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"ABSTRAKPerdagangan spesies flora dan fauna adalah salah satu ancaman terbesar terhadap keberlangsungan spesies-spesies tersebut. Mekanisme hukum untuk mengendalikan perdagangan tersebut dapat dibedakan secara umum menjadi larangan perdagangan trade ban , dimana perdagangan dilarang total, serta pasar terkontrol regulated market , dimana perdagangan diperbolehkan dengan pembatasan. Tulisan ini meneliti mekanisme manakah yang lebih sesuai untuk diterapkan sebagai strategi konservasi, dengan mempelajari kedua mekanisme di Indonesia, Peru, India, dan Afrika Selatan. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah baik larangan perdagangan maupun pasar terkontrol adalah mekanisme pengendalian yang efektif terhadap spesies-spesies yang berbeda, tergantung dari kondisi dan faktor-faktor seputar spesies yang bersangkutan. Faktor yang paling utama adalah karakteristik biologis dan situasi pasar terhadap spesies, serta paradigma kebijakan yang sudah diambil oleh negara habitat spesies terkait. Berbekal hasil penemuan tersebut, tulisan ini juga meneliti mengenai kebijakan Indonesia saat ini dan masa depan, dan menemukan bahwa regulasi Indonesia yang ada sekarang masih belum cukup komprehensif dalam mengatur penetapan status perlindungan spesies, serta faktor-faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika memilih memberlakukan larangan perdagangan atau pasar terkontrol terhadap suatu spesies. Sementara kebijakan di masa depan dalam bentuk Rancangan Undang-Undang, telah memperbaiki permasalahan penetapan status perlindungan spesies, namun masih belum mengatur pertimbangan dalam pemilihan mekanisme secara lengkap, terutama faktor pasar terhadap suatu spesies. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini menyarankan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengevaluasi ulang mekanisme pengendalian yang diterapkan pada setiap spesies, untuk memastikan bahwa strategi yang dipilih saat ini tidak akan malah memperburuk upaya konservasi suatu spesies

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ABSTRAKWildlife trade is one of the biggest factor threatening the existence of various species. Policies to regulate and control those trade can generally be categorized as trade ban, where any trade is prohibited, and regulated market, where trade is permitted within a strict limit. This paper investigates which policy is more suited to serve the purpose of species conservation, by studying their practices in Indonesia, Peru, India, and South Africa. It finds that both trade ban and regulated market are actually effective for different types of species, depending on each species rsquo condition and circumstances. The main factors to consider include the biological characteristic and the market condition of said species, as well as the existing policy in the regulating State. Using those factors as point of analysis, this paper also investigates Indonesia rsquo s current and future regulation, and finds that Indonesia rsquo s current policy did not cover a comprehensive categorization of protected species, and did not allow an informed decision making proccess in determining between applying trade ban or regulated market to a species. While its future regulation in the form of Rancangan Undang Undang, has tried to fix some issues such as the categorization of protected species, but still failed to regulate a comprehensive considerations in determining which policy to choose, particularly concerning the market of a species. Therefore, this paper recommends the government of Indonesia to re evaluate all protected species on whether the current policy being implemented is really the right one for them, rather than being detrimental to the very conservation of said species."

"Perdagangan satwa liar yang dilindungi di DKI Jakarta merupakan bentuk dari wildlife crime yang akan berdampak pada manusia itu sendiri. Meskipun upaya penanganan telah dilakukan, namun pada kenyataannya kejahatan tersebut masih marak terjadi. Menggunakan pendekatan routine activity theory yang memiliki kerangka analisis segitiga kejahatan (crime triangle analysis) dapat menjelaskan mengapa penanganan kejahatan telah gagal untuk diterapkan, dengan melakukan peninjauan terhadap kinerja aktor pengendali (guardian, handler, manager). Hasil dari peninjauan tersebut menjelaskan bahwa kegagalan disebabkan oleh rendahnya komitmen dan kemampuan dari aktor pengendali kejahatan. Kemudian, kegagalan tersebut dapat ditangani dengan menghadiran super controllers atau elemen yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja aktor pengendali kejahatan. Terkait bentuk pengaruhnya terhadap aktor pengendali, super controller terbagi menjadi sepuluh tipe yang dikelompokan dalam tiga kategori besar. Maka dari itu, penulisan ini diakhiri dengan pembahasan tentang implikasi pentingnya meninjau pemilihan tipe super controller yang akan digunakan dalam suatu penanganan kejahatan.

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The trade of protected wildlife in DKI Jakarta is a form of wildlife crime which will have an impact on humans themselves. Even though efforts have been made to deal with it, in reality these crimes are still often occur. Using a routine activity theory approach that has a crime triangle analysis framework can explain why crime handling has failed to be implemented by conducting a review of the performance of controlling actors (guardian, handler, manager). The results of the review explained that the failure was caused by the low commitment and ability of the crime controlling actors. Then, these failures can be handled by introducing super controllers or elements that can affect the performance of the controlling crime actor. Regarding the shape of its influence on controlling actors, super controllers are divided into ten types which are grouped into three broad categories. Therefore, this thesis ends with a discussion of the implications of the importance of reviewing the selection of the type of super controller that will be used in a crime handling"

"Penelitian ini membahas peran Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan dalam upaya untuk menggurangi perdagangan ilegal. Permasalahan pelaksanaan kebijakan UU No.5 Tahun 1990 yang tidak jalan karena ringannya hukum di berlakukan serta pengawasasan oleh polhut yang tidak efektif karena terbatasnya SDM Polhut. Penelitian ini Post-positivis yang mengkaitkan hasil penelitiannya dengan teori Bell dan McGillivary peran pemerintah sebagai Administrative Regulation, Anticipatory Continuing Controls, Planning Prevention, dan Protecting Nature. Dari keempat dimensi belum berjalan dengan baik karena masih ada kendala dan kebijakan dasar sedang direvisi maka pemerintah menerapkan sistem multidoor untuk memberatkan sanksi yang diberikan dan bekerjasama dengan MMP, penyidik PNS, WCS dan WWF.Kata Kunci: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Peran Pemerintah, Perdagangan, ilegal satwa liar.

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This undergraduate thesis discussesd the role of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry from the efforts made in tackling illegal trade in protected wildlife. The problem is implementation policy of law No.5 of 1990 not appropriate with procedure as casually given minor offences, monitoring is also less effective due to a number of forest ranger in addition. This Post positivis research which related result of the research and theory of Bell and McGillivary on the role of the Government as the Administrative Regulation, Anticipatory Continuing Controls, Planning Prevention and Protecting Nature. The four dimenstion are not well on of this research that Law is being revised so the government implements multidoor system to burden the sanction and cooperate with MMP, PPNS, WCS, WWF."

"Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, dikenal sebagai ldquo;hotspot rdquo; perdagangan jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar karena perannya sebagai peyuplai terbesar di kawasan Asia. Di saat yang sama, Indonesia juga dikenal sebagai negara dengan laju penurunan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Penurunan ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh maraknya perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar. Selama ini, upaya penegakan hukum atas kejahatan tersebut hanya berfokus pada jenis yang dilindungi saja. Hal ini dikarenakan Undang-undang No. 5 tahun 1990 sebagai induk kebijakan konservasi di Indonesia tidak memberikan ketentuan sanksi yang memadai terhadap kegiatan perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar, khususnya bagi jenis yang tidak dilindungi. Padahal, terdapat banyak jenis, yang tidak termasuk jenis yang dilindungi, namun berada dalam kondisi populasi yang terancam dan masih diperdagangkan secara bebas. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan tujuan untuk mencari alternatif instrumen penegakan hukum yang dapat menjerat para pelaku perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi undang-undang. Dengan mengambil sudut pandang yang lebih luas terhadap aktifitas perdagangan, tidak terbatas pada aktifitas jual beli saja, maka terdapat beberapa undang-undang yang dapat dijadikan alternatif instrumen penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan ini, yaitu ; undang-undang tindak tindak pidana korupsi, undang-undang kepabeanan, undang-undang karantina ikan, hewan, dan tumbuhan, undang-undang kehutanan, serta undang-undang perikanan. Keberadaan undang-undang ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum, namun, hal ini tidak mengurangin urgensi untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan dalam undang-undang konservasi sumber daya alam hayati yang selama ini berlaku di Indonesia.

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Indonesia, as one of the countries that has very high rates of biodiversity, is well known as the ldquo hotspot rdquo of international wildlife trade because of its role as the biggest supplier in Asia. However, Indonesia is also well known as the country that experienced massive biodiversity degradation, which is mostly caused by the high number of illegal trading of plant, animal, and other wildlife form. Until this very day, the law enforcement on illegal wildlife trade is only focused on protected species because Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1990, as the prime reference of conservation rsquo s policy in Indonesia, does not provide adequate instrument of sanction on illegal trade of unprotected species, whereas there are lots of species in Indonesia that are threatened in the wild and are still being traded illegally. This research is using juridical normative approach, with the purpose to provide an alternative instrument of law enforcement on illegal trading of unprotected species from another act aside of Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1990. If we consider the trade of wildlife as more than a process of selling and buying, then there are some acts that can be used as an alternative of law enforcement instrument, such as an anti corruption act, anti money laundering act, custom act, quarantine act, forestry act, and fisheries act. Those acts are used only as an alternative, and it does not lessen the urgency to evaluate the current conservation policy in Indonesia itself."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang melimpah. Lebih dari 10-20 jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia berada di wilayah Indonesia. Namun sekarang ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa factor yang salah satu diantaranya adalah banyaknya jumlah perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia. Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya mengatur bahwa perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi sebagai suatu tindak pidana. Indonesia yang meratifikasi CITES pada tahun 1978 juga harus mengikuti ketentuan CITES dalam mengatur dan mengupayakan perlindungan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi.Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan ilegal Trenggiling sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Sejak bulan Oktober 2016, Trenggiling telah dimasukkan dalam daftar Appendiks I CITES sehingga perdagangan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil maupun keadaan luar biasa. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan Trenggiling masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan penegakan hukum dalam peraturan nasional masih belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak aparat penegak hukum yang belum menyadari dan mengerti secara penuh ancaman terhadap ekosistem ketika perdagangan satwa liar marak terjadi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan ilegal satwa liar ini.

---

Indonesia is a country which has high biodiversity.10 20 of plant and animal species in this world are exist in Indonesia. But nowadays the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factor, one of which is the number of illegal wildlife trade in Indonesia which grows rapidly. Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems rules that trading protected species is a crime. Indonesia as a country who has ratified CITES in 1978 should follow the convention to sought the regulation which create the law to protect wildlife species.

This thesis will take case study of Pangolin Manis javanica illegal trade. Since October 2016, Pangolin has been put to the list of Appendix I CITES which means the trade of this species is prohibited except for non commercial purpose or extraordinary reasons. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Indonesia Law cannot be executed optimally. This can happen because many of the law enforcers do not fully understand the threats of wildlife illegal trade to the ecosystem destruction. So it is necessary to improve all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such wildlife trade."

"Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati tertinggi di dunia. Walaupun Indonesia sudah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 1973 (CITES), tetapi Indonesia belum mengimplementasikan aturan-aturan CITES secara optimal. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih banyaknya penyelundupan satwa di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah kasus dengan Putusan Nomor: 496 /Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Dps. yang akan dibahas dalam tesis ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan sering terjadinya kasus penyelundupan satwa di Indonesia, mengkaji langkah-langkah yang sebaiknya diambil Indonesia dalam mencegah terjadinya kembali kasus penyelundupan satwa yang dilindungi oleh CITES, dan menganalisis tindakan suatu negara ketika satwa hasil penyelundupan masuk ke negaranya. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyelundupan satwa secara besar dikarenakan oleh faktor ekonomi dan ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai satwa yang dilindungi. Salah satu langkah yang tepat untuk mencegah terjadinya penyelundupan satwa adalah mengadakan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya perlindungan satwa yang ada di Indonesia serta dampak yang ditimbulkan.

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Indonesia is known as one of many countries which has the highest biodiversity in the world. Although Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in 1973 (CITES), but Indonesia does not implement CITES rules optimally. This is evidenced by wildlife smuggling in Indonesia, one of many cases is the case with Decision No. 496 /Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Dps. which will be discussed in this thesis. The aims of this study are to analyze the factors that cause frequent occurrence of smuggling cases of wildlife in Indonesia, review the steps that should be taken by Indonesia to prevent the recurrence of smuggling cases of protected species by CITES, and analyze the actions of countries when those animals entry to country. Factors that cause wildlife smuggling is an economic factor and the ignorance of the public regarding the protected animals. One of the appropriate measures to prevent the wildlife smuggling is the socialization and education to the public about the importance of wildlife protection in Indonesia and its impact."

"Perdagangan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia menunjukkanpeningkatan yang semakin marak beberapa tahun belakangan, baik secara langsungmaupun melalui dunia maya. Kenyataan bahwa banyak dari praktik perdagangantersebut yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlakumenunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidakjelasan penegakan hukum dalam perdagangansatwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia. Perdagangan satwa liar yang tidakdilindungi di Indonesia harus diatur dengan jelas dan rinci dalam peraturanperundang-undangan sehingga dapat mendorong penegakan hukum yang tepat dansesuai. Oleh karena itu, penulis memandang perlu meninjau kembali pengaturan,penerapan dan penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar yang tidakdilindungi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis-normatifmelalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara kepada beberapa narasumber. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan dan penegakan hukum dalamperdagangan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia sampai saat ini tidakberjalan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Pada akhir penelitian,penulis memberi saran kepada pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pengawasanterhadap perdagangan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia sertamempertimbangkan insentif, disinsentif, maupun sanksi administratif dan pidanasebagai bentuk- bentuk pilihan penegakan hukum dalam pengaturan perdagangansatwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia.

---

The unprotected wildlife trade in Indonesia has shown an increasing trend in recent

years, both directly and through cyberspace. The fact that many of these trading

practices are not in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations shows that

there is a lack of clarity in the law enforcement of the unprotected wildlife trade in

Indonesia. The unprotected wildlife trade in Indonesia must be regulated clearly

and in detail in the laws and regulations so as to stimulate accurate and appropriate

law enforcement. Therefore, the author consider it is necessary to review the

regulation, implementation, and the law enforcement of the unprotected wildlife

trade in Indonesia. This research was conducted using legal-normative method

through literature study and interviews with several experts. The result of this study

indicate that the implementation and the law enforcement in the unprotected

wildlife trade in Indonesia has not been conducted according to the prevailing laws

and regulations. At the end of the thesis, the author recommend the government to

increase the supervision of the unprotected wildlife trade in Indonesia and to

consider incentive, disincentive, as well as administrative and criminal sanctions

as the forms of law enforcement options in the unprotected wildlife trade regulation

in Indonesia"

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alamnya yang tinggi. Tercatat bahwa negara Indonesia memiliki 10-20% dari jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia. Namun dewasa ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Terancamnya kehidupan mereka disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah maraknya perdagangan satwa liar khususnya untuk satwa liar yang dilindungi di Indonesia. Kegiatan perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi merupakan tindak pidana menurut undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya. Terlebih lagi, Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) pada tahun 1978 melalui Keputusan Presiden No. 43 tahun 1978, yang pada intinya Konvensi ini memberikan mekanisme internasional untuk mengatur perdagangan satwa liar. CITES mengatur dan mengawasi perdagangan dengan menggunakan ?daftar negatif? seperti perdagangan semua spesies yang diperbolehkan dan tidak diatur kecuali spesies tersebut muncul di appendiks. Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sulphurea) sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Burung ini termasuk satwa yang dilindungi dan juga termasuk dalam Appendiks I CITES. Oleh karena itu baik perdagangan dalam negeri dan untuk tujuan ekspor adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar sebagaimana diatur dalam UU No.5 Tahun 1990 belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak para penegak hukum yang belum memahami secara penuh ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati ketika banyak terjadi perdagangan illegal satwa liar yang dilindungi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan di semua faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan tersebut.ABSTRACTIndonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade., Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.]"

"Skripsi ini menganalisis implementasi dari Otoritas Manajemen di Indonesia berdasarkan ketentuan hukum dari Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . Thesis ini akan membahas implementasi penegakan hukum akan perdagangan hewan langka dari segi international, regional, yang pada akhirnya mengerucut ke implementasinya di tingkat nasional di Indonesia. Penulis menemukan bahwa adanya ketentuan yang memberikan dua instansi negara menyebabkan susahnya isu perdagangan ilegal hewan langka ditegakkan. Penulis percaya bahwa dengan adanya kerjasama regional dan penggunaan sumberdaya dari ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement Network, perdagangan hewan liar dapat dikontrol hingga dapat menjadi pendapatan stabil untuk negara.

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This research shall analyze the implementation of the Management Authority in Indonesia as based on the legal instructions of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). It shall discuss the implementation wildlife trade enforcement stage-by-stage from an international platform, a regional co-operation platform and finally leading into its implementation at a national level in Indonesia. Through the writing process, the writer has found that from a legal perspective, other then Indonesias lack of capacity to address this problem, endangered wildlife trade enforcement has been unable to reach its optimal level due to the overlaying laws which give authority to more than one state institution to excercise this right. Though such distribution of power is allowed by the CITES, Indonesia still needs to develop an optimal effort to address illegal endangered wildlife trade. The writer believes that this can be done by Indonesia through utilizing the resources of the regional wildlife enforcement, ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement Network, thus making endangered wildlife species trade a viable asset for the country."