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"ABSTRAKMasyarakat nelayan merupakan salahsatu kelompok masyarakat yang paling rentan akan kemiskinan. Beragam program pembangunan yang telah dilakukan pemerintah pada kelompok masyarakat ini ternyata masih banyak menemui kegagalan. Literatur dan penelitian sebelumnya melihat kegagalan ini karena adanya kesalahan eksternal yang menghambat mobilitas eksternal sebagai salahsatu faktor penghambat pembangunan, serta adanya faktor lain yang kini harus mulai diperhitungkan dalam melihat kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan. Perspektif itu adalah modal sosial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik modal sosial nelayan memang terbilang tinggi, namun tingkat kesejahteraannya masih rendah. Ini membuat hubungan antara modal sosial dan kesejahteraan ternyata masih sangat rendah.

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ABSTRACTFishermen community has become one of the most vulnerable communities towards poverty. Various policies and programs have been implemented, yet none seem to have work. Previous literature and research shows that this might have something to do with the external factors that stunted the community rsquo s vertical mobility, and some also shows that the absence of social capital as a key factor in the planning process of the policies, played quite a significant part. The result of this research, however, shows that fishermen communities indeed have a high level of social capital, yet their welfare level is low. Thus the correlation between the two is not significant, and in some cases, almost non existent."

"ABSTRAKMakrozoobentos memiliki peran penting sebagai detritivor dalam ekosistem perairan. Komunitas makrozoobentos juga dapat dijadikan sebagai instrumen biomonitoring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi, kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan dominansi makrozoobentos di kawasan tambak Blanakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Juni 2018. Sampel makrozoobentos diambil dari 3 stasiun yang masing-masing terdiri atas 3 tambak. Pengambilan sampel di setiap tambak dilakukan dengan metode purposive random sampling pada 3 titik dengan 2 kali pengulangan di setiap titik. Pengukuran faktor abiotik perairan dilakukan di setiap titik. Sampel makrozoobentos diidentifikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan Pielou, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks similaritas Sorensen, dan uji-t. Hasil penelitian diperoleh enam spesies makrozoobentos dari 3 kelas yaitu Melanoides tuberculata, Brotia costula, Cerithidea cingulata, Nephtys inornata, Cossura sp., dan Erpobdella sp. Kepadatan spesies tertinggi di kawasan tambak Blanakan dimiliki oleh Brotia costula yaitu sebesar 10907 ind./m3. Keanekaragaman dan kemerataan makrozoobentos di tambak Blanakan tergolong rendah dan ada spesies yang mendominansi di tambak Blanakan. Tidak ada perbedaan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos pada ketiga stasiun.

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ABSTRACTMacrozoobenthos has an important role as detritivore in water ecosystem. Macrozoobenthos community also act as a biomonitoring instrument. The purpose of this study is to know the composition, density, diversity, evenness, and dominance of macrozoobenthos at Blanakan Fish Pond. This study was done from February to June 2018. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected from 3 stations and each station consist of 3 fish ponds. Sampling on each ponds was done by purposive random sampling on 3 sampling points with twice repetition on each point. Water abiotic factors sampling was done on each points. Macrozoobenthos samples were identified and analyzed using Shannon Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson 39 s dominance index, Sorensen similarity index, and t test. The results showed that there are six species of macrozoobenthos from 3 classes found, which are Melanoides tuberculata, Brotia costula, Cerithidea cingulata, Nephtys inornata, Cossura sp., and Erpobdella sp. Highest species density at Blanakan Fish Ponds is Brotia costula, amounting to 10907 ind. m3. The diversity and evenness of macrozoobenthos at Blanakan Fish Ponds classified as low and there is a dominant species at Blanakan Fish Ponds. There is no difference between macrozoobenthos diversity on 3 stations."

"Penelitian struktur komunitas mangrove asosiasi di kawasan tambak silvofishery Blanakan telah dilakukan sejak Februari hingga Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan struktur komunitas mangrove asosiasi yang dekat dan jauh dari sumber polutan logam berat di kawasan tambak silvofishery Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat, meliputi komposisi jenis, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dominansi, kerapatan relatif, frekuensi relatif, penutupan relatif, dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP). Data komunitas mangrove asosiasi diambil dari 3 stasiun, yang masing-masing terdiri atas 3 tambak. Pengambilan data di setiap tambak dilakukan dengan metode belt transect berukuran 1m × 100m sejumlah 4 belt transect. Pengukuran faktor abiotik dilakukan di setiap tambak. Mangrove asosiasi diidentifikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan Pielou, indeks dominansi Simpson, Kerapatan Relatif jenis, Frekuensi Relatif jenis, Penutupan Relatif jenis, dan Indeks Nilai Penting. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 19 jenis mangrove asosiasi dari 12 suku. Komposisi jenis komunitas mangrove asosiasi di stasiun II yang berada jauh dari sumber polutan logam berat, lebih banyak dibandingkan di stasiun I dan III yang berada dekat dengan sumber polutan logam berat. Keanekaragaman jenis mangrove asosisasi tinggi sementara penyebaran jenis hampir merata di setiap stasiun. Namun, tidak terdapat jenis yang mendominasi komunitas tersebut. Komunitas mangrove asosiasi dalam keadaan stabil dan faktor abiotik masih mendukung keberadaan komunitas tersebut. Chloris barbata Sw. (vide Bor) memiliki kerapatan relatif tertinggi sebesar 41,13% pada stasiun I. Ischaemum muticum memiliki frekuensi relatif tertinggi sebesar 28,59% pada stasiun I. Pluchea indica L. memiliki INP sebesar 73,65% pada stasiun II. Sesuvium portulacastrum L. memiliki penutupan relatif tertinggi sebesar 50,12% dan INP tertinggi sebesar 99,81% pada stasiun III.

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Community structure study of associated mangrove at Blanakan Silvofishery Pond was done from February until August 2019. The purpose of this study is to know and compare the community structure of associated mangrove near and far from the source of heavy metal pollutants in the Blanakan silvofishery pond area, Subang, West Java, including species composition, diversity, evenness, dominance, relative density, relative frequency, relative closure, and Important Value Index (IVI). Data of associated mangrove community were collected from 3 stations and each station consist of 3 ponds. The sampling community data on each pond was done using belt transect method with 1 × 100 square meter as many as 4 belt transects. Measurement of abiotic factors was done on each pond. Associated mangrove were identified and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominance index, Species Relative Density, Species Relative Frequency, Species Relative Closure, and Important Value Index. The results showed that there were 19 species of associated mangrove from 12 families. The species composition of the associated mangrove community at station II which far from the sources of heavy metal pollutants, more than in station I and III which are close to the sources of heavy metal pollutants. Species diversity of associated mangrove is high while species distribution is almost evenly distributed at each station. However, there is no dominant species in community. The associated mangrove community was in stable condition and the abiotic factors still support the existence of the community. Chloris barbata Sw. (vide Bor) has the highest relative density, as many as 41,13% at station I. Ischaemum muticum has highest relative frequency, as many as 28,59% at station I. Pluchea indica L. has IVI as many as 73,65% at stasion II. Sesuvium portulacastrum L. has the highest relative closure as many as 50,12% and the highest IVI as many as 99,81% at station III.

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"Tambak di Blanakan, Subang merupakan tambak tradisional yang mengandalkan pakan alami sebagai pakan biota. Oleh karena itu keberadaan serasah mangrove sangat penting bagi tambak di Blanakan, karena dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesuburan tambak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menghitung produktivitas dan kandungan nutrien (N dan P) pada serasah Avicennia sp. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Mei dan Agustus 2018 dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas dan kandungan nutrien (N dan P) pada serasah Avicennia sp. serta hubungan antara kedua faktor tersebut dan parameter lingkungan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di pertambakan Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat pada siang hari dan menggunakan littertrap untuk menampung serasah pada masing - masing tambak.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah produksi serasah yang diproduksi oleh Tambak 1 yaitu 2,15 gr/m2/hari, Tambak 2 yaitu 2 gr/m2/hari dan Tambak 3 yaitu 1,7 gr/m2/hari. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang lemah antara variabel independen (produktivitas serasah mangrove dan parameter lingkungan) dengan kandungan N dan P. Namun dilain sisi, terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara curah hujan dengan kandungan P.

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Blanakan ponds are traditional brackish water ponds that rely on natural feed for biota. Therefore the existence of mangrove leaflitter is very important for Blanakan ponds, because it can increase productivity and fertility of ponds. The purpose of this research is to calculate productivity and nutrient content (N and P) of Avicennia sp. leaflitter. This research was conducted in April, Mei and August 2018 and aimed to determine the relationship between the productivity of mangrove and nutrient content (N and P) of Avicennia sp. litterfall. Samples were collected in Blanakan, Subang, West Java, using leaflitter trap in each ponds.

The result showed that the amount of leaflitter produced by Pond 1 was 2,15 gr/m2/day, Pond 2 was 2 gr/m2/day and Pond 3 was 1,7 gr/m2/day. Based on correlation analysis it showed that there were weak correlation between independent variabel (the production of mangrove and environment parameter) and nutrien (N and P) content. However there was strong correlation between rainfall and nutrien (P) content."

"ABSTRAKKandungan logam berat masih ditemukan pada beberapa biota budidaya di kawasan tambak Blanakan, Subang, seperti bandeng dan udang. Tambak Blanakan merupakan tambak tradisional sehingga bandeng dan udang akan tergantung pada makanan alaminya seperti fitoplankton. Bioakumulasi logam berat pada fitoplankton perlu diketahui karena air tambak yang tercemar logam berat berdampak pula pada fitoplankton.Logam berat seperti tembaga Cu dan seng Zn merupakan logam-logam esensial yang diperlukan oleh biota, namun konsentrasi yang berlebihan dapat membahayakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bioakumulasi logam Cu dan Zn pada fitoplankton di tambak terhadap lokasi sumber pencemar, menganalisis hubungan bioakumulasi Cu dan Zn pada fitoplankton dengan akumulasi Cu dan Zn pada sedimen, menganalisis hubungan bioakumulasi Cu dan Zn pada fitoplankton dengan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman fitoplankton, dan menganalisis hubungan bioakumulasi Cu dan Zn pada fitoplanktondengan kualitas perairan tambak. Pengukuran kandungan logam pada fitoplankton dan sedimen menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry AAS . Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians multivariat/multivariate analysis of variance manova dan analisis korelasi regresi. Disimpulkan bahwa bioakumulasi logam Cu dan Zn pada fitoplankton akan semakin tinggi jika tambak semakin dekat dengan lokasi sumber pencemar, kelimpahan fitoplankton semakin banyak, indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton semakin kecil, suhu, pH dan oksigen terlarut perairan tambak semakin tinggi serta salinitas perairan tambak semakin rendah.

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ABSTRACTThe heavy metal content is still found in some cultivation biota in the area of Blanakan pond, Subang, like milkfish and shrimp. Blanakan pond is a traditional pond so milkfish and shrimp will depend on natural food such as phytoplankton. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in phytoplankton should be known because the pond water contaminated by heavy metals also affects phytoplankton. Copper Cu and zinc Zn are the essential metals required by the biota, but excessive concentration can be dangerous. The purpose of this study was to know Cu and Zn bioaccumulation in phytoplankton at ponds against the location of pollutant sources, to analyzethe relationship between Cu and Zn bioaccumulation in phytoplankton with Cu and Zn accumulation in sediments, to analyzethe relationship between Cu and Zn bioaccumulation in phytoplankton with phytoplankton abundance and diversity, and to analyzethe relationship between Cu and Zn bioaccumulation in phytoplankton with pond water quality. Measurement of metal content in phytoplankton and sediment using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry AAS . Data analysis using multivariate analysis of variance manova and regression correlation analysis. It was concluded that Cu and Zn bioaccumulation in phytoplankton will be higher if the pond closer to the location of pollutant source, the more phytoplankton abundance, the smaller phytoplankton diversity index, the higher temperature, the pH and the dissolved oxygen of pond water and the lower salinity of pond water. "

"ABSTRACTKabupaten Subang merupakan salah satu sentra perikanan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Sebagai salah satu kawasan tambak terbesar, penting untuk menjaga kualitas perairan tambak di Blanakan, Kabupaten Subang. Produktivitas Primer dapaat digunakan untuk mengetahui kualitas suatu ekosistem, termasuk perairan tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai produktivitas primer serta kandungan unsur hara dan kelimpahan fitoplankton pad perairan tambak di Blanakan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga stasiun penelitian dan masing-masing terdiri dari 3 titik kedalaman, yaitu 0,5 m, 1 m, dan 1,5 m. Pembagian stasiun didasari pada vegetasi mangrove masing masing tambak, stasiun I memiliki vegetasi Avicennia marina, stasiun II Rhizopora mucronata, dan stasiun III memiliki vegetasi campuran kedua jenis dalam 1 tambak. Nilai produktivitas primer dilakukan menggunakan metode botol gelap-terang. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata nilai produktivitas primer yang berkisar antara 152,083 ndash; 260,417 mgC/m3/hari dengan rata-rata tertinggi diperoleh pada stasiun I dan terendah pada stasiun III. Dari hasil uji statistik diketahui bahwa nilai produktivitas primer antar stasiun tidak berbeda signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi pearsondiketahui bahwa produktivitas primer berkorelasi sangat kuat terhadap unsur hara nitrat, fosfat, klorofil-a dan kelimpahan fitoplankton.

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ABSTRACTSubang regency is one of the largest fisheries area in West Java. As one of the largest fishpond area in West Java, it is important to maintain the quality of fishpond area in Blanakan, Subang. Primary productivity can be used to defined the quality of an ecosystem include fishpond. The aim of this research was to measure the value of primary productivity in Blanakan fishpond, know the correlation among phytoplankton abundance, nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyl a with primary productivity, and analyze the significance differences of primary productivity among three stations. The samples were collected from three sampling station based on its mangrove vegetation, station I consists of Avicennia marina, station II Rhizopora mucronata, while station III is a mixed mangrove vegetation fishpond consists of Avicennia marina and Rhizopora mucronata. Each of the stations were divided into three points based on different depth which consist of 0,5 meters, 1 meters, and 1,5 meters. The measurement of primary productivity was done by light dark bottle method. Meanwhile, the concentration of nitrate, phosphate and chloropyl a were measured by spectrophotometer method. The result showed that the value of primary productivity ranged from 152,083 to 260,417 mgC m3 day with the highest value obtained at station I and the lowest value at station III. According to statistical test, there is no significance differences of primary productivity value among three stations. Correlation analysis also showed that primary productivity was correlated strongly with niitrate, phosphate, chloropyl a and phytoplankton abundance. "

"Muara Sungai Blanakan yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah pesisir yang tinggi aktivitas perikanan tangkap dan tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik di air, sedimen, dan ikan kuro (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) serta mengkaji komposisinya. Sampel air dan sedimen diambil dari 4 titik di sekitar muara bersama 12 individu ikan kuro. Sampel air dan sedimen diekstraksi menggunakan reagen Fenton. Sementara insang, saluran pencernaan dan daging yang dibedah pada tiap individu didestruksi dengan KOH 10%. Seluruh larutan sampel yang telah di destruksi disaring menggunakan vacuum pump dengan kertas saring Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane ukuran pori 0,45 μm. Identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan dengan pengamatan melalui mikroskop untuk perhitungan kelimpahan serta komposisi mikroplastik yang dikategorikan berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, dan warna. Sementara jenis polimer dianalisis menggunakan Raman microscopes spectrometer. Penelitian ini menunjukkan mikroplastik ditemukan pada seluruh sampel dan lokasi penelitian dengan kelimpahan yang berbeda. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air didapatkan 710 ± 183,34 partikel/m3 dan pada sedimen 879,63 ± 205,14 partikel/kg. Sementara pada organ dan jaringan ikan berturut-turut dari kelimpahan terbesar diperoleh 16,64 ± 9,09 partikel/gr pada saluran pencernaan, 11,95 ± 5,33 partikel/gr pada insang, dan 3,55 ± 0,81 partikel/gr pada daging. Secara keseluruhan, komposisi mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini merupakan bentuk fiber, fragmen, film, dan pellet, dengan tidak ditemukannya bentuk foam. Ukuran mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan pada air, sedimen, dan jaringan daging ikan merupakan <300 μm. Sementara pada insang dan saluran pencernaan, ukuran >1000 μm paling banyak ditemukan. Warna biru pada studi ini menjadi warna mikroplastik yang paling mendominasi. Polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan merupakan polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), dan polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di air maupun sedimen terhadap akumulasi mikroplastik pada ikan kuro.

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Blanakan River estuary in Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia is a coastal area with a high fishing and ponds activities. This study aims to examined the abundance and composition of microplastic contamination in water, sediment, and fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum). Water and sediment samples were obtained at 4 various location around the estuary with 12 individual fourfinger threadfin fish. Water and sediment samples were extracted using Fenton's reagent. The dissected gills, digestive tracts and muscles were destroyed with 10% KOH. All digested sample solution are filtered using a vacuum pump and Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane filter paper with a 0.45 μm pore size. Identification of microplastics was carried out by microscope observation to calculate the abundance and composition of microplastics which were categorized based on shape, size and color. While the type of polymer was analyzed using a Raman microscopes spectrometer. This study demonstated that microplastics were found at all samples and research locations with different abundances. The average abundance of microplastics in water was 710 ± 183.34 particles/m3 and in the sediment sample was 879.63 ± 205.14 particles/kg. While in fish, the highest abundance was found in the digestive tract at 16.64 ± 9.09 particles/gr, followed gills at 11.95 ± 5.33 particles/gr, and muscle at 3.55 ± 0.81 particles/gr. Overall, the composition of microplastics form consisted of fiber, fragments, films, and pellets; foam was absent in this study. The most frequent size of microplastic found in water, sediment, and fish tissue is <300 μm. While sizes greater than 1000 μm are most frequently observed in the gills and digestive tract. In this study, blue is the predominant microplastic color. Microplastic polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The correlation test showed that there was no correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment with the accumulation of microplastics in fourfinger threadfin fish."

"Mikroplastik merupakan potongan plastik kecil berukuran 1 μm hingga 5 mm bersifat bioavailable dan ubiquitous. Muara disebut sebagai titik panas mikroplastik karena saat mikroplastik dari sungai memasuki muara, gelombang, pasang surut, dan angin mampu memengaruhi lintasan dan kecepatan partikel masuk ke laut serta pengendapan mikroplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan komposisi bentuk, ukuran, serta jenis polimer mikroplastik yang terakumulasi pada air, sedimen, dan ikan bandeng Chanos chanos di muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat titik lokasi. Sampel air disaring menggunakan plankton net 300 μm, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Van Veen Grab, dan sampel ikan diambil menggunakan bubu. Sampel air diekstraksi dengan larutan H2O2 30% serta FeSO4 0,05 M. Begitu pula dengan sampel sedimen yang sebelumnya telah disuspensi larutan NaCl. Sementara itu, jaringan dan organ daging, insang, dan saluran pencernaan dari 11 sampel ikan bandeng Chanos chanos diisolasi dan diekstraksi menggunakan larutan KOH. Sampel mikroplastik diamati di atas kertas Whatman cellulose nitrate dan dianalisis menggunakan mikroskop. Identifikasi mikroplastik dikelompokkan berdasarkan bentuk yaitu fiber, fragmen, film, pellet, dan foam, serta ukuran yaitu <300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm, dan >1000 μm. Identifikasi jenis polimer dilakukan dengan metode Raman spektrometeri. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air berkisar 526,67 - 946,67 partikel/m3, sedangkan sedimen berkisar 674,07 - 1074,07 partikel/kg dengan dominasi bentuk fiber baik di air maupun sedimen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik ikan bandeng Chanos chanos adalah 43,06 partikel/individu dengan urutan kelimpahan mikroplastik jaringan tertinggi yaitu insang, daging, dan saluran pencernaan. Jenis polimer mikroplastik yang terdeteksi adalah polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), dan poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara keberadaan mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen terhadap ikan bandeng Chanos chanos.

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Microplastics are small pieces of plastic range in size from 1 μm to 5 mm that are bioavailable and ubiquitous. Estuaries are known as "microplastic hot spots" due to the fact that when river microplastic enters an estuary, then waves, tides, and wind can change the direction and speed of the particles entering the sea and the deposition of microplastic. This study aims to analyze the abundance and composition of shape, size, and types of microplastic polymers that accumulate in water, sediment, and milkfish Chanos chanos in the estuary of Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. Sampling was carried out at four sampling points. Water samples were filtered using a 300 μm plankton net, sediment samples were taken using a Van Veen Grab, and fish samples with a trap. Water sample were extracted with 30% H2O2 solution and 0,05 M FeSO4. The same was applicable to sediment samples that had been previously suspended in NaCl solution. Meanwhile, tissues and organs of muscles, gills, and digestive tract from 11 samples of milkfish Chanos chanos were isolated and extracted using KOH solution. Microplastic samples were observed on Whatman cellulose nitrate paper and analyzed using a microscope. Microplastics are categorized according to form, namely fiber, fragment, pellet, film, foam, and size, namely <300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm, and > 1000 μm. The Raman spectrometry method was used to determine the type of polymer. In sediment samples, the amount of microplastics ranged from 674,07 to 1074,07 particles/kg, while the abundance in water samples ranged from 526,67 to 946,67 particles/m3. Fiber predominated in both water and sediment. The abundance of microplastics in milkfish Chanos chanos was 43,06 particles/individual with the biggest tissue microplastic abundance starting with the gills, meat, and digestive tract. The types of microplastic polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The correlation test revealed that there was no relationship between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment for the milkfish Chanos chanos."

"Plastik merupakan bahan stabilitas tinggi hasil polimerisasi monomer dengan tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi. Sampah plastik berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena partikel penyusunnya memiliki ketahanan dan kestabilan tinggi sehingga proses degradasinya berlangsung lama. Di lingkungan perairan, plastik akan mengalami degradasi atau penguraian menjadi partikel kecil yang disebut mikroplastik (<5 mm). Partikel mikroplastik berpotensi termakan oleh berbagai biota perairan sehingga membahayakan siklus rantai makanan melalui proses biomagnifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik mikroplastik (bentuk, ukuran, dan jenis polimer) pada air, sedimen dan ikan belanak Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) pada organ dan jaringan (daging, insang, saluran pencernaan) di Muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan pengambilan sampel dengan  air  diambil sebanyak 50 L lalu disaring menggunakan plankton net hingga tertampung volume air 1000 mL, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Vanveen grab hingga tertampung pada jar 500 mL dan sampel ikan belanak diambil 10 ekor menggunakan bubu. Ekstraksi sampel sedimen dilakukan dengan pemberian larutan NaCl jenuh dengan perbandingan 1 (sedimen): 2 (NaCl jenuh), kemudian diberi larutan H2O2 30% + FeSO4 0,05 M  dengan perbandingan 1:1 untuk sampel air dan sedimen. Ekstraksi sampel ikan dilakukan dengan mengambil jaringan dan organ yang digunakan, ditimbang dan dan diberi larutan KOH 10% sebanyak 50 mL. Sampel air, sedimen dan ikan disaring menggunakan kertas saring Whatman dan diidentifikasi mikroplastik menggunakan mikroskop olympus CX22LED. Analisis polimer mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode Raman Spectroscopy. Uji statistik seperti uji kruskal-walis, one way anova, dan uji regresi spearman dan pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata total kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air 710 ± 183,34  partikel meter-3, sedimen 879,63 ± 205,13 partikel Kg-1 dan ikan belanak 210,8 ± 108,80 partikel individu-1. Nilai kelimpahan mikroplastik ikan belanak jika diurutkan dari yang tertinggi hingga terkecil adalah daging, saluran pencernaan, dan insang. Secara keseluruhan, bentuk dan ukuran mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber dan <300 µm. Polimer mikroplastik yang dominan adalah PET, PP, dan PVC. Berdasarkan hasil uji beda nyata kelimpahan mikroplastik antar organ dan jaringan ikan belanak menunjukan tidak memiliki perbedaannya yang signifikan. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Muara Sungai Blanakan terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik di ikan belanak.

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Plastik is a high-stability material resulting from the polymerization of monomers, with a high level of usage. In aquatic environments, plastic undergoes photo-oxidative degradation by UV radiation from the sun and chemical processes, leading to the breakdown of plastic waste into small particles known as microplastics (<5 mm). Microplastic particles have the potential to be ingested by various aquatic organisms, posing a risk to the food chain through biomagnification. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of microplastics in water, sediment, and the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in different organs and tissues (muscle, gills, digestive tract) in the Blanakan River Estuary, Subang, West Java, based on their shape, size, and polymer types. Water samples were collected in a volume of 50 L, filtered using a plankton net to obtain a final volume of 1000 mL. Sediment samples were collected using a Vanveen grab and stored in 500 mL jars, while flathead grey mullet samples were collected using bubu (10 individuals). Sediment sample extraction was performed using a saturated NaCl solution with a ratio of 1 (sediment) to 2 (saturated NaCl solution), followed by the addition of a 30% H2O2 + 0.05 M FeSO4 solution in a 1:1 ratio for water and sediment samples. Fish sample extraction involved weighing and placing the tissues and organs in a glass beaker, followed by the addition of a 10% KOH solution in a volume of 50 mL. The water, sediment, and fish samples were then filtered using Whatman filter paper with the assistance of a vacuum pump, and placed in Petri dishes for microplastic identification using an Olympus CX22LED microscope. Polymer analysis of microplastics was performed using Raman Spectroscopy. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests were used to determine significant differences in the abundance and composition of microplastics (size and shape) in water, sediment, flathead grey mullet, and their respective organs. Spearman and Pearson correlation tests were used to investigate the influence of water and sediment, as well as morphometric values, on microplastic accumulation in flathead grey mullet. The research findings showed an average total abundance of microplastics in water to be 710 ± 183,34 particles meter-3, in sediment to be 879,63 ± 205,13 particles kilogram-1, and in flathead grey mullet to be 210,8 ± 108,80 particles individual-1. When ranked in descending order, the abundance of microplastics in the three parts of the flathead grey mullet were as follows: flesh, digestive tract, and gills. Overall, the most commonly found forms and sizes of microplastics were microplastic fibers and those below 300 µm. The polymer analysis revealed that the microplastics found in the Blanakan River Estuary were dominated by PET (40%),  PP (40%), and PVC (20%). Based on the significant difference test for microplastic abundance among different parts of the flathead grey mullet, no significant differences were found. The Spearman correlation test indicated a correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment in the Blanakan River Estuary and the abundance of microplastics in flathead grey mullet."

"Plastik merupakan salah satu barang yang memiliki tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi hingga mencapai skala produksi sebesar 300 juta ton pertahun. Limbah plastik di perairan membutuhkan waktu hingga ratusan tahun untuk terdegradasi karena karakteristiknya yang kuat, tahan lama, dan tahan terhadap suhu tinggi. Proses degradasi limbah plastik di perairan disebabkan oleh sinar UV yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan bentuk dan ukuran menjadi lebih kecil (mikroplastik) atau tercampur di dalam air (< 5mm). Ukuran yang kecil menyebabkan mikroplastik dapat dengan mudah termakan oleh biota perairan, seperti ikan atau melalui mangsanya yang lebih kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi dan kelimpahan mikroplastik berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, dan polimer pada air, sedimen, serta organ dan jaringan ikan kiper Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) di muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel air sebanyak 50 L lalu disaring menggunakan plankton net hingga mendapatkan 1 L sampel air, pengambilan sedimen dilakukan menggunakan Van Veen grab lalu dimasukkan ke dalam jar HDPE 500 ml, dan pengambilan sampel ikan sebanyak 10 individu dilakukan menggunakan alat tangkap bubu. Sampel air ditambahkan larutan H2O2 30% dan FeSO4 0,05 M masing-masing sebanyak 25 ml. Sampel sedimen dicampurkan larutan NaCl dengan perbandingan sebesar 1 : 2 dan didiamkan. H2O2 30% dan FeSO4 0,05 M ditambahkan hingga sampel terendam. Sampel ikan dibedah untuk diambil bagian insang, saluran pencernaan, dan daging. Setiap bagian dihancurkan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% dengan perbandingan 1 : 10 dan didiamkan. Sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan dipipet sebanyak 40 ml dan disaring menggunakan kertas saring cellulose nitrate dengan bantuan vacuum pump lalu kertas saring ditempatkan di cawan petri. Sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan kiper diamati pada kertas saring menggunakan mikroskop Olympus CX22 dan analisis polimer mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode Raman Spectroscopy. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji one way ANOVA, Kruskal wallis, dan Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air sebesar 710 partikel/m3, sedimen sebesar 879,63 partikel/kg, dan ikan sebesar 74,77 partikel/individu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik dari yang tertinggi hingga terkecil pada ikan kiper terdapat di daging, saluran pencernaan, dan insang. Komposisi mikroplastik paling dominan berupa bentuk fiber dan ukuran < 300 µm. Polimer yang ditemukan bertipe PET, PP, dan PVC. Uji Kruskal wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara nyata kelimpahan mikroplastik antar organ dan jaringan ikan. Uji Pearson menunjukkan adanya korelasi kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik di ikan.

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Plastic is one of the commodities with a high level of usage, reaching a production scale of 300 million tons per year. Plastic waste in water takes hundreds of years to degrade due to its strong, durable, and heat-resistant characteristics. The degradation process of plastic waste in water is caused by UV radiation, which leads to changes in shape and size, resulting in smaller particles (microplastics) or mixing with water (< 5mm). The small size of microplastics makes them easily ingestible by aquatic organisms, such as fish, or through their prey, which are smaller in size. This research aims to analyze the composition and abundance of microplastics based on their form, size, and polymer in water, sediments, as well as the organs and tissues of the Scatophagus argus(Linnaeus, 1766) fish in the estuary of the Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. The research method involved collecting 50 liters of water samples, which were then filtered using a plankton net to obtain a 1-liter water sample. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab and placed in a 500 ml HDPE jar, while fish samples were collected using a fish trap, with a total of 10 individuals. The water sample was treated with 25 ml of 30% H2O2 and 0.05 M FeSO4 solutions. The sample was mixed with a NaCl solution in a ratio of 1:2 and left to settle. H2O2 (30%) and FeSO4 (0.05 M) were added until the sample was fully submerged. The samples were dissected to obtain gill, digestive tract, and muscle tissue. Each part was crushed using a 10% KOH solution in a 1:10 ratio and left to settle. Water, sediment, and fish samples were pipetted (40 ml) and filtered using cellulose nitrate filter paper with the assistance of a vacuum pump, and the filter papers were placed in Petri dishes. The water, sediment, and fish samples were observed on the filter paper using an Olympus CX22 microscope, and the analysis of microplastic polymers was conducted using Raman Spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson tests. The results of the study showed that the average abundance of microplastics in water samples was 710 particles/m3, in sediments it was 879.63 particles/kg, and in fish it was 74.77 particles/individual. The highest abundance of microplastics in the kiper fish was found in the muscle tissue, followed by the digestive tract and gills. The dominant composition of microplastics was in the form of fibers and with a size of < 300 µm. The polymers found were PET, PP, and PVC. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference in microplastic abundance among the organs and tissues of fish. The Pearson test showed a correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediments with the abundance of microplastics in fish."