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"ABSTRAKArtikel ini membahas kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam novel L rsquo;Ing nu yang ditulis oleh Voltaire dan dipublikasikan pada tahun 1767. Kritik sosial adalah tanggapan terhadap masalah sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat yang disebabkan karena adanya ketidakselarasan terhadap norma dan nilai sosial yang berlaku. Kritik dapat disampaikan melalui dua bentuk, yaitu penyampaian secara langsung seperti sarkasme dan penyampaian secara tidak langsung dengan majas seperti metafora. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan berbagai kritik sosial di Prancis abad ke-18 yang terdapat dalam novel L rsquo;Ing nu. Analisis dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis aspek struktural alur dan pengaluran, tokoh dan penokohan dan latar serta analisis teks dengan pendekatan sosiologi milik Wellek dan Warren 1993 . Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang sudah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa L rsquo;Ing nu sarat akan kritik sosial yang mencakup kritik di bidang agama, sosial dan politik.

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ABSTRACTThis article discusses the social criticism contained in the novel L rsquo Ing nu written by Voltaire and published on 1767. Social criticism is a response to social problems that occur within the society and disturbs the prevailing social norms and values. Criticism can be conveyed through two forms, directly such as sarcasm and indirectly by using metaphors. This study aims to reveal and explain various social criticisms in France during the 18th century that are written in the novel L rsquo Ing nu. The analyses done in this study includes the structural aspects of flow and channeling, figures and characterizations and also the literary and analyze text using sociological approach of Wellek and Warren 1993 . In this article, the author uses qualitative methods and literature study techniques. After the analysis is conducted, it can be concluded that social criticism in L rsquo Ing nu is found in the religious, social, and political sector."

"Penelitian ini membahas kritik sosial dalam novel Orang Cacat Dilarang Sekolah (OCDS) karya Wiwid Prasetyo. Novel itu menceritakan perjuangan tiga bersaudara penyandang disabilitas yaitu Cikal, Tunas, dan Ikrar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra Ian Watt. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kritik sosial berkenaan dengan keadaan penyandang disabilitas serta ditujukan kepada masyarakat dan pemerintah. Kepada masyarakat, kritik itu menyampaikan bahwa terdapat perlakuan buruk masyarakat dan penolakan keluarga terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Kritik sosial kepada masyarakat juga dilakukan dengan pendobrakan realitas, bahwa penyandang disabilitas mampu bersaing dengan nondisabilitas. Namun, hal itu dapat dicapai dengan dukungan keluarga dan pemerolehan pendidikan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Sementara itu, kepada pemerintah, kritik itu menunjuk kurangnya kesempatan bagi penyandang disabilitas untuk bekerja layak dan kurangnya upaya pemenuhan hak-hak penyandang disabilitas.

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This study discusses social criticism in the novel Orang Cacat Dilarang Sekolah (OCDS) by Wiwid Prasetyo. The novel tells the struggle of three siblings with disabilities named Cikal, Tunas, and Ikrar. This research uses Ian Watt's literary sociology approach. The method used in this research is qualitative research method. The result of this study shows that social criticism is related to the situation of people with disabilities and addressed to the society and government. To the society, the criticism states that there is mistreatment and family rejection toward people with disabilities. The social criticism is also done by breaking the reality; that people with disabilities are able to compete with people without disabilities. However, this can only be achieved with the family support and the acquisition of education for people with disabilities. Meanwhile, to the government, the criticism points out the lack of opportunities for people with isabilities to work properly and the lack of efforts to fulfill the rights of people with disabilities."

"Penelitian ini membahas konflik sosial internal dalam novel Udan ing Wanci Ketiga karya Tulus Setiyadi tahun 2016. Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana menguraikan konflik sosial internal yang terjadi antar tokoh yang membangun cerita novel ini. Kesan pertama membaca novel ini adalah adanya konflik batin antar tokoh dalam cerita ini. Namun, setelah dipahami lebih jauh, ternyata konflik tersebut semata-mata dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan latar belakang strata sosial tertentu secara hitam putih. Dengan kata lain, setiap tokoh memiliki kesenjangan sosial yang cukup mencolok. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori intrinsik dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kualitatif memanfaatkan data deskriptif dan fokus pada observasi. Penggunaan metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis dan menggambarkan berbagai situasi dari data yang telah dikumpulkan melalui beberapa kutipan dialog yang terdapat dalam novel. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa konflik sosial internal yang terbagi menjadi tiga peristiwa (perselingkuhan, desakan pertanggungjawaban, dan pernikahan siri) disebabkan oleh latar belakang antar tokoh, serta memiliki dampak yang berbeda-beda pula terhadap masing-masing tokoh.

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This study discusses the internal social conflict in the novel Udan ing Wanci Tiga by Tulus Setiyadi in 2016. The main problem in this study is how to describe the internal social conflicts that occur between the characters who build the story of this novel. The first impression of reading this novel is the inner conflict between the characters in this story. However, upon further understanding, it turns out that the conflict is solely motivated by differences in the background of certain social strata in black and white. In other words, each character has a fairly striking social gap. The theory used in this research is intrinsic theory with qualitative descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive method utilizes descriptive data and focuses on observation. The use of qualitative descriptive method is used to analyze and describe various situations from the data that has been collected through several dialogue quotes contained in the novel. The results of this study indicate that the internal social conflict which is divided into three events (infidelity, insistence on responsibility, and unregistered marriage) is caused by the background between the characters, and has different impacts on each character."

"Novel Klelep Ing Samudra Rasa karya Tulus Setiyadi menceritakan tentang tokoh Dewi sebagai orang ketiga dalam pernikahan Panji dan Septi. Posisi tersebut menimbulkan konflik batin dalam diri Dewi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk serta gelaja-gejala konflik batin, serta menguraikan faktor pemicu konflik batin yang dialami tokoh Dewi pada novel Klelep Ing Samudra Rasa karya Tulus Setyadi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori Psikologi sastra, sedangkan pembahasan mengenai konflik batin mendasarkan pada pendapat Muis (2009). Data penelitian ini adalah satuan peristiwa berupa teks kalimat yang berhubungan dengan konflik batin tokoh Dewi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Bentuk-bentuk konflik batin tokoh berupa perasaan depresi, obsesi, cemas, perasaan bersalah, perasaan takut, serta frustasi. (2) Faktor pemicu terjadinya konflik batin tokoh Dewi di antaranya; faktor latar belakang hidup Dewi, faktor ketertarikan fisik kepada Panji, dan perhatian serta kasih sayang yang oleh Panji. (3) Adanya kontradiksi antara sikap batin tokoh Dewi dengan sikap batin yang tepat menurut kebudayaan Jawa. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah dalam berfikir, berperilaku, serta bersikap sepatutnya mengedepankan akal budi dan memperhatikan apa yang ada di luar diri, serta mengesampingkan hawa nafsu jahat dan egoisme pribadi dengan tujuan meminimalisir terjadinya konflik-konflik supaya mendapat kehidupan yang tentram dan slamet.

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The novel Klelep Ing Samudra Rasa by Tulus Setiyadi tells the story of Dewi as the third person in Panji and Septi's marriage. This position causes inner conflict in Dewi's self. The purpose of this study is to analyze the forms and symptoms of inner conflict, and to describe the factors that trigger inner conflict in Dewi's character in the novel Klelep Ing Samudra Rasa by Tulus Setyadi. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method using literary psychology theory, while the discussion of inner conflict is based on the opinion of Muis (2009). The data of this research is the unit of events in the form of text sentences related to the inner conflict of the character Dewi. The results of this study are (1) The forms of inner conflict of the characters in the form of feelings of depression, obsession, anxiety, guilt, feelings of fear, and frustration. (2) The triggering factors for the inner conflict of Dewi's character include; Dewi's background, physical attraction to Panji, and Panji's attention and affection. (3) There is a contradiction between the inner attitude of the Dewi character and the appropriate inner attitude according to Javanese culture. The conclusion of this study is that in thinking, behaving, and acting, it is appropriate to prioritize reason and pay attention to what is outside of oneself, and to put aside evil desires and personal egoism with the aim of minimizing conflicts in order to have a peaceful and slamet."

"Pascaperang kemerdekaan dan pascakolonialisme, kesusastraan Aljazair berkembang pesat dengan ciri khas yang mengangkat tema identitas, resistensi, dan kebebasan. Adanya hubungan yang erat dengan Prancis tersebut mengakibatkan identitas yang tumpang tindih pada masyarakat Aljazair, khususnya pada perempuan Aljazair. Artikel ini membahas konstruksi identitas yang terjadi pada tokoh utama dalam novel Vaste est la prison karya Assia Djebar (1995). Novel ini menceritakan perjuangan perempuan di tiga generasi (nenek, ibu, dan anak) dalam menentang struktur patriarki tradisional untuk membela anaknya, hidupnya, perempuan di negerinya, dan tanah airnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi konstruksi identitas tokoh utama yang terbentuk sebagai seorang perempuan muslim Aljazair yang submisif, kemudian berkembang menjadi liyan yang resisten melalui fokalisasi “Aku” sebagai narator dan wakil dari suara perempuan Aljazair. Dengan metode kualitatif, konsep naratif Roland Barthes, teori struktur alur Gustave Freytag, dan kajian struktur teks Genette digunakan untuk membedah struktur teks. Selanjutnya, dibantu oleh konsep écriture féminine Hélène Cixous untuk menganalisis konstruksi identitas yang terjadi pada tokoh utama. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi bahwa tokoh utama pada novel atau perempuan Aljazair telah mengonstruksi identitasnya dalam upaya resistensi dari dominasi patriarki yang dianalogikan sebagai penjara yang sangat luas, di negaranya sendiri.

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Algerian literature developed rapidly following post-war independence and post-colonialism, with a characteristic that raised the themes of identity, resistance, and freedom. Algerian society, especially Algerian women, experience overlapping identities as a consequence of the country's close relationship with France. This article describes the main character's identity construction in Assia Djebar's novel, Vaste est la prison (1995). This novel tells of the struggle of a women in three generations (grandmother, mother, and daughter) in a traditional patriarchal structure to defend her child, her life, the women in her country, and her homeland. This study aims to determine the identity of the main character who is formed as a submissive Algerian Muslim woman, then develops into a resistant other through the focalization of "I" as the narrator and representative of the Algerian female voice. The author's structure was analyzed using qualitative methodologies, including Roland Barthes' narrative concept, Genette's analysis of text structure, and Hélène Cixous's concept of écriture féminine were used to evaluate the main character's construction of identity. The results of the study showed that Algerian women have constructed their identities in order to survive as oppressed women and to resist patriarchal domination, which is analogous to a large prison within itself."

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas novel Katak Hendak Jadi Lembu yang dikarang oleh Nur Sutan Iskandar pada tahun 1935. Ia menggambarkan kondisi sosial masyarakat di Hindia Belanda yang terpuruk saat terjadinya malaise, masa yang penuh kesulitan pada rentang tahun 1929 mdash;1932. Suria, tokoh utama dalam novel, digambarkan sebagai tokoh yang tidak peduli sehingga kehidupan keluarganya hancur. Nur Sutan Iskandar menggambarkan berbagai masalah sosial yang terjadi pada masa tersebut, yaitu masalah kemiskinan, disorganisasi keluarga, dan lingkungan hidup. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan metode analisis pustaka. Pendekatan sosiologi sastra digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi sosial masyarakat yang terdapat dalam novel. Metode analisis pustaka digunakan untuk mencari sumber-sumber referensi yang berkaitan dengan latar waktu dalam novel. Dalam skripsi ini, kritik Nur Sutan Iskandar bukan hanya ditujukan terhadap fenomena kehidupan, melainkan perilaku pemerintahan kolonial Belanda pada saat zaman malaise.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses Katak Hendak Jadi Lembu, a novel composed by Nur Sutan Iskandar in 1935. He describes the social conditions of society in the Indies which collapsed during the malaise, a period of difficulty in the span of 1929 mdash 1932. Suria, the main character in the novel, is portrayed as a careless figure so that his family life is destroyed. Nur Sutan Iskandar describes various social problems that occurred at that time, namely the problem of poverty, family disorganization, and the environment. The research is done by approach of literary sociology and literature analysis method. The sociological approach of literature is used to indicate the social conditions of society contained in the novel. The literature analysis method is used to find reference sources related to the time background in the novel. In this thesis, the criticism of Nur Sutan Iskandar is not only aimed at the phenomenon of life, but the behavior of Dutch colonial government during the time of malaise. "

"[ABSTRAK Peran dunia maya semakin menggerus sendi-sendi kehidupan masyarakat. Beberapa aspek bahkan tidak dapat lagi terpisahkan dari dunia internet. Ketergantungan yang semakin tinggi terhadap internet, telah menumbuhkan suatu tren sosial baru dalam masyarakat. Pada jurnal ini, penulis meneliti sebuah novel yang berawal dari kumpulan cerita di forum internet, dan menyebar secara masif melalui dunia maya. Sepasang Kaos Kaki Hitam karya Ari Ginting, adalah sebuah cerita dengan tema percintaan yang disertai plot unik, serta menarik rasa ingin tahu dari pembaca. Kehadiran novel ini mengubah stereotip umum dari cerita bertema cinta. Cerita yang mengusung tema cinta biasanya hanya menyasar kalangan pembaca tertentu, namun novel ini cenderung menyenangkan untuk dinikmati beragam kalangan serta usia. Beberapa keunggulan novel ini adalah, alur yang tidak membosankan, karakter yang menarik, serta latar sosial yang begitu kental. Poin-poin tersebut telah menstimulus keinginan penulis untuk mengangkat serta menganalisis novel ini dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Tujuan penelitian adalah menemukan serta mengaitkan hubungan apa yang menyatukan Ari dan Meva, meskipun latar belakang serta segala aspek tentang hidup mereka begitu kontradiktif. Analisis penulis didukung dengan memperhatikan beberapa poin, seperti latar belakang sang tokoh, sifat mereka, serta kondisi lingkungan yang memengaruhi kepribadian mereka. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kedekatan mereka tidak hanya ditunjang kecocokan fisik atau latar belakang, tetapi karena hubungan yang kuat dalam kepribadian serta perasaan mereka satu sama lain.ABSTRACT The role of internet is already permeated in society life. Some aspects event can not be separated from internet. Dependency upon internet, has developed a new social trend in the society. On this jurnal, the author will analyze a novel, which emerged from a stories collection in online forum, and spread massively through the internet. Sepasang Kaos Kaki Hitam by Ari Ginting, is a love story with unique plot that attract curiousity from the reader. The presence of this novel, has change a common stereotype about love story. Unique plot, interesting character, a strong social background, has stimulated the author to analyze this novel with a viewpoint from sociology of literature. The purpose of this research is to find and connect what relation that can unite Ari and Meva in the story, even though they background is contradictive and so different from each other. The author analysis supported by some point, such as character background, their habit, and environmental condition that affect them. After the data was collected, the author describe it and leads to a conclusion.;The role of internet is already permeated in society life. Some aspects event can not be separated from internet. Dependency upon internet, has developed a new social trend in the society. On this jurnal, the author will analyze a novel, which emerged from a stories collection in online forum, and spread massively through the internet. Sepasang Kaos Kaki Hitam by Ari Ginting, is a love story with unique plot that attract curiousity from the reader. The presence of this novel, has change a common stereotype about love story. Unique plot, interesting character, a strong social background, has stimulated the author to analyze this novel with a viewpoint from sociology of literature. The purpose of this research is to find and connect what relation that can unite Ari and Meva in the story, even though they background is contradictive and so different from each other. The author analysis supported by some point, such as character background, their habit, and environmental condition that affect them. After the data was collected, the author describe it and leads to a conclusion.;The role of internet is already permeated in society life. Some aspects event can not be separated from internet. Dependency upon internet, has developed a new social trend in the society. On this jurnal, the author will analyze a novel, which emerged from a stories collection in online forum, and spread massively through the internet. Sepasang Kaos Kaki Hitam by Ari Ginting, is a love story with unique plot that attract curiousity from the reader. The presence of this novel, has change a common stereotype about love story. Unique plot, interesting character, a strong social background, has stimulated the author to analyze this novel with a viewpoint from sociology of literature. The purpose of this research is to find and connect what relation that can unite Ari and Meva in the story, even though they background is contradictive and so different from each other. The author analysis supported by some point, such as character background, their habit, and environmental condition that affect them. After the data was collected, the author describe it and leads to a conclusion., The role of internet is already permeated in society life. Some aspects event can not be separated from internet. Dependency upon internet, has developed a new social trend in the society. On this jurnal, the author will analyze a novel, which emerged from a stories collection in online forum, and spread massively through the internet. Sepasang Kaos Kaki Hitam by Ari Ginting, is a love story with unique plot that attract curiousity from the reader. The presence of this novel, has change a common stereotype about love story. Unique plot, interesting character, a strong social background, has stimulated the author to analyze this novel with a viewpoint from sociology of literature. The purpose of this research is to find and connect what relation that can unite Ari and Meva in the story, even though they background is contradictive and so different from each other. The author analysis supported by some point, such as character background, their habit, and environmental condition that affect them. After the data was collected, the author describe it and leads to a conclusion.]"