prestasi, 0.57% in MeesPierson Investa Pesona, and 90.56% in Dana Unggul Investasi Terpercaya CFF (comprising fixed income funds, equity funds, and balanced funds) demonstrates highest Sharpe among all individual funds being observed. This number beats that of the market as well as the most performing individual funds, Dana Unggul Investasi Terpercaya which falls under balanced funds category.

Therefore, the concept of Fund of Funds can be taken into considerations when it comes to investment decision since this investment alternative has been proven to be profitable. However, careful attention must be given to government regulation that until now still has not covered Fund of Funds. In addition, careful attention must also be given to the mutual funds selection. Mutual funds selection must take into account the macroeconomic factors since returns of various investment instruments are highly dependent upon macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, inflation, exchange rate, and fiscal policy."

"Keterbatasan pengetahuan dan waktu yang dimiliki investor menjadikan instrumen reksa dana terutama reksa dana saham sebagai salah satu instrumen investasi yang diminati investor. Dengan pencapaian return yang tinggi, reksa dana saham tetap memiliki risiko yang melekat. Tesis ini membahas mengenai bagaimana mengukur dan mengevaluasi kinerja reksa dana saham periode 2003- 2007 untuk mendapatkan reksa dana saham yang berkinerja outperformed. Dari reksa dana saham tersebut kemudian dibentuk portofolio optimal untuk mendiversifikasikan risiko.Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja reksa dana saham yaitu Sharpe Measure, Treynor Measure, Jensen Measure, dan Appraisal Ratio. Karena rangking kinerja yang dihasilkan masing-masing metode berbeda maka diperlukan scoring dengan menggunakan data envelopment analysis (DEA) sedangkan untuk pembentukan portofolio optimal digunakan metode efficient frontier Markowitz.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari reksa dana saham yang berkinerja outperformed hanya empat produk reksa dana saham yang dapat membentuk portofolio optimal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi bagi investor yang ingin menanamkan dananya pada reksa dana saham namun investor tetap perlu melakukan pengawasan terhadap portofolionya karena kinerja sekarang tidak menentukan kinerja yang sama di masa yang akan datang.

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Limitation of knowledge and time that investors have makes mutual fund especially equity mutual fund becoming an interesting instruments for investors. Equity mutual fund has high risk, even though it proceeds high return.This research applies Sharpe Measure, Treynor Measure, Jensen Measure, and Appraisal Ratio to measure performance of equity mutual fund in 2003-2007. Since the results from those methods give different performance rating, this research applies data envelopment analysis for scoring. For constructing the optimal portfolio, it applies Markowitz?s efficient frontier.The results show that among of the outperformed mutual fund, only four of them are the component of optimal portfolio. This research could be used as a reference for investors who want to invest their fund in equity mutual fund, but they have to routinely evaluate their portfolio since present performance does not guarantee future performance."

"Karya akhir ini membahas tentang pembentukan portofolio optimal fund of funds dengan menggunakan tcori portofolio markowitz pada aset pembentuk reksadana saham, reksadana campuran, dan indeks sektoral di Ledonesia dan pengukuran kinerjanya menggunakan sharpe ratio. Penelitian ini adalah kombinasi dari penelitian kuantitatit dan kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan babwa konsep fund of funds lebih tepat diaplikasikan sebagi suatu strategi untuk berinvesiasi karena berdasarkan uji hipotesa Ho tidak ditolak

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Focus of this final report is creating an optimal portfolio's based on Markowitz Portfolio Theory using underlying asset Indonesian mutual fund (equity fund and mixed fund) and sectoral indices, and also to measure its performance using sharpe ratio. This thesis is a combination of quantitative and qualitative method. From testing hypothesis in this research, writer has found out that fund of funds concept applied better as an investment strategy because the test result's not rejected."

"Untuk memodelkan data cacah atau count data, model regresi yang biasa digunakan adalah model regresi Poisson. Model regresi Poisson mengasumsikan mean pada variabel respon sama dengan variansinya atau dikenal dengan istilah equidispersion. Apabila regresi Poisson digunakan untuk kondisi selain equidispersion, yaitu overdispersion dan underdispersion, maka nilai standard error dari estimasi parameter model menjadi tidak konsisten. Salah satu alternatif model regresi untuk mengatasi overdispersion maupun underdispersion adalah model regresi double Poisson. Model regresi double Poisson mengasumsikan variabel respon berdistribusi double Poisson. Distribusi double Poisson diperoleh menggunakan definisi dari keluarga distribusi double eksponensial. Parameter pada model regresi double Poisson diestimasi menggunakan metode maksimum likelihood dan solusi dari persamaan log-likelihoodnya diselesaikan menggunakan metode numerik Newton-Raphson. Penerapan model regresi double Poisson pada data kepiting tapal kuda menunjukan bahwa hanya variabel weight yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap banyak kepiting satelit yang berkerumun ke sarang kepiting tapal kuda betina. Selain itu, interpretasi dari model regresi double Poisson juga serupa dengan model regresi Poisson sebab keduanya menggunakan fungsi penghubung log.

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To model count data, the most commonly used regression model is the Poisson regression model. The Poisson regression model assumes that the mean of the response variable is equal to the variance, also known as equidispersion. If Poisson regression is used for conditions other than equidispersion, namely overdispersion and underdispersion, then the standard error value of the estimated model parameters becomes inconsistent. One of the alternative regression models to overcome overdispersion and underdispersion is the double Poisson regression model. The double Poisson regression model assumes that the response variable has a double Poisson distribution. The double Poisson distribution is obtained using the definition of the double exponential distribution family. The parameters in the double Poisson regression model were estimated using the maximum likelihood method and the solutions of the log-likelihood equation were solved using the Newton-Raphson numerical method. The application of the double Poisson regression model to the horseshoe crab data shows that only the variable weight has a significant effect on the number of satellite crabs swarming to the nests of female horseshoe crabs. In addition, the interpretation of the double Poisson regression model is also similar to the Poisson regression model because both use a log link function."

"This research studies the international co-movement among Asia Pacific emerging markets stock price indices during the late 2000s recession by using the monthly observations start from 1st October 2001 until 1st April 2011. The co-integration analysis and parsimonious Vector Error Correction Model employed in this research reveal a long-term relationship and interdependencies among seven Asia Pacific emerging market stock price indices. This research finds that the unique co-integation exists on the equations. Specifically, two indices from China and Taiwan having meteor shower potential while the rest indices from Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia are known to have heat waves effects or country specific factors on the equation. Finally, all the results are linked to the international diversification strategies."

"Reksa dana syariah muncul di Indonesia pada tahun 1997 dan menjadi instrumen investasi favorit bagi investor. Reksa dana syariah memiliki pertumbuhan yang cepat dalam TNA sebesar 285,40% dari 2013 hingga 2018 yang lebih unggul dari reksa dana konvensional dengan pertumbuhan hanya 157,17% di dalam periode yang sama. Reksa dana syariah juga berkembang pesat di negara dengan mayoritas penduduk Muslim serta negara yang memiliki sistem keuangan syariah yang maju, bahkan mampu mengungguli kinerja dari reksa dana konvensional dan benchmark. Meskipun mayoritas penduduk Indonesia adalah Muslim, reksa dana syariah tidak memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan reksa dana konvensional di pasar Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga membahas terkait asosiasi antara fund-flow dengan kinerja untuk reksa dana kovensional dan syariah berjenis saham dan campuran. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa di pasar Indonesia, fund-flow dan kinerja berhubungan negatif dan convex positif.

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Islamic mutual funds emerge in Indonesia since 1997 and become a favourite investment instruments for investors. Islamic mutual funds have a rapid growth in TNA of 285.40% from 2013 to 2018 which is superior to conventional mutual funds with growth of only 157.17% in the same period. Islamic mutual funds are also growing rapidly in countries with Muslim populations and countries that have advanced Islamic financial systems, also able to outperform conventional mutual funds and its benchmarks. Despite the majority of populations are Muslims, Islamic mutual funds do not have a better performance than conventional mutual funds in Indonesian market. This study also discusses the associations between the fund-flow and the performance of conventional and Islamic stocks and mixed funds. Evidence suggests that in the Indonesian market, the fund-flow and performance are negative and convex positive."

"Literasi keuangan merupakan suatu kemampuan seseorang dalam mengetahui aspek-aspek dalam bidang keuangan termasuk dengan mengelola keuangan dan investasi yang dapat dilakukan. Kemampuan yang dimiliki individu terhadap keuangan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku mereka dalam mengelola keuangan mereka dan dapat mempengaruhi mereka dari terhindarnya bias yang bisa terjadi terhadap pengambilan keputusan mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari financial literacy dan behavioral biases terhadap portfolio diversification yang dilakukan oleh investor pasar saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 189 orang yang didapat melalalui kuesioner online. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa behavioral biases memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap portfolio diversification dengan pengaruh signifikan terbesar terdapat pada familiarity biases sedangkan untuk financial literacy tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap portfolio diversification. Untuk variabel kontrol yaitu sosio demografis dan ukuran portofolio memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan lebih besar saat dimasukan dalam uji kepada portfolio diversification investor pasar saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, diharapkan dapat mengumpulkan data responden secara proporsional sesuai kategori yang diuji seperti jenis kelamin

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Financial literacy is the ability that a person has in knowing aspects in the financial sector including managing finances and investing that can be done. The abilities that individuals have towards finances can influence their behavior in managing their finances and can influence them from avoiding the bias that can occur in their decision making. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial literacy and behavioral biases on the portfolio diversification of stock market investors. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method using purposive sampling. The number of respondents in this study was 189 people who were obtained through online questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that behavioral biases have a significant influence on portfolio diversification with the greatest significant effect on familiarity biases, while financial literacy does not have a significant effect on portfolio diversification. For control variables, socio-demographics and portfolio size have a significantly greater effect when included in the test on the portfolio diversification of stock market investors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. For further research, it's expected that can collect data respondents proportionally according to the categories tested such as gender"