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"ABSTRAKAmebiasis merupakan penyakit yang umum yang banyak ditemukan di negara berkembang. Namun hanya sedikit yang bermanifestasi klinis menjadi kolitis amuba. Komplikasi yang paling sering dijumpai adalah abses hati amuba. Abses hati selain disebabkan oleh amuba dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri yang dikenal sebagai abses hati piogenik. Untuk dapat menegakkan penyebab abses hati yang disebabkan oleh amuba maka selain anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik, dibutuhkan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemeriksaan serologi antigen dan antibodi Entamoeba histolytica. Namun pada praktek klinis, jarang sekali pemeriksaan serologi ini dilakukan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat profil pasien dengan dugaan abses hati amuba yang sampelnya dikirimkan ke laboratorium parasitologi FKUI untuk pemeriksaan antibodi E. histolytica serta menilai hubungan antara gejala klinis/tanda tersebut dengan hasil serologi. Sampel diambil dari data pasien RSCM yang sampelnya dikirimkan ke laboratorium parasitologi FKUI dengan dugaan abses hati berupa keluhan utama, pemeriksaan fisik dan hasil laboratorium dan hasil serologinya diambil dari hasil pemeriksaan ELISA antibodi Entamoeba histolytica. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien yang positif serologi antibodi E. histolytica adalah pasien dari kelompok umur 26-45 tahun dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Sedangkan manifestasi klinis yang ditemukan pada pasien tersebut dari yang terbanyak adalah hepatomegali, klinis abses hati, nyeri perut, abdominal discomfort, berat badan turun, diare, muntah, efusi pleura dan mual. Yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan hasil serologi positif antibodi E. histolytica hanya hepatomegali. Dari data laboratorium ditemukan sebagian besar pasien memiliki hasil laboratorium normal. Namun ada beberapa pasien yang mengalami penurunan hemoglobin dan hematokrit, leukositosis, peningkatan laju endap darah serta peningkatan fungsi hati SGOT dan SGPT.

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ABSTRACTAmebiasis is a common disease that is found in many developing countries. Yet few have clinically manifested as amoebic colitis. The most common complication is an amoebic liver abscess. A liver abscess other than caused by amoeba can be caused by a bacterium known as a pyogenic liver abscess. To be able to determine the cause of liver abscess caused by amoeba, beside anamnesis and physical examination, laboratory examination such as serological antigen and antibody of Entamoeba histolytica is needed. However, in clinical practice, this serology test is hardly performed. Therefore, this study attempted to look at the profile of the patient with suspected liver abscess whose sample was sent to the parasitology laboratory FMUI for E. histolytica antibody examination and assess the association between the clinical signs with serology results. Samples data were taken from Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital patient whose samples were sent to parasitology laboratory FMUI with suspected liver abscess in the form of main complaint, physical examination and laboratory result. Additionally, serology result was taken from antibody of Entamoeba histolytica ELISA examination. The results showed that most of the positive serologically patients of E. histolytica antibodies were patients at the 26 45 age group and from male group. While the clinical manifestations found in these patients subsequently are hepatomegaly, clinical liver abscess, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, pleural effusion and nausea. It is only hepatomegaly that has a significant association with serologic positive results for E. histolytica antibodies. From the laboratory data, most patients have normal laboratory results. However, there were some patients who experienced decreased of hemoglobin and hematocrit, leukocytosis, increased blood sedimentation rate and increased liver function of AST and ALT."

"Sirosis hati SH merupakan tahap akhir dari penyakit hari kronik yang ditandai dengan fibrosis hati dan mikro maupun makronodul. Penyakit hati kronik mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid sehinga menggangu profil lipid pasien. Adanya kerusakan hati dideteksi dengan penilaian fungsi hati di mana salah satu penilainnya adalah analisis kadar albumin serum. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar profil lipid dan apakah terdapat korelasi antara profil lipid dengan fungsi hati albumin pada pasien SH. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional pada 73 penderita SH 56 laki-laki dan 17 perempuan didapatkan dari rekam medis Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSCM. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov menunjukkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol HDL, kolesterol LDL, dan trigliserida rata-rata 158.07, 39.05, 94.07, dan median 92 dan dengan uji Pearson menunjukkan korelasi antara kolesterol total, kolesterol HDL, kolesterol LDL dan albumin semua.

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Cirrhosis is an end stage of chronic inflammatory liver disease with fibrosis and micro or macro nodule. Chronic liver disease affects lipid metabolism and disrupts patient rsquo s lipid profile. Cirrhosis can be detected by assessing liver function, one of which is analyzing serum albumin. The aim is to study the lipid profile in patients with cirrhosis and to determine the correlation between serum lipid profile and serum albumin in patients with cirrhosis.

Design of the study is cross sectional, 73 patients with cirrhosis 56 men and 17 women were obtained from the medical records of the Laboratory Clinical Pathology RSCM. The results of the study were analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test showed serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride mean of 158.07, 39.05, 94.07 and median of 92 , Pearson test showed a correlation between total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and albumin all."

"Praktik residensi keperawatan medikal bedah yang dilakukan selama dua semester telah memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan gangguan neurologi, melakukan telaah evidence based nursing dan proyek inovasi yang dilakukan di RS Pusat Otak Nasional. Peran pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada kasus kelolaan utama yaitu dengan abses serebri dan 30 pasien resume menggunakan teori adapatasi Roy. Perilaku maladaptif paling banyak adalah pada mode adaptasi fisiologi. Penerapan EBN tentang intervensi tehnik relaksasi Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) yang dirangkai dengan Shavasana untuk mengatasi Post Stroke Anxiety (PSA). Pelaksanaan proyek inovasi penerapan Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) pada pasien pasca stroke di RS PON.

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The medical surgical nursing residency practice which was carried out for two semesters has provided nursing care for patients with neurological disorders, conducted evidence-based nursing studies and innovation projects carried out at National Brain Center Hospital Jakarta. The role of providing nursing care in the main cases, namely brain abscess and 30 resume patients using Roy's adaptation theory. Most maladaptive behavior is in the physiological adaptation mode. Application of EBN regarding Progressive Muscle relaxation (PMR) technique with Shavasana on Post Stroke Anxiety (PSA). Implementation of innovation project implementing the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in stroke patients at National Brain Center hospital Jakarta."

"Ultrasonography examination is an one of examination that can be used to see the abnormality of portal vein system. The technology of ultrasonography examination has further developed especially after using of Doppler ultrasonography which could portray haemodynamic changes from portal vein in liver cirrhosis patient. From this examination we also could predict bleeding."

"Pendahuluan: Volume hati sangat penting diketahui untuk menentukan kesesuaian graft pada Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) dan untuk menentukan resektabilitas organ. Salah satu kunci kesuksesan dari LDLT adalah dengan diketahuinya volume parenkim hati yang adekuat baik untuk donor maupun resipien. CT Volumetri merupakan gold standard dalam menghitung volume hati non invasif. Namun pada pelaksanannya terdapat keterbatasan fasilitas, terbatasnya ketersediaan piranti lunak, dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Sampai saat ini belum disepakati formula biometrik yang sesuai dalam memprediksi volume hati pasien donor hati di Indonesia.Metode: Desain penelitian ini cross sectional untuk mengetahui formula yang mendekati prediksi volume hati pada pasien donor transplantasi dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo berdasarkan data pasien dari 1 Januari 2010 – 3 Oktober 2019.Hasil: Perbedaan antara ELV dengan CLV didapatkan paling kecil pada formula Poovatumkadavil dkk dengan perbedaan -24.484cm3, kemudian Vauthey dkk dengan nilai perbedaan -27.153 dan disusul Yoshizumi dkk dengan hasil beda -44.253. Pada grafik Bland-Altman dapat dilihat bahwa perbedaan terkecil ada pada formula yang diusulkan oleh Poovatumkadavil disertai dengan limit of agreement paling kecil dibandingkan formula lainnya.Kesimpulan: Formula biometrik yang diajukan oleh Poovatumkadavil dkk didapatkan paling akurat dalam memprediksi volume hati dewasa di RSCM berdasarkan prediksi volume hati dengan CT volumetrik.

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Liver volume calculation is very important in living donor liver transplant (LDLT) in assessing the compatibility and resectability of the graft. Accurate liver volume calculation to estimate adequate liver volume is one of the predictors of successful LDLT. CT volumetry is the gold standart for liver volume estimation, although there are some limitation in the software and facility availability and time. There are still no biometric formula agreed to predict liver volume in Indonesia. This study is conducted to acquire the best biometric formula for liver volume estimation in Indonesian population. The design of this study is cross-sectional study conducted in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital on 1st January 2010 – 3rd October 2019. The result of this study shows formuls by Poovatumkadavil has the least difference between estimated liver volume (ELV) and CT liver volume (CLV) with -24.4 cm3 difference. Formula by Vauthey and Yoshizumi also shows minute volume difference with -27.14cm3 and -44.25cm3 respectively. Bland-Altman graph shows the narrowest limit of agreement in Poovatumkadavil formula compared to the others. In conclusion, biometric formula by Poovatumkadavil is shown to be the most accurate in estimating liver volume in Indonesian population compared with CT volumetry.

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"Multiple Liver AbscessLiver abscess is a public health problem in few countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. As time goes, there were only few cases of amebic liver abscess found in developed countries, on the contrary more pyogenic liver abscess are found in those countries. Liver abscess could be caused by bacteria, parasite, or fungus J. The common symptoms among the liver' abscess are fever; chill, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, right upper' abdominal pain,? in a few cases have symptoms like coughing, hiccup, pain in low right chest, or' pain on the shoulder: We reported a male patient 38 years batak ethnic was admitted with major symptoms such as high lever follow by chill, right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, fatigue and sometimes coughing. Based on clinical, laboratory data, and abdominal USG found this patient suspected suffered from pyogenic liver abscess. Treatment of this pattern consist of antibiotic (cefotaxime 29x1 IV metronidazol 3x500mg orally and aspiration of the liver' abscess). Aspiration was done 2 times with the interval l week, extracted 260cc totally yellow greenish watery fluid with no smell. On the follow up abdominal USG was repeated on January 8, 2003 found enlarge of the liver; 3 small abscesses on the right lobe liver and so recovery process and then patient left the hospital in good condition after 3 weeks hospitalized."

"The aim of this research was to know antioxidant activity in-vitro and hepatoprotector of iridoid fraction of hedyotis corymbosa (diamond flower) in rabbit's liver induced by acetaminophen....."

"Alkohol merupakan senyawa yang paling sering disalahgunakan (abuse), dan akhirnya menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, bukan hanya di bidang kesehatan, melainkan juga di bidang sosial dan ekonomi, di seluruh dunia. Hati merupakan salah satu organ yang paling banyak dipengaruhi oleh toksisitas etanol. Hepatotoksisitas intrinsik etanol timbul akibat oksidasi etanol oleh enzim alkohol dehidrogenase (ADH) dan sistem enzim yang mengoksidasi etanol di mikrosom (MEOS), yang terutama melibatkan CYP2E1. Metabolit toksik etanol (akibat oksidasi etanol oleh ADH dan CYP2E1), yaitu asetaldehid, serta induksi aktivitas CYP2E1 akibat pemberian etanol kronik, dapat meningkatkan stres oksidatif terutama pada mitokondria, yang merupakan organel target intoksikasi alkohol. Styes oksidatif yang mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi mitokondria, mengawali berbagai gangguan metabolik maupun aktivasi sistem makrofag hepatik, yang akhimya menuju kematian sel hati (hepatosit), balk secara nekrosis ataupun apotosis; dan dianggap memainkan peranan panting dalam patogenesis dan progresi penyakit hati alkoholik. Oleh karena itu, antioksidan dapat menjadi salah satu terapi yang potensial dalam penanganan penyakit had alkoholik di masa mendatang. Likopen, sebagai salah satu senyawa karotenoid non pro-vitamin A yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat, secara in vide terbukti dapat mencegah sties oksidatif pada mitokondria dan apoptosis yang diinduksi oleh etanol pada kultur set HepG2 yang mengekspresikan CYP2E1. Namun demikian, sampai scat ini belum ada penelitian yang mengkonflr nasi efek protektif likopen in vivo terhadap gangguan fungsi mitokondria akibat stres oksidatif oleh pemberian etanol kronik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian in vivo yang menggunakan model hewan untuk mempelajari hal tersebut. Model hewan yang digunakan adalah tikus jantan (120-180 g), strain Sprague Dawley. Hewan uji dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok @ 4 ekor. Diet standar untuk tikus yang diperoleh dari Badan POM, Jakarta, diberikan ad libitum. Untuk menimbulkan induksi gangguan fungsi mitokondria, pemberian etanol dilakukan pada tikus percobaan dilakukan selama 4 minggu, dengan dosis 1 mL etanol 25%I100 g BB. Suplementasi likopen diberikan dalam 3 dosis yang berbeda (masing-masing 25, 50 dan 100 mg/kg BB/hari) dan dimulai sejak 2 minggu sebetum pemberian etanol kronik, dan tetap dilanjutkan selama etanol diberikan. Tikus dimatikan dengan dislokasi leper, dan segera dilakukan isolasi mitokondria. Stres oksidatif dan gangguan fungsi mitokondria akibat pemberian etanol kronik pada tikus dikuantifikasi menggunakan beberapa parameter, seperti: tingkat peroksidasi lipid (kadar MDA) mitokondria dan homogenat had, kadar GSH mitokondria (mGSH), dan aktivitas beberapa enzim mitokondria, seperti suksinat dehidrogenase dan NADH-sitokrom c oksido-reduktase serta FO-Fl-ATPase. Pengukuran parameter-parameter tersebut dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri menggunakan cahaya visibel (kolorimetri).Mitokondria diisolasi dengan kemumian sedang (RSA SDH = 11.01). Dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, pemberian etanol kronik secara bermakna meningkatkan stres oksidatif pada mitokondria, yang ditunjuklcan oleh peningkatan kadar MDA mitokondria (100%) maupun homogenat hati (55%), serta penurunan kadar mGSH (30%) dan rasio GSH/GSSG mitokondria (40%). Pemberian etanol kronik juga menyebabkan gangguan fungsi mitokondria, seperti menurunkan SA SDH mitokondria (40%), meningkatkan aktivitas NADH-sitokrom c oksido-reduktase (76%) dan meningkatkan aktivitas hidrolisis F1-ATPase (30%). Enzim NADH-sitokrom c oksido-reduktase tidak sensitif terhadap inhibitor rotenon. Pemberian rotenon hanya sedikit meningkatkan atau tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim tersebut, dan tidak mengubah perbandingan aktivitas enzim anlar kelompok. Enzim FI-ATPase sens"itif terhadap inhibitor oligomisin. Pada kelompok etanol kronik, pemberian oligomisin menurunkan aktivitas enzim FO-FI-ATPase sebesar 82%. Nilai ini lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan penurunan akitivitas pada kelompok kontrol (72%). Suplementasi likopen pada ketiga dosis yang diberikan mampu mengembalikan aktivitas SDH, NADH-sitokrom c reduktase, kadar MDA mitokondria dan homogenat hati, serta kadar mGSH, sampai setara dengan kelompok kontrol. Peningkatan dosis Iikopen tidak menimbulkan perbedaan berrnakna pada parameter-parameter tersebut. Namun demikian, hanya likopen dosis 100 mg/kg BB/hari yang dapat mengembalikan rasio GSH/GSSG, aktivitas hidrolisis FOFI-ATPase dan sensitivitasnya terhadap oligomisin, sampai setara dengan kelompok kontrol. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa likopen memiliki efek proteksi terhadap gangguan fungsi mitokondria hati tikus akibat pemberian etanol kronik. Namun demikian, suplementasi likopen tanpa induksi gangguan fungsi mitokondria tidak memperlihatkan manfaat yang berarti.

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Alcohol is the most frequently abused substance worldwide, which will eventually bring about lots of health, social and economical problems. Of many other organs, alcohol exerts its toxicity mostly in the liver. Ethanol intrinsic hepatotoxidty results mainly from its oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) which involves mainly CYP2E1. Acetaldehyde, a toxic metabolite of ethanol (results from its oxidation by ADH and CYP2E1), and the induction of CYP2EI enzyme due to chronic alcohol consumption will raise oxidative stress on mitochondria, the target organelle of ethanol intoxication. Oxidative stress, which results in mitochondria) dysfunction, initiates various metabolic disorders, activates hepatic macrophageal system, and contributes to enhanced cell death, either by apoptosis or necrosis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hence, antioxidants may be a potential therapy in the future management of ALD. To date, lycopene, a non-provitamin A carotenoid with a potent antioxidant activity, attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress and ethanol-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cell expressing CYP2EI. Yet, there has no in vivo study been done in order to confirm the protective effect of lycopene against mitochondrial dysfunction due to chronic ethanol intake. Thus, the current in vivo study was designed to answer -at least partly- the question. The animal models used were male Sprague Dawley rats (120-180 g), which were divided into 6 groups @ 4 rats. Standard diet for rodents, produced by BPOM, Jakarta, was administered ad libitum every day. Ethanol at a concentration of 25%v/v (1 mL/100 g BW) was administered orally for 4 weeks, in order to induce mitochondrial injury. Lycopene supplementation was given orally in 3 dosage regimens, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW/ day, since 2 weeks before and continued for 4 weeks during ethanol treatment. The rats were all terminated by cervical dislocation and then mitochondrial isolation was performed immediately. The ethanol-induced oxidative stress and mitochondria) injury were quantified by measuring the following parameters: degree of lipid peroxidation (mitochondria) and liver homogenate MDA levels), mitochondria) GSH level (mGSH) and the activity of some mitochondrial enzymes, such as sucdnate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome c oxido-reductase, and FO-F1-ATPase. All parameters were measured by using the method of visible spectrophotometry (colorimetry).The liver mitochondria was adequately purified (RSA SDH = 11.01). Compared to the control group, chronic ethanol treatment significantly increased mitochondria) oxidative stress, as exhibited by the increased levels of mitochondria) and liver homogenate MDA (by 100% and 55%, respectively), depressed level of mGSH (by 30%) and lowered ratio of mitochondrial GSH/GSSG (by 40%). Chronic ethanol treatment also induced mitochondria) dysfunction, as measured by the reduced specific activity of mitochondria) SDH (by 40%), increased activity of NADH-cytochrome c oxido-reductase (by 76%), and increased hydrolysis activity of FO-F1-ATPase (by 30%). NADH-cytochrome c oxido-reductase was insensitive to rotenone, as addition of the inhibitor to the reaction mixture slightly increased or did not affect the enzyme activity, nor changed the ratio of its activity between groups. FO-FI-ATPase was sensitive to oligomycin. In chronic ethanol group, addition of oligomydn to the reaction mixture reduced the enzyme activity by 82%, which was significantly greater than the reduction showed by control group (72%). Lycopene supplementation was able to normalize the activity of SDH, NADH-cytochrome c oxido-reductase, the levels of mitochondrial and liver homogenate MDA and mGSH level, back to the levels of control group. Higher doses of lycopene did not provide significantly better results to those parameters. However, only the highest dose of lycopene (100 mg of /kg BW/day) could normalize mitochondria) GSH/GSSG ratio, the activity of FO-FIATPase and its sensitivity to oligomydn to the levels of control group. Generally, this study concluded that lycopene has protective effect against ethanol-induced hepatic mitochondria) injury in rats. However, without ethanol-induced mitochondrial injury, lycopene supplementation does not provide any additional benefit."

"ABSTRAKNama : Ario Perbowo PutraProgram Studi : Ilmu Penyakit DalamJudul : Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pelaksanaan Surveilans untuk Deteksi Dini Karsinoma Hepatoselular pada Pasien Sirosis Hati Latar Belakang: Sedikitnya pasien KHS yang didiagnosis melalui surveilans diduga merupakan penyebab terus rendahnya angka kesintasan, sehingga penting untuk diketahui proporsi pelaksanaan surveilans untuk deteksi dini KHS pada pasien sirosis hati dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi pelaksanaan surveilans untuk deteksi dini KHS pada pasien sirosis hati dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Metode: Studi kohort retrospektif pasien sirosis hati di RSCM periode Januari - Desember 2013. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis dan dikonfirmasi ulang dengan telepon. Surveilans disyaratkan USG abdomen dengan atau tanpa AFP minimal satu kali setahun dalam 3 tahun setelah periode tersebut. Faktor-faktor yang diteliti adalah jenis kelamin, suku bangsa, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat penghasilan, ketersediaan jaminan pengobatan, lokasi tempat tinggal, keberhasilan edukasi surveilans, etiologi sirosis, serta derajat beratnya sirosis. Uji regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan surveilans. Hasil: Dari 200 pasien sirosis hati, 50 pasien 25,0 menjalani surveilans, 150 pasien 75,0 tidak menjalani surveilans. Analisis bivariat menghasilkan 4 variabel dengan nilai p < 0,25 yaitu jenis kelamin p = 0,056 , suku bangsa p = 0,231 , keberhasilan edukasi surveilans p = 0,005 , dan derajat beratnya sirosis p = 0,005 . Analisis multivariat menghasilkan faktor risiko terlaksananya surveilans adalah keberhasilan edukasi surveilans OR 2,615, IK 95 1,332 - 5,134 , p = 0,005 dan derajat beratnya sirosis OR 2,766, IK 95 1,413 - 5,415 , p = 0,003 . Simpulan: Keberhasilan edukasi surveilans dan derajat beratnya sirosis merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan surveilans untuk deteksi dini KHS pada pasien sirosis hati. Kata Kunci: Sirosis hati, surveilans, faktor yang berhubungan.

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ABSTRACTName Ario Perbowo PutraStudy Program Internal MedicineTitle Factors Related to The Implementation of Surveillance for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Background Minimal number of KHS patients diagnosed through surveillance is thought to be the cause of continued low survival. It is important knowing the proportion of surveillance for early detection of KHS in patients with liver cirrhosis and related factors. Objective Determine the proportion of surveillance for early detection of KHS in patients with liver cirrhosis and related factors. Methods Retrospective Cohort study of patients with liver cirrhosis at RSCM from January to December 2013. Data obtained from medical records and reconfirmed by telephone. Surveillance is required for abdominal ultrasound with or without AFP at least once a year within 3 years after that period. Factors studied were gender, ethnicity, education level, income level, availability of medical assurance, location of residence, surveillance education successfulness, cirrhosis etiology, and severity of cirrhosis. Then logistic regression test is used in the multivariate analysis. Results From 200 patients, 50 patients 25,0 underwent surveillance, 150 patients 75,0 did not. Bivariate analysis resulted in 4 variables with p "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pada teknik radiografi digitized, image enhancement dilakukanuntuk memperbaiki kualitas gambar dengan mengoptimalkan brightness dancontrast. Tujuan: Mengetahui rentang nilai yang dapat ditoleransi padapengaturan brightness dan contrast pada abses apikalis kronis dan granulomaapikalis. Metode: Dilakukan pengaturan image enhancement dengan mengubahnilai brightness dan contrast pada 60 radiograf dengan diagnosis abses apikaliskronis dan granuloma apikalis. Hasil: Rentang nilai yang dapat ditoleransi padapengaturan brightness dan contrast dalam interpretasi abses apikalis kronis dangranuloma apikalis berkisar dari -10 hingga +10. Kesimpulan: Pengaturanbrightness dan contrast radiograf tidak mempengaruhi interpretasi radiografikapabila pengaturan dilakukan dalam rentang nilai toleransinya.

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ABSTRACTBackground: In digitized radiography techniques, adjusment of imageenhancement can be done to improve image quality by optimizing brightness andcontrast. Objective: To determine the value range of brightness and contrastadjustment on chronic apical abscess and apical granuloma interpretation.Methods: 60 radiographs diagnosed chronic apical abscess apical granulomawere adjusted by changing brightness and contrast values. Results: The valuerange of brightness and contrast adjustments on radiographic interpretation ofchronic apical abscess and apical granuloma ranging from -10 to +10.Conclusion: Brightness and contrast adjustments on digital radiograph do notaffect radiographic interpretation if conducted within the value range."