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"ABSTRAKWashington Consensus pertama kali dicetuskan oleh John Williamson untuk mendeskripsikan sepuluh kebijakan yang mendapatkan konsensus di Washington. Washington Consensus ternyata mengundang banyak kritik dari kalangan akademisi. Tugas Karya Akhir TKA ini melakukan tinjauan literatur mengenai perdebatan Washington Consensus dari tahun 1990 sampai 2016. Literatur-literatur tersebut kemudian dikelompokkan sesuai dengan ideologi ekonomi politik internasional, yaitu liberalisme, nasionalisme, dan marxisme. Dalam liberalisme, terdapat dua kelompok pemikiran yang saling bertolak belakang, yaitu pemikiran yang mendukung dan mengkritik Washington Consensus. Di sisi lain, argumen utama dari nasionalisme adalah bahwa Washington Consensus tidak berhasil meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi negara-negara berkembang dan peran negara yang aktif dibutuhkan. Penulis-penulis marxis berargumen bahwa Washington Consensus bersifat reduksionis karena mengabaikan relasi power. Dalam perdebatan ini, muncul beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan untuk menggantikan Washington Consensus. TKA ini merefleksikan bahwa rekomendasi kebijakan pembangunan bertahan dalam perdebatan apabila didukung oleh kekuatan politik. Refleksi ini merupakan sebuah agenda penelitian yang dapat dilaksanakan di masa depan agar korelasi antara dukungan politik dan daya tahan endurance rekomendasi kebijakan pembangunan dapat dibuktikan.

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ABSTRACTWashington Consensus was first coined by John Williamson to describe ten policies which command consensus in Washington. The emergence of Washington Consensus invites numerous critics from scholars. This writing aims to review literatures about the debate on Washington Consensus from 1990 to 2016. These literatures are grouped based on ideologies in international political economy, namely liberalism, nationalism, and marxism. There are two contrasting divisions in liberalism. One supports Washington Consensus while the other criticizes it. On the other hand, the main argument of nationalism is that Washington Consensus has failed to improve the economic performance of developing countries and the active role of state is needed. Marxist scholars argue that Washington Consensus is reductionist because it ignores power relations. From this debate, there are several policy recommendations. This writing infers that development policy recommendation will endure if it is supported by political power. This reflection is a potential research agenda to be conducted in the future so that correlation between political support and endurance of development policy recommendation can be proven."

"Buku ini sangat bermanfaat tidak hanya bagi mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, tetapi juga para dosen yang mengajar mata kuliah ini. Para penyunting telah bekerja keras untuk menyusun secara sistematis tema-tema yang relevan dalam mempelajari metodologi hubungan internasional. Keragaman latar belakang paradigmatik dari para penulisnya menunjukkan bahwa para penyunting telah mencoba menampilkan perkembangan terbaru dalam perdebatan tentang masalah Metodologi dalam Hubungan Internasional."

"Series Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Visiting Professor, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA and Emeritus Professor, University of London, UK This books provides a timely comparative case study that reveals the factors driving the International Monetary Fund's policy reform in Low Income Developing Countries (LIDCs), as a resurgent IMF expands its footprint in the world's poorest states. Through a research design that employs both mainstream and critical IPE theory, Mark Hibben uncovers three major tendencies. Principal-agent analysis, he argues, demonstrates that coalition formation among powerful states, IMF staff and management, and other influential actors is necessary for policy reform. At the same time, he uses constructivist analysis to show that ideational frameworks of what merits appropriate macroeconomic policy response also have an impact on reform efforts, and that IMF management and staff seek legitimacy in their policy choices. In response to the crises in 1999 and 2008, the author maintains, poverty and inequality now 'matter' in IMF thinking and serve as an opportunity for policy insiders and external actors to deepen the institution's new commitment to 'inclusive' growth. Finally, Hibben draws on neo-Gramscian analysis to highlight how the IMF looked to soften the destabilizing effects of globalization through reforms focused on stakeholder participation in poor states and will continue to do so in its support of the new United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. This means that the 2015-2030 time period will be a critical juncture for IMF LIDC reform. By drawing from diverse theoretical traditions, the author thus provides a unique framework for the study of contemporary IMF change and how best those interested in LIDC policy reform can meet this objective. Mark Hibben is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Saint Joseph's College of Maine, US."

"Isu politik dan keamanan internasional yang terjadi pada 4 negara Kawasan Eropa Tenggara (Turki, Yunani, Siprus, dan Malta) telah menjadi perhatian sejak dulu bahkan beberapa tahun terakhir. Kemunculan isu keamanan dan politik internasional di Kawasan mendorong adanya kebijakan maupun strategi keamanan yang diterapkan masing-masing negara. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan geospasial dan kajian literatur yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Teori Kompleks Keamanan Regional dari Barry Buzan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 4 negara Kawasan Eropa Tenggara menghadapi beberapa isu keamanan dan politik internasional yang kompleks dan rumit, seperti cybercrime, Imigran, terorisme bahkan sengketa wilayah. Dari isu keamanan yang terjadi, isu sengketa territorial merupakan isu yang paling utama di Kawasan bahkan isu tersebut mendorong penerapan kebijakan keamanan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan kekuatan militer. Lebih lanjut, diketahui bahwa isu keamanan dan politik internasional yang terjadi di Kawasan dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti Faktor Ekonomi, Faktor Politik dan Keamanan, Faktor Sejarah, Faktor Geografis serta Faktor Sosial Ekonomi dan Sosial Budaya.

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Political and international security issues that occurred in 4 countries in the Southeast European Region (Turkey, Greece, Cyprus and Malta) have been a concern for a long time, even in the last few years. The emergence of international security issues in the region encourage security policies and strategies implemented by each country. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods with a geospatial approach and a literature review which was analyzed using the Complex Theory of Regional Security from Barry Buzan. The results of the study show that 4 countries in the Southeastern European Region face several complex and complicated international security and political issues, such as cybercrime, immigrants, terrorism and even territorial disputes. From the security issues that occur, the issue of territorial disputes is the most important issue in the Region and even this issue encourages the application of security policies related to the use of military force. Furthermore, it is known that international security and political issues that occur in the Region are motivated by several factors, such as Economic Factors, Political and Security Factors, Historical Factors, Geographical Factors and Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural Factors."

"The Globalization of World Politics is the market leading introduction to International Relations, written by an unrivalled line-up of experts in their fields. Spanning history, theory, structures and processes, and international issues, it offers the most comprehensive coverage of IR available and maps closely onto introductory courses, as well as being suitable as a valuable reference for the duration of an IR degree .Carefully edited by respected IR experts, John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, to ensure an integrated and coherent style throughout the book.Integrated learning features, including case studies and questions, a brand new debating feature and end of chapter questions, are all carefully tailored to the needs of students approaching IR for the first time.Accompanied by a wealth of online resources to support IR lecturers and their students .New to this editionFour brand new chapters including: Feminism, Race, International Organizations, and NGOs. Questions accompanying every case study to encourage students apply theory to real world events.An opposing opinions feature which helps students to critically evaluate an argument."