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"Di dalam tesis ini dibahas model matematika untuk mengontrol penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengan intervensi insektisida. Intervensi insektisida dimaksudkan untuk menekan jumlah nyamuk dewasa. Namun, efek samping dari intervensi ini dapat mengakibatkan resistensi pada tubuh nyamuk sehingga menjadi kebal terhadap insektisida tertentu. Dari model matematika yang terbentuk, analisa kestabilan dari state bebas demam berdarah dan state endemik demam berdarah ditunjukkan. Basic Reproduction Number yang merupakan indikator keendemikan dibahas. Dari kajian yang telah dilakukan, beberapa simulasi numerik ditunjukkan untuk menggambarkan skenario yang mungkin terjadi di lapangan.

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We will discuss about the mathematical model of controlling the transmission of dengue fever if insecticide intervention conducted. Insecticide intervention is conducted to control the population of mosquitoes. However, the effect of this intervention has developed the r sistance of mosquitoes to the insecticide. From the mathematical model created, the stability analysis of free disease state and endemic disease state can be shown. The Basic Reproduction Number as the indicator of endemic will be explained. Numerical simulations show all possibility that could be happened."

"Demam Berdarah Dengue DBD adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamukbetina Ae. Aegypti. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan pengobatan yang spesifikuntuk menyembuhkan penderita DBD, meskipun strategi vaksinasi telah dilakukandi berbagai negara tropis. WHO menyatakan bahwa strategi pencegahan palingefektif untuk mengendalikan demam berdarah yaitu dengan mengendalikan vektornyamuk, seperti melakukan intervensi mechanical control, fumigasi dan larvasida.Sebuah model matematika pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue DBD denganpopulasi tidak tertutup akan dibahas dalam artikel ini. Intervensi kontrol mekanik,fumigasi dan larvasida diimplementasikan ke dalam model untuk memahami carapaling efektif untuk mencegah Demam Berdarah Dengue DBD. Analisis titikkeseimbangan dan kestabilan lokal serta Basic Reproduction Number R0 ditampilkan secara analitik. Beberapa hasil numerik untuk beberapa skenarioberbeda dilakukan untuk menunjukkan situasi yang mungkin ditemukan dilapangan.

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Dengue is a mosquito borne viral disease which spread by female Ae. Aegyptimosquito. Until today, there are no specific treatment to cure people, althoughvaccination strategy are undergo in many tropical countries. WHO stated that themost efective prevention strategy to control dengue spread is by controllingmosquito strategy, such as with mechanical control, fumigation and larvacideintervention. A mathematical model of dengue spread among not closedpopulation will be discussed in this article. Intervention of mechanical control,fumigation and larvacide implemented into the model to understand the mostefective way to prevent dengue spread. Analysis of equilibrium points about theirexistence and local stability criteria along with basic reproductive ratio R0 willbe shown analytically. Some numerical results for some different scenario will beperformed to show a possible situation in the field."

"Selama tahun 2010-2014 Kota Semarang selalu menduduki tiga besar rangking Incidence Rate DBD di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembiayaan program pemberantasan DBD bersumber pemerintah pada tahun 2013-2015 serta kesenjangan sumberdaya. Pendekatan akun biaya kesehatan (health account) digunakan untuk menelusuri pembiayaan menurut sumber, fungsi, penyedia layanan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa total belanja program DBD bersumber APBD tahun 2013 adalah Rp. 4.018.927.020, tahun 2014 sebesar Rp. 4.070.437.715.020, dan tahun 2015 sebesar Rp. 8.889.646.145. Program terutama dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang, dan fungsi layanan kesehatan terutama adalah Surveilans Epidemiologi dan Pengendalian Penyakit Menular. Belanja untuk kegiatan administrasi lebih tinggi daripada belanja untuk program promosi kesehatan dan penangan KLB. Tidak terdapat kesenjangan antara ketersediaan sumber daya yang dipotret dari belanja kesehatan program pemberantasan DBD dengan kebutuhan program berdasarkan perhitungan kebutuhan metode SPM. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan antara ketersediaan sumber daya atau belanja kesehatan dengan perencanaan yang dilakukan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Disarankan agar perencanaan program lebih berfokus pada kegiatan promotif dan preventif.

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During Year 2010 - 2014 Semarang municipality has been stated as the Big Three city with high incidence rate of dengue in Central Java province. This tracking expenditure of DHF Preventive Program has tried to analyze spending by the Local Government for Year 2013-2015, as well as the resources gap. The health account approach was used to analyze spending by source, function, and provider. Total spending for DHF supported by the local government in 2013 was Rp. 4.018.927.020, in 2014 was Rp. 4,070,437,715,020, and in 2015 was Rp. 8,889,646,145. The key player of the program was the Semarang Municipality Health Office. By function, the highest proportion of the spending was for Epidemiological Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases. The study also found that higher proportion of spending on administration as compared to direct activities such as community empowerment, and program to solve the outbreak. There was no resources gap if available resources was compared to the nedd according to SPM, however there was a resource gap if compared with the plan developed by the municipality health office. The study suggested to improved planning by focusing more on the direct activities such as promotive preventive."

"Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DED) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang cenderung semakin luas penyebarannya, sejalan dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk, serta sering menimbulkan KLB dan kematian. Pemerintah telah mengembangkan program untuk mengatasinya melalui Penatalaksanaan Kasus dan Pemberantasan nyamuk penyebar penyakit DBD.Program pemberantasan vektor intensif merupakan upaya dalam memperkecil wilayah ter-Jangkit DBD. yaitu dalam bentuk kegiatan; a. Fogging Massal, b. Abatisasi Selektif. c_ Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk. Kodya Dati II Bogor dengan kondisi lingkungan yang sangat mendukung perkembangan vektor serta lokasi yang bertetangga dengan DKI Jakarta yang mempunyai insiden DBD tertinggi di Indonesia, sedangkan mobilitas penduduk ke DKI Jakarta sangat tinggi, memerlukan kecermatan dan ketepatan program untuk dapat menekan Insiden DBD. Studi ini bermaksud mengetahui; 1. Kecenderungan masalah penvakit DBD. 2. Perkembangan kegiatan pemantauan vektor, 3. Masalah dalam pelaksanaan program P2.DBD. 4. Dampak program P2 DBD di Kodva Dati II Bogor. Hasil studi ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan dan dasar pertimbangan pemerintah untuk merencanakan metode terbaik guna meningkatkan efektivitas program P2.DBD. khususnya upaya pengendalian vektor Intensif DBD. Pendekatan yang dipergunakan ialah observasional. dengan masa pengamatan selama empat tahun, yaitu seiak dilaksanakannya program Pemberantasan Vektor Intensif tahun 1991 sampai tahun 1994. Analisa yang dipergunakan adalah menghitung Cumulatif Incidence Difference dart Incidence Rate (IR) DBD serta House Index (HI) Jentik vektor DBD sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hubungan Curah Hujan dan Jumlah Hari Hujan terhadap kasus DBD dan HI Jentik vektor DBD, serta hubungan HI jentik vektor DBD dengan IR DBD dengan cara melihat korelasinya. Karena keterbatasan sumber daya Kodya Dati II Bogor tidak melakukan tindakan lengkap kepada seluruh daerah endemic, tetapi memilih daerah perlakuan berdasarkan tingginya insiden. Dengan demikian Kodva Dati II Bogor masuk dalam kategori cakupan program tidak adekuat. Dari tahun 1991 - 1993 setiap tahun dua Kelurahan mendapat perlakuan lengkap (FM + AS + PSN). tiga Kelurahan mendapatkan perlakuan (FM + PSN). dan 17 Kelurahan lainnva hanya melaksanakan PSN dengan pengawasan melalui kegiatan Pemeriksaan Jentik Berkala (PJB). Tahun 1994 tiga Kelurahan mendapat perlakuan lengkap, satu Kelurahan mendapat perlakuan (FM + PSN) sedangkan lB Kelurahan lainnva melaksana kan PSN saja. Dari hasil studi ini terlihat kesan dari tahun 1991-1994 setiap tahunnya pemberantasan vektor intensif tidak berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan IR DBD tetapi berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan HI Jentik Vektor DBD. Secara konsisten PSN menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan HI jentik vektor DBD sebaliknya FM + AS + PSN selalu tidak berhubungan bermakna secara statistik. FM + PSN sate kali (tahun 1993) menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik. Curah Hujan dan Jumlah Hari Hujan tidak ada hubungan linier yang bermakna dengan kasus DBD tetapi berhubungan linier bermakna dengan HI jentik vektor DBD. Antara HI jentik vektor DBD dengan Insiden DBD tidak terlihat adanya hubungan linier yang bermakna. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa program pemberantasan vektor Intensif mempunyai peranan dalam upaya pencegahan DBD melalui pemberantasan jentik vektor. Namun seberapa besar peranan dalam menurunkan insiden DBD perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menyertakan. variabel Fogging Focus dan Penatalaksanaan Penderita. dalam kawasan yang lebih luas. Selain itu perlu diteliti kegiatan mana diantara Fogging Massal, Abatisasi Selektif atau PSN yang paling besar kontribusinya dalam pemberantasan vektor Intensif. Upaya untuk menggerakkan masyarakat agar terlibat secara lebih aktif dalam pemberantasan penyakit DBD perlu lebih dioperasionalkan. Namun pemberantasan vektor dengan insektisida masih belum dapat ditinggalkan.

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Dengue Haemorhagic Fever is one of the health problem in Indonesia. This disease has increased as rapidly as population density and mobilization. It also often causes an outbreak and high case fatality rate.

Additional note:Example: acceptance note from the faculty.DateCreated*:Example: publishing date, writing date. Format YYYY-MM-DDSourceURL:Internet address from where this document is taken.From where this document was taken:Example: Third Meeting of IndonesiaDLN.LanguageSelect language*:The Indonesian Government has developed a program to deal with ?Casses management and eradication of the vector causes Dengue Haemorhagic Fever (DHF)". Intensive vector eradication programme is an effort to decrease the number of areas infected by Dengue Haemorhagik Fever (DHF). Including in this program are : a. Massal Fogging, b.Selective Abatisation (SA). c. Mosquito's nests Eradication (MNE).

Kodya Dati II Bogor is one of the places that has a big problem in DHF. The environment condition in this area are supporting for vectors to spread rapidly: as well as the location is near by DKI Jakarta, which has the highest incidence of DHF in Indonesia_ Moreover Bogor' s population's mobility is very high, so that we need a punctual and accurate programme to decrease the incidence of DHF.

The purposes of this study are : 1. to measure the inclination of DHF. 2. to monitor vector of DHF by using unfolding activity . 3. to anticipate some problems in DHF eradication programme. 4. to know the impact of DHF Vector Eradication programme especially in Kodya Dati II Bogor.

The result of this study will give a positive input and basic consideration to the government in planning the best method for increasing DHF Eradication programme effectivity. Especially the effort of DHF Vector Eradication programme.

The approach of this study is observational study, which is started in 1991, the time when the intensive vector eradication programme is applied.

In analyzed the study we counted the cumulative Incidence Difference. Incidence Rate (IR) and House Index (HI) of the DHF vector's larva. We looked also the connection between rain pours and the number of rainy days to HI of the DHF vector's larva and IR of DHF. as well as the relationship between HI of the DHF vector's larva to IR of DHF by their correlation. Because of resource limitation. Kodya Dati II Bogor could not run the complete treatment to all of the endemic areas. But they only chose the area that has the highest incidence rate.

From 1991-1993, there were two of the villages that have completed all three treatments which are (MF + SA + NNE). and other three villages only use MF + MNE treatments. However there were 17 villages only use EMN treatment , with temporer monitoring larva inspection. In 1994. only one villages that have completed treatments. Three Villages got MF + MNE treatment. and other 18 villages have EMN treatment only.

From the study we got some results ,that the intensive vector eradication program is not significantly related to the IR of DHF. but there is significant relationship between intensive vector eradication and HI of the vector's larva DHF. Consistently. MNE showed a significant relation-ship to the HI of the DHF Vector's larva. MF + SA + MNE have an insignificant relationship, also in 1993. MF + ,EMN showed an insignificant relationship.

Rainpours and the number of rainy days do not have a significant linear relation to the IR of DHF. but they have a significant linear relation to the HI of DHF vector's larva. There is no significant relation between HI of the DHF Vector's larva. and DHF incidence Rate.

Therefore, we can conclude that Intensive Vector Eradicating Programme is apart of the effort to prevent DHF. However. we need further research. in order to know how useful this program in decreasing DHF incidence by enclosing Fogging Focus variable and patient management in more width area. It is also important to examine which method has a bigger contribution in Intensive Vector Eradication Program me. Whether Massal Fogging, SA or NME. An effort to mobilize the community to join actively in eradicating DHF can also be done. However vector eradication using insecticide still can not be abandoned vet."

"Demam Berdarah Dengue merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk betina Aedes aegepty. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh 4 serotipe virus yang berbeda, yaitu DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3, dan DENV 4. Salah satu penanggulangan penyebaran demam berdarah adalah dengan melakukan vaksinasi. Vaksin Dengvaxia merupakan vaksin penanggulangan demam berdarah terbaru yang diperuntukkan untuk seseorang yang pernah terinfeksi DBD dari suatu serotipe virus sedemikian sehingga vaksin tersebut dapat mencegah seseorang terinfeksi DBD untuk kedua kalinya dengan serotipe virus yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkonstruksi model penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengan menggunakan dua serotipe virus dan intervensi vaksin Dengvaxia. Dari analisis model didapat empat titik keseimbangan, salah satu di antaranya merupakan titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit, sedangkan tiga titik keseimbangan lainnya menampilkan kondisi endemik dari serotipe tunggal masing-masing virus dan koeksistensi kedua serotipe. Bilangan reproduksi dasar (R0) dan eksistensi titik keseimbangan disajikan secara analitik, sedangkan kestabilan titik endemik ditampilkan secara numerik. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi numerik, dapat diketahui bahwa intervensi vaksin Dengvaxia berperan dalam mengurangi jumlah infeksi kedua dari penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue.

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by 4 serotype of viruses, namely DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3, and DENV 4. One way to prevent the spread of dengue fever is by vaccination. Dengvaxia vaccine is the latest dengue fever control vaccine intended for someone who has been infected with DHF from a virus serotype so that the vaccine can prevent someone from being infected with DHF a second time with a different virus serotype. Therefore, this study constructs a model for the spread of dengue fever by using two virus serotypes and the intervention of the Dengvaxia vaccine. From the analysis of the model, four equilibrium points were obtained, one of which is a disease-free equilibrium point, while the other three equilibrium points represent the endemic conditions of a single serotype of each virus and the coexistence of the two serotypes. The basic reproduction number (R0) and the existence of the equilibrium point are presented analytically, while the stability of the endemic point is presented numerically. Based on the numerical simulation results, it can be seen that the Dengvaxia vaccine intervention plays a role in reducing the number of second infections from Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever."

"Manifestasi klinis demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi permasalahan dalam kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Berdasarkan derajat keparahan DBD menurut kritera WHO 2011 terbagi atas DBD derajat I, DBD derajat II, DBD derajat III, dan DBD derajat IV. Di Indonesia insiden DBD meningkat walaupun angka kematiannya menurun, untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keparahan DBD, dimana DBD derajat II, III, dan IV dikategorikan sebagai DBD parah. Penelitian cross-sectional yang menggunakan data sekunder dari studi etiologi demam akut dari delapan rumah sakit di Indonesia, didapatkan proporsi keparahan DBD sebesar 43,3%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keparahan DBD didapatkan faktor jenis serotipe virus DENV-2 (OR = 3,06 95%CI 1,43-6,55), DENV-3 (OR = 2,62 95% CI 1,33-5,15), faktor lama demam (OR = 1,91 95%CI 1,09-3,35), dan faktor jumlah leukosit (OR = 1,79 95%CI 1,02-3,16). Skoring didapatkan sebesar 67% kemampuan untuk memprediksi keparahan.

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Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) as a clinical manifestasion of dengue infection remains a public health problem in Indonesia. According to WHO, DHF severity grade was divided into DHF I, DHF II, DHF III and DHF IV. In Indonesia, the incidence of DHF increased eventhough the mortality rate decreased. Therefore, the study aims to examine prognostic factors related to the severity of DHF, with the category of severe DHF is including DHF II, DHF III and DHF IV.

This cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Acute Febrile Illness Etiology Study of eight Hospitals in Indonesia. The result as follow, the proportion of severe DHF category is 43.3%, the prognostic factors associated with DHF severity are DENV serotype (DENV-2, OR = 3.06 95% CI 1.43 - 6.55; DENV-3, OR = 2.62 95% CI 1.33 - 5.15), day of illness (OR = 1.91 95% CI 1.09 - 3.35), and leucocyte count (OR = 1.79 95% CI 1.02 - 3.16). The scoring with contributing of DENV serotype, day of illness, and leucocyte count as prognostic factors, has only 67% ability to predict DHF severity."

"Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue. Kota Tanjungpinang merupakan daerah endemis DBD karena sejak tahun 2005 hingga 2015, selalu ada kasus DBD.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara keberadaan jentik dan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Tanjungpinang Propinsi Kepulauan Riau tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ini adalah penduduk kota Tanjungpinang. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan, hubungan antara Keberadaan Jentik dengan DBD adalah sebesar OR = 1,9 ; (95 % CI = 0,939 ? 3,955) dan hubungan antara Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) dengan DBD adalah sebesar OR = 0,9 ; (95 % CI = 0,478 ? 1,758) setelah dikontrol variabel kovariat.

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ( DHF ) is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. Tanjungpinang a dengue endemic area because since 2005 until 2015 , there is always a case DBD.Tujuan this study was to determine the relationship between the existence of larva and mosquito nest eradication ( PSN ) with incidence of dengue in Tanjungpinang , Riau Islands Province in 2015. This research used studies analytical case control study . The population in this study are the city dwellers Tanjungpinang. Results of this study found that the relationship between the presence of the dengue larva amounted OR = 1.9 ; ( 95 % CI = 0.939 to 3.955 ) and the relationship between mosquito nest eradication ( PSN ) with DBD amounted OR = 0.9 ; ( 95 % CI = 0.478 to 1.758 ) after controlling for covariates variables."

"ABSTRAK Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit demam akut tanpa sebab yang jelas disertai bintik-bintik merah pada kulit. Karya ilmiah ini membahas asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan pada anak dengan kasus demam berdarah dengue di Teratai 3 Selatan RSUP Fatmawati. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan asuhan keperawatan anak dengan DBD. Salah satu masalah keperawatan yang terjadi adalah hipertermia. Tindakan keperawatan terkait hipertermia meliputi monitor suhu, peningkatan asupan cairan, penggunaan pakaian yang tipis dan menyerap keringat, tepid sponge dan kolaborasi pemberian antipiretik. Asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan berupa tepid sponge dan pemberian antipiretik untuk membantu menurunkan demam pada anak. Hasil yang didapat anak mengalami penurunan suhu tubuh sebesar rata-rata 1,1ºC setelah 30 menit pemberian tepid sponge yang disertai dengan pemberian antipiretik. Tepid sponge dapat menambah keterampilan perawat dalam menurunkan demam pada anak secara nonfarmakologis. Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, hipertermia, tepid sponge.ABSTRACT Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are acute febrile illness with no obvious cause red spot on the skin. This paper discussed the nursing care given to children in Fatmawati?s Hospital with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases. The purpose of paper is to describe the nursing care o the children with DHF. One problem that occurs is nursing a fever. Fever related to nursing actions include monitoring the temperature, increased fluid intake, use of thin clothes and absorbs perspiration, tepid sponge and collaboration antipyretic administration. Nursing care is given in the form of tepid sponge and antipyretic administration to help reduce fever in children. Having obtained a description of intervention, children decreased body temperature after 30 minutes of administration 1,1°C of tepid sponge with combined of antipyretic administration. Tepid sponge can increase the skills of nurses in reducing fever in children.;Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are acute febrile illness with no obvious cause red spot on the skin. This paper discussed the nursing care given to children in Fatmawati?s Hospital with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases. The purpose of paper is to describe the nursing care o the children with DHF. One problem that occurs is nursing a fever. Fever related to nursing actions include monitoring the temperature, increased fluid intake, use of thin clothes and absorbs perspiration, tepid sponge and collaboration antipyretic administration. Nursing care is given in the form of tepid sponge and antipyretic administration to help reduce fever in children. Having obtained a description of intervention, children decreased body temperature after 30 minutes of administration 1,1°C of tepid sponge with combined of antipyretic administration. Tepid sponge can increase the skills of nurses in reducing fever in children.;Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are acute febrile illness with no obvious cause red spot on the skin. This paper discussed the nursing care given to children in Fatmawati?s Hospital with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases. The purpose of paper is to describe the nursing care o the children with DHF. One problem that occurs is nursing a fever. Fever related to nursing actions include monitoring the temperature, increased fluid intake, use of thin clothes and absorbs perspiration, tepid sponge and collaboration antipyretic administration. Nursing care is given in the form of tepid sponge and antipyretic administration to help reduce fever in children. Having obtained a description of intervention, children decreased body temperature after 30 minutes of administration 1,1°C of tepid sponge with combined of antipyretic administration. Tepid sponge can increase the skills of nurses in reducing fever in children.;Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are acute febrile illness with no obvious cause red spot on the skin. This paper discussed the nursing care given to children in Fatmawati?s Hospital with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases. The purpose of paper is to describe the nursing care o the children with DHF. One problem that occurs is nursing a fever. Fever related to nursing actions include monitoring the temperature, increased fluid intake, use of thin clothes and absorbs perspiration, tepid sponge and collaboration antipyretic administration. Nursing care is given in the form of tepid sponge and antipyretic administration to help reduce fever in children. Having obtained a description of intervention, children decreased body temperature after 30 minutes of administration 1,1°C of tepid sponge with combined of antipyretic administration. Tepid sponge can increase the skills of nurses in reducing fever in children."