Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Tesis ini meneliti tentang hambatan yang dihadapi negara anggota ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration ADIC dalam membentuk platform persenjataan. Dalam menganalisis hambatan tersebut tesis ini ldquo;meminjam rdquo; variabel Revolution in Military Affairs RMA yaitu teknologi, doktrin, dan organisasi militer yang didasari oleh ancaman terhadap masing-masing negara anggota ADIC. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan karakteristik militer masing-masing negara anggota ADIC. Kaitannya dengan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana karakteristik militer mempengaruhi penentuan platform persenjataan yang akan dibangun dalam ADIC. Analisis tersebut memberikan hasil bahwa antarnegara anggota ADIC tidak memiliki common ground dalam menentukan jenis platform persenjataan. Oleh karena itu, jika merujuk kepada doktrin, teknologi, dan organisasi militer yang ada, maka kerja sama ADIC diasumsikan tidak akan berjalan secara efektif, sehingga dibutuhkan satu kebijakan dari keempat negara ADIC. Tujuan kebijakan tersebut adalah untuk menjembatani berbagai perbedaan yang ada, sehingga sangat dibutuhkan keputusan bersama diantara negara-negara anggota ADIC.

---

This Thesis is a study of the impediments to The ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration ADIC in determining its weapons platforms. In analyzing the impediments, this thesis refers to the concept of Revolution in Military Affairs RMA which formulates that the technology, doctrine, and military organization which are influenced by each member of ADIC. The RMA is a useful concept for portraying the military characteristics of each member. The casuality that constructed in this research is between the doctrinairy, technological, and organizational features of military and weapons platform determination in ADIC. This thesis finds that there is no common ground in determining weapons platforms held by members of ADIC. There is discrepancy in existing technology, doctrine, and military organization among member of ADIC and it creates a strong impediment to determine of weapons platforms without stronger collaboration and setting tangible policy aims to solve common ground absence, ADIC will not go effectively."

"Tesis ini membahas kolaborasi industri pertahanan di kawasan Asia Tenggara oleh Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) melalui kerangka kerja sama ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration (ADIC). Kolaborasi ini merupakan bagian dari kerja sama forum ASEAN Defense Minister Meeting (ADMM) yang berdiri tahun 2011. ADIC dibentuk untuk membentuk suatu platform alat pertahanan ataupun persenjataan yang dapat digunakan secara bersama dengan biaya yang cukup rendah. Negara-negara Asia Tenggara yang terlibat di dalam ADIC di antaranya adalah empat negara besar Asia Tenggara seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, dan Thailand. Walaupun demikian, hingga saat ini ADIC belum menunjukkan perkembangan yang signifikan, dan terlihat gagal dalam mencapai tujuannya di dalam concept paper pembentukannya. Penelitian yang menggunakan kerangka analisis berupa Economic Collaboration ini menemukan bahwa terdapat faktor-faktor penghambat yang menyebabkan kegagalan kerja sama. Faktor-faktor in berasal dari hubungan kelembagaan di dalam keempat negara tersebut yang saling berbeda dan bermasalah, ditambah dengan persepsi ancaman yang cukup berbeda dari keempat negara tersebut. Selain itu, faktor eksternal kawasan yang berasal dari negara-negara major powers OEM juga mempengaruhi kegagalan dari ADIC untuk mengurangi impor alat pertahanan di kawasan.

---

This thesis discusses the collaboration of the defense industry in the Southeast Asian region by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) through the mechanism of the ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration (ADIC) framework. This collaboration is part of the ASEAN Defense Minister Meeting (ADMM) forum which was established in 2011. ADIC was formed to form a platform for defense equipment or weapons that can be used together at a fairly low cost. The Southeast Asian countries involved in ADIC include the four major Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. However, until now ADIC has not shown significant progress, and seems to have failed in achieving its objectives in the concept paper of its formation. This research, which uses an analytical framework in the form of Economic Collaboration, finds that there are inhibiting factors that cause the failure of cooperation. These factors stem from the different and problematic institutional relationships within the four countries, coupled with the quite different threat perceptions of the four countries. In addition, regional external factors originating from major OEM countries also influenced ADIC's failure to reduce imports of defense equipment in the region."

"Penelitian ini melakukan simulasi pembagian peran (work-sharing) negara anggota ASEAN dalam pengembangan ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration (ADIC). Sebagai studi kasus, Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) Anoa 6x6 Pindad dipilih menjadi objek kolaborasi. Pembagian peran dilakukan pada struktur komponen tingkat 2 Anoa 6x6 Pindad, yang terdiri dari 76 komponen. Pembagian dilakukan secara ideal, yaitu didasarkan pada keunggulan komparatif yang tercermin dalam perhitungan empat indeks Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), yaitu (1) Indeks RCA Balassa (BI atau BRCA); (2) Indeks Symmetric RCA (SI atau SRCA); (3) Indeks Additive RCA (AI atau ARCA); dan (4) Indeks Normalized RCA (NRCA). Hasilnya, Thailand dan Singapura muncul sebagai ?pemenang‟ dengan mendapatkan hak pengembangan dan produksi atas masing-masing 40 dan 21 dari total 76 komponen yang disimulasikan.

---

This study simulates work-sharing of ASEAN member countries in the development of ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration (ADIC). As case of study, Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) Anoa 6x6 Pindad is choosen as object of collaboration. The work-sharing is conducted on second tier of Anoa component structure, which consists of 76 components. The work-sharing is conducted in ?ideal‟, which is based on comparative advantage that is showed by the calculation of four Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices, (1) Balassa RCA (BI or BRCA); (2) Symmetric RCA (SI or SRCA); (3) Additive RCA (AI or ARCA); and (4) Normalized RCA (NI or NRCA). The result of this study conludes Thailand and Singapore as the ?winner‟ which get right to develop and produce each 40 and 21 of total 76 component."

"Statisticians know that the clean data sets that appear in textbook problems have little to do with real-life industry data. To better prepare their students for all types of statistical careers, academic statisticians now strive to use data sets from real-life statistical problems. This book contains 20 case studies that use actual data sets that have not been simplified for classroom use. Each case study is a collaboration between statisticians from academe and from business, industry, or government.This book is the result of a collaborative workshop of statisticians focusing on academic-industrial partnerships. The cases come from a wide variety of application areas, including biology/environment, medical and health care, pharmaceutical, marketing and survey research, and manufacturing."

"Statisticians know that the clean data sets that appear in textbook problems have little to do with real-life industry data. To better prepare their students for all types of statistical careers, academic statisticians now strive to use data sets from real-life statistical problems. This book contains 20 case studies that use actual data sets that have not been simplified for classroom use. Each case study is a collaboration between statisticians from academe and from business, industry, or government. This book is the result of a collaborative workshop of statisticians focusing on academic-industrial partnerships. The cases come from a wide variety of application areas, including biology/environment, medical and health care, pharmaceutical, marketing and survey research, and manufacturing."

"ABSTRAKThis study discusses factors influencing the employability of Indonesian university graduates. Some aspects of soft skills were evaluated, incorporating studies in employer perceptions regionally and globally. Discussion includes spesific skills such as open-mindedness, resilience, and accountability that are desirable by hiring companies. In terms of concrete actions, a model of early job experience in the industry is favorable to provide workplace experience for university graduates. Implications for higher education are discussed."

"Untuk pertama kalinya sejak era Orde Baru, Indonesia menarik non-tariff trade barrier-nya atau hambatan investasi, dengan membuka akses pasar terhadap perusahaan asing untuk berinvestasi pada Industri Pertahanan Indonesia, melalui diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja (Omnibus Law). Sebelumnya, entitas asing tidak diperbolehkan memiliki saham dalam sektor pertahanan Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi sebuah anomali, karena Indonesia memiliki opsi lain yang lebih lumrah, seperti (1) tetap menutup pasar sektor pertahanannya, dan (2) mencapai kemandirian industri pertahanan, yang merupakan antitesis dari defense investment untuk pemain asing di Indonesia. Berangkat dari anomali kebijakan yang dijelaskan di atas, penelitian ini akan mengajukan pertanyaan penelitian: “Mengapa Indonesia melakukan liberalisasi industri pertahanan dengan membuka akses pemain asing dalam industri tersebut?”. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi terhadap literatur akademis Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, karena hampir keseluruhan literatur yang membahas terkait liberalisasi industri pertahanannya dikaji menurut perspektif teori liberalisme semata. Padahal, sebagai sebuah kebijakan yang memiliki komponen internasional didalamnya, kebijakan liberalisasi menjadi perlu untuk dikaji sebagai bagian dari kebijakan luar negeri. Sehingga, dalam penelitian yang menggunakan analisis Foreign Policy Analysis, skripsi ini akan mengkaji bagaimana keputusan Indonesia untuk membuka pasar sektor pertahanannya kepada asing dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor utama; (1) faktor level sistemik yang ditunjukkan oleh perubahan sistemik dari unipolaritas AS menjadi multipolar, dan (2) level domestik dengan mengkaji kepentingan militer dari industri pertahanan dalam negeri, kapasitas ekonomi untuk meningkatkan skala alih teknologi, serta preferensi kebijakan Presiden Joko Widodo yang berpihak pada liberalisasi dan investasi asing.

---

For the first time since the New Order era, Indonesia has lifted its non-tariff trade barrier on investment restrictions, by opening market access to foreign companies to invest in the Indonesian defense industry, through the issuance of the Job Creation Law (Omnibus Law). Previously, foreign entities were not allowed to own shares in Indonesia’s defense sectors, and only SOEs were allowed to be the lead integrator in defense procurement. This then births an anomaly in Indonesia’s policy, because Joko Widodo’s administration has other options other than liberalize the industry; such as (1) preserving the protectionism nature of its defense sector, and (2) the policy goes unaligned with the interest to achieve self-reliance in the defense industry. Based on the aforementioned policy anomaly, this research poses the research question of “Why did Indonesia liberalize its defense industry by opening access to foreign investment in the industry?”. This research will be expected to contribute to the academic literature of International Relations, since it provides a new angle of analysis. Almost all existing literature discussing the liberalization of the defense industry is examined solely from the perspective of liberal economic theory, while as a policy that has international components in it; liberalization policy needs to be examined as a part of foreign policy. By utilizing the Foreign Policy Analysis, this thesis will analyse how Indonesia’s decision to open up its defense sectors to foreigners is influenced by two main factors: (1) systemic level indicated by the systemic change of U.S. Unipolarity to multipolarity, and (2) domestic-level factors by examining the military interests of the domestic defense industry, economic capacity to enhance technology transfer, and policy preferences of President Joko Widodo who is in favor of liberalization and foreign investment."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi industri pertahanan nasional yang tertinggal dari industri pertahanan negara-negara di dunia, bahkan dengan negara yang terhitung muda dalam pengembangan industri tersebut, meskipun berbagai kebijakan telah diterbitkan. Kondisi tersebut memunculkan pertanyaan bagaimana implementasi kebijakan industri pertahanan Indonesia. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini memfokuskan pada industri pertahanan PT DI dalam mendukung  pertahanan udara tahun 2010 s/d 2015.  Empat pembahasan utama dalam penelitian yaitu: implementasi kebijakan sinkronisasi rencana kebutuhan dan rencana produksi, serta rencana induk industri pertahanan; pengadaan alat pertahanan; peningkatan kualitas produksi, perluasan usaha dan kapasitas produksi; serta penelitian dan pengembangan.

Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas teori:  implementasi kebijakan Meriles S. Grindle, strukturisasi Anthony Gidden, perlindungan industri J.S Mill, serta konflik dan konsensus Maswadi Rauf.  Teori implementasi kebijakan dan strukturisasi menjadi teori utama.  Sedangkan teori lainnya sebagai teori pendukung. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus.  Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara yang melibatkan empat belas informan dipilih dengan teknik purposive. 

Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa antara rencana kebutuhan alat pertahanan dan rencana produksi tidak sinkron, karena penyusunan rencana induk industri pertahanan tidak terjadi kesepakatan antara pemerintah dengan pengguna.  Implementasi pengadaan alat pertahanan yang diproduksi PT DI terjadi permasalahan berupa keterlambatan produksi. Sedangkan pengadaan dari luar negeri tidak melibatkan PT DI, baik melalui ToT, ofset maupun kandungan lokal.  Untuk peningkatan kualitas produksi dilakukan melalui penerbitan sertifikat kelaikan; perluasan usaha dan kapasitas produksi dilaksanakan dengan cara memberikan pinjaman modal usaha; dan kegiatan litbang PT DI mengandalkan kerja sama dengan pemerintah/lembaga lain.

Implikasi teoritis, yaitu teori implementasi kebijakan Grindle,  memperlihatkan tidak seluruh faktor pada variabel isi kebijakan dan lingkungan berpengaruh secara siknifikan terhadap impementasi kebijakan, disamping itu terdapat faktor lain yang berpengaruh secara sinifikan, namun tidak dijelaskan oleh teori Grindle. Teori strukturisasi Anthony Gidden, terdapat relevansi yang ditunjukkan, yakni tidak adanya perubahan implementasi meskipun struktur telah berubah. Hal tersebut ditemukan pada pengadaan alat pertahanan dari luar negeri. Teori perlindungan industri J.S Mill serta teori konflik dan konsensus Maswadi Rauf cukup relevan sebagai teori pendukung.

---

This research is motivated by the condition of the national defense industry that lags behind the defense industry of countries in the world, even with countries that are relatively young in developing the industry, even though various policies have been issued. This condition raises the question of how to implement Indonesia's defense industry policy. To answer this question, this study focuses on the defense industry of PT DI in supporting air defense in 2010 to 2015. The four main discussions in the research are: implementation of the policy of synchronizing demand plans and production plans, as well as the preparation of a master plan for the defense industry; procurement of defense equipment; improvement of production quality, expansion of business and production capacity; and research and development.

The theory used in this study consists of theories: implementation of Meriles S. Grindle's policies, Anthony Gidden's structuring, J.S Mill's industrial protection, and Maswadi Rauf's conflict and consensus. The theory of policy implementation and structuring is the main theory. While other theories as supporting theories. The research method uses qualitative methods through a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by means of observation and interviews involving faurteen informants selected by purposive technique.

This study found that the plan for the need for defense equipment and the production plan was out of sync, because the preparation of the master plan for the defense industry did not have an agreement between the government and the user. Implementation of the procurement of defense equipment produced by PT DI encountered problems in the form of production delays. Meanwhile, foreign procurement does not involve PT DI, either through ToT, offset or local content. To improve the quality of production, it is carried out through the issuance of a certificate of eligibility; expansion of business and production capacity is carried out by providing business capital loans; and PT DI's research and development activities rely on cooperation with the government/other institutions.

The theoretical implication, namely Grindle's theory of policy implementation, shows that not all factors in the policy content and environmental variables have a significant effect on policy implementation, besides that there are other factors that have a significant influence, but are not explained by Grindle's theory. Anthony Gidden's structuration theory, there is relevance that is shown, namely there is no change in implementation even though the structure has changed. This is found in the procurement of defense equipment from abroad. J.S Mill's industrial protection theory as well as Maswadi Rauf's conflict and consensus theory are quite relevant as supporting theories."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kompetisi bank terhadap stabilitas bank pada bank-bank komersial di negara Anggota ASEAN-5, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand dan Filipina. Observasi dilakukan terhadap 63 bank komersial di negara anggota ASEAN -5 dalam kurun waktu 2005-2014. Dengan menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square, diperoleh hasil yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dari tingkat kompetisi bank terhadap stabilitas bank komersial negara anggota ASEAN-5. Hasil penelitian mendukung teori competition-stability yang menunjukkan tingkat kompetisi yang tinggi terkait dengan stabilitas bank yang semakin baik.

---

This research analyzes the effect of bank competition on bank stability in ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines) commercial banking. 63 ASEAN-5 commercial banks are observed within period 2005-2014. By using Ordinary Least Square method, this research finds that there is a positive effect of bank competition on ASEAN-5 commercial banking stability. The results of the study support the theory of competition-stability which showed that high level of bank competition is associated with a high bank stability."

"Terorisme adalah ancaman bagi keamanan dan perdamaian dunia. Pemberantasan terorisme telah menjadi fokus kerja sama negara-negara di seluruh dunia. Pendanaan terorisme merupakan kejahatan lintas batas negara, maka negara anggota ASEAN bekerjasama dalam pemberantasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketentuan hukum internasional dalam pemberantasan pendanaaan terorisme oleh negara anggota ASEAN dan implementasinya di negara Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia, dan Filipina. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yuridis-normatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan 1 wawancara dengan dua nara sumber yaitu Wakil Ketua dan Asisten Penghubung Kerjasama Internasional Pusat Pelaporan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan PPATK ; 2 studi kepustakaan. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kerja sama lintas batas negara dalam pemberantasan dana terorisme adalah bagian tidak terpisahkan dari strategi keseluruhan dalam penanggulangan terorisme di masing-masing negara ASEAN.

---

Terrorism is a threat to world peace and security. The effort to counter terrorism has become the focus of cooperation among countries around the world. Thus, terrorism financing has its cross broader dimension. ASEAN member countries need to cooperate to counter terrorism financing. This study aims to determine the form of cooperation in suppressing terrorism financing among ASEAN member countries and its implementation in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines.

This research uses juridical normative research approach. The data were collected by 1 interviewing two resource persons namely Vice Chairman and International Liaison Assistant for Indonesian Financial Transaction Report and Analysis Center INTRAC 2 studying literature. The results of this study indicate that cross border cooperation in combating terrorism financing is an integral part of the overall strategy in countering terrorism in ASEAN member countries."