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"Pajanan diesel partikulat (DPM PM0.25) dapat menyebabkan gangguan sistem saluran pernapasan dan keluhan kesehatan terhadap pekerja, namun belum banyak penelitian dilakukan di Indonesia mengenai hal tersebut padahal IARC telah mengkategorikannya sebagai senyawa karsinogenik. Analisis pajanan dan hubungannya terhadap keluhan gangguan pernapasan subjektif dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan penyakit terhadap pekerja. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap petugas penguji kendaraan di UP PKB Cilincing sebanyak 24 orang melalui pengukuran pajanan personal DPM PM0.25 dan Black Carbon (BC) (20 orang) dan wawancara (24 orang). Konsentrasi pajanan BC personal berkisar antara 12,05 μg/m,3 sampai dengan 84,87 μg/m3. Keluhan yang dialami petugas penguji kendaraan adalah bersin dan hidung tersumbat (masing-masing sebanyak 50%), sakit tenggorokan dan batuk kering (masing-masing sebesar 41.7%), sesak nafas (20.8%), batuk berdahak (33.3%), nafas bunyi (mengi) (12.5%) dan sakit dada (8.3%) . Diduga BC bukan merupakan satu-satunya pemicu dan bukan penyebab langsung dalam kejadian keluhan gangguan penapasan subjektif.

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Diesel particulate exposure (DPM PM0.25) may cause respiratory system disease and health complaints to the worker. Limited research found about this subject in Indonesia, yet IARC has categorized it as a carcinogenic compound. Analysis of exposure and its relation to respiratory health complaints as one of the prevention of disease in the workplace. The research was conducted on 24 mechanics at UP PKB Cilincing through the measurement of personal exposure DPM PM0.25 and Black Carbon (BC) (20 people) and interview (24 people). The concentration of BC personal exposure ranged from 12.05 μg / m3 to 84.87 μg / m3. The common complaints experienced by mechanics were sneezing and nasal congestion (50% each), sore throat and dry cough (41.7% respectively), dyspnea (20.8%), wet cough (33.3%), wheezing (mengi) (12.5%) dan chest pain (8.3%) . Allegedly BC is not the only factor and act not as the direct cause in the incidence of subjective respiratory health complaints."

"Pajanan PM2,5 baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang, telah diketahui dapat menyebabkan kematian yang salah satunya diakibatkan oleh penyakit pernapasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi pajanan personal PM2,5 dan mengukur persentase dari keluhan pernapasan subyektif pada petugas uji mekanis di Pusat Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor (PKB) Unit Ujungmenteng tahun 2015. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mengukur konsentrasi pajanan personal PM2,5 selama jam kerja, menggunakan alat personal sampling seperti Leland Legacy Pump dan Sioutas Cascade Impactor. Subyek penelitian dalam pengukuran pajanan personal PM2,5 ini ialah sebanyak 21 petugas uji mekanis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan rata-rata pajanan personal PM2,5 yang diterima oleh petugas uji mekanis PKB Unit Ujungmenteng ialah sebesar 272, 347μm/m3, dimana berdasarkan berbagai penelitian epidemiologi menunjukan dengan rata-rata pajanan PM2,5 yang diterima oleh petugas uji mekanis memiliki risiko yang sangat tinggi akan penyakit pernapasan dan kardiovaskular, dan sebanyak 90,5% petugas uji mekanis mengalami keluhan pernapasan, dengan keluhan terbanyak ialah hidung tersumbat/flu (76,2%) dan sakit tenggorokan (57,1%).

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Exposure of particulate matter 2,5 in both short and long term has been known to cause the death, that caused by respiratory diseases. This study purposed to measure personal exposure concentrations of particulate matter 2,5 and percentage of subjective respiratory complaints on Mechanic in Pusat Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor (PKB) Unit Ujungmenteng in 2015. This research is quantitive descriptive study by measuring the personal exposure concentration of particulate matter 2,5 during working hours using personal sampling equipment such as Leland Legacy Pump and Sioutas Cascade Impactor. Subjek of research in the measurement of personal exposure PM2,5 are 21 clerk of mechanical testing.

The result showed the average personal exposure concentrations of PM2,5 that received by the clerk of mechanical testing amounted to 272,347μm/m3, which is based on various epidemiological studies showed that average personal exposure concentrations of PM2,5 that received by the clerk of mechanical testing have a very high risk of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and 90,5% the clerk of mechanical testing experiencing respiratory complaints with the highest complaints is nasal congestion / flu (76,2%) and sore throat (57,1%)."

"Diesel Particulate Matter DPM adalah zat yang dianggap menjadi salah satu faktor risiko dari perkembangan penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker IARC, 2012, kardiovaskular, dan penurunan fungsi paru melalui mekanisme stress oksidatif. Stress oksidatif dianggap sebagai mekanisme perantara dari pajanan partikulat menuju dampak kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan konsentrasi biomarker stress oksidatif yaitu malondialdehyde MDA dan penurunan fungsi paru dengan pajanan DPM 2.5 pada kelompok terpajan penguji mekanis di UP PKB dan kelompok pembanding. Pengukuran DPM 2.5 dilakukan menggunakan sioutas cascade impactordan filter berjenis quartz. Analisis MDA dilakukan dengan metode Wills 1996 melalui sampel urin responden, sedangkan penurunan fungsi paru dideteksi melalui tes spirometri. Hasil menunjukkan pajanan DPM 2.5 secara signifikan berhubungan dengan peningkatan konsentrasi MDA dan penurunan fungsi paru-paru, dengan derajat keeratan sedang hingga kuat r= 0,438; r=-0,629.

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Diesel Particulate Matter DPM 2.5 m is considered to be one of the risk factors for degenerative diseases such as cancer IARC, 2012 , cardiovascular, and declined lung function through oxidative stress mechanism. Oxidative stress is considered as an intermediary mechanism from particulate exposure to health effects.

This study was conducted to see the correlation of oxidative stress biomarker which is malondialdehyde MDA and decline of lung function with DPM 2.5 exposure in exposed group and non exposed group. Sampling DPM 2.5 was performed using sioutas cascade impactor and quartz type filter.

MDA analysis was done by Wills 1996 method through respondent 39s urine sample, whereas pulmonary function decline was detected through spirometry test. The results show that DPM 2.5 exposure was significantly associated with elevated MDA concentrations and declined lung function, with moderate to stronger degree r 0.438 r 0.629."

"Diesel particulate matter baik fine maupun ultrafine particulate berkontribusi terhadap pajanan personal harian pekerja. Pajanan diesel particulate matter dalam jangka waktu pendek maupun dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Gangguan kesehatan tersebut antara lain menyebabkan perubahan glukosa, HbA1c dan lipid. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik yang bertujuan menganalisis pajanan diesel particulate matter yang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan HbA1c dalam darah. Sampel penelitian adalah petugas uji mekanis berjumlah 18 orang dan 13 petugas administrasi di Unit Pengelola Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Cilincing dan 18 kelompok pembanding. Adapun variable penelitian adalah pajanan diesel particulate matter, kadar HbA1c, usia, Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT), lama kerja, dan kebiasaan merokok. Pengukuran pajanan particulate matter menggunakan pompa Leland legacy dan Sioutas cascade impactor dan perhitungan konsentrasi pajanan menggunakan metode gravimetric. Penimbangan filter debu hasil sampling menggunakan alat Neraca Mikro Mettler Toledo. Pengukuran kadar HbA1c dalam darah bekerja sama dengan Laboratorium Kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan yang kuat dan berkorelasi positif antara konsentrasi pajanan personal PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 dan PM0.25 dengan tingkat kadar HbA1c dalam darah.

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Diesel particulate matter both fine and ultrafine particulate contribute to daily personal exposure of workers. Exposure to diesel particulate matter in the short term and in the long term can disrupt health. These health problems include changes in glucose, HbA1c and lipids. This study is an analytical study that aims to analyze the exposure of diesel particulate matter associated with increased HbA1c in the blood. The samples were mechanical test officer totaling 18 people and 13 administrative officers in Cilincing Motor Vehicle Testing Unit and 18 comparison groups. The research variables are diesel particulate matter exposure, HbA1c level, age, body mass index (BMI), length of service, and smoking habit. Measurement of particulate matter exposure using Leland legacy and Sioutas cascade impactor pumps and calculation of exposure concentration using gravimetric method. Weighing of sampling dust filter using Mettler Toledo Micro Balance tool. Measurements of HbA1c levels in the blood work in conjunction with the Health Laboratory. The results showed a strong and positively correlated relationship between the personal exposure concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 and PM0.25 with levels of HbA1c in the blood."

"Emisi mesin diesel (diesel exhaust) merupakan bahan yang karsinogenik terhadap manusia (grup 1 IARC). Sektor transportasi merupakan penyumbang terbesar diesel exhaust di udara. Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) merupakan komponen yang banyak ditemukan dalam diesel exhaust. 1-Hidroksipirena (1-OHP) merupakan metabolit pyrene yang digunakan sebagai penanda adanya pajanan PAH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi 1-OHP dalam urin terkait dengan pajanan diesel exhaust pada pekerja uji mekanis di Pusat Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Cilincing. Pajanan diesel exhaust diukur melalui konsentrasi personal PM2,5, PM1, PM0,5, dan PM0,25. Penelitian dilakukan pada 19 petugas uji mekanis dan 18 orang pembanding. Pengukuran partikulat dilakukan menggunakan pompa Leland Legacy dengan Sioutas Cascade Impactor. Analisis 1-OHP dalam urin dilakukan menggunakan HPLC dengan detektor fluoresensi. Distribusi frekuensi 1-OHP dalam urin berkisar antara 11,72 - 61,88 µg/gr kreatinin urin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat rata-rata konsentrasi 1-OHP petugas uji mekanis signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok pembanding (p=0,001). Terdapat korelasi positif dengan derajat keeratan kuat antara konsentrasi partikulat pada semua ukuran dengan konsentrasi 1-OHP dalam urin. Partikulat yang dihasilkan dari emisi mesin diesel merupakan kontributor utama terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi 1-OHP dalam urin petugas uji mekanis PKB Cilincing.

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Diesel engine exhaust is categorized as carcinogenic to human (group 1) by IARC in 2012. Transportation is the biggest contributor of diesel exhaust pollutant. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the major compound of diesel exhaust that can be found on gas and particle phases. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene, has been used extensively as a biological monitoring of exposure to PAHs.

This study aimed to analyze the concentration of urinary 1-OHP related to diesel engine exhaust among vehicle testing mechanics at vehicle testing center Cilincing, Jakarta. Diesel exhaust exposure was measured by personal concentration of PM2,5, PM1, PM0,5, dan PM0,25. The subject was 19 vehicle testing mechanics and 18 non-mechanics as a comparator. Personal concentration of particulate matter collected using Leland Legacy pump and Sioutas Cascade Impactor and analyzed using gravimetric method. Urinary 1-OHP analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detector. Concentration of urinary 1-OHP ranging from 11,72 to 61,88 µg/gr creatinine.

The result show that mean concentration of 1-Hydroxypyrene of mechanic group is significant higher than non-mechanic group (p=0,001). There is a positive correlation between particulate matter concentration in all size and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration. In this study, particulate related to diesel engine exhaust is the main contributor of the increasing of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration among vehicle testing mechanics."

"Carbon black (CB) merupakan material penting yang digunakan sebagai pewarna dan material fungsional di dalam toner. Partikel CB dalam ukuran nano meter diharapkan mampu menghasilkan toner dengan pola distribusi dan dispersi yang merata. Sintesis toner dilakukan dengan 3 variasi persentase berat (wt%) nano CB 10, 15 dan 20 % yang diball mill dengan kopolimer stirena/ akrilat (KSA), black oxide (BO) dan air. Serbuk toner yang telah disintesis dikarakterisasi dengan x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) dan scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDX) serta uji performa toner melalui uji suseptibilitas magnetik, uji adhesi, dan uji kualitas gambar. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan bahwa toner 10 wt% CB memiliki ukuran dan distribusi yang paling seragam. Hasil uji suseptibilitas magnetik menunjukkan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik toner hasil sintesis 10, 15 dan 20 wt% CB sebesar 1,02 x 10-4, 0,99 x 10-4, 1,11 x 10-4 m3/kg. Performa terbaik dalam kriteria nilai suseptibilitas, adhesivitas dan kualitas gambar diberikan oleh toner 10 wt% CB dibandingkan toner hasil sintesis lain dan toner komersil.

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Carbon black(CB) is an important material used as a dye and functional materials in toner. CB particles in nano-meter size is expected to produce a toner with distribution and uniform dispersion. Synthesis of the toner was carried out 3 weight percentage variation of nano CB10, 15 and 20 % in the ball mill with styrene/acrylate copolymer(KSA), blackoxide (BO) and water. The resulted powder has been characterized with the x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersivex-ray spectroscopy (SEM /EDX) and test the performance of toner through the tests of magnetic susceptibility, adhesion, and the quality of image. SEM characterization results indicate that the toner 10 CB has the size and the most uniform distribution. The average of magnetic susceptibility of synthesized toner 10 CB, 15 CB and 20 % CB is 1,02 x 10-4, 0,99 x 10-4, 1,11 x 10-4 m3/kg.The best performance was provided by 10CB toner in comparison to others synthesized and commercial toners."

"Kebutuhan akan material penyerap gelombang elektromagnetik semakin tumbuh pada aplikasi militer dan juga pada aplikasi sipil. Material penyerap gelombang elektromagnetik yang selanjutnya akan disebut dengan Radar Absorbing Material (RAM), pada frekuensi tertentu akan melemahkan radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik yang datang dan mendisipasi energi yang diserap dalam bentuk panas. RAM berhasil dibuat dengan metode hand lay up yang tersusun dari carbon black/epoksi/E-Glass fiber. Variasi carbon black sebagai filler diberikan sebesar 0 wt%, 1 wt %, 3 wt %, dan 5 wt%. Karakterisasi penyerapan gelombang elektromagnetik RAM dilakukan dengan uji Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) pada pita frekuensi X-Band 8,2-12,4 GHz. Spesimen RAM dengan kandungan carbon black 5 wt% menunjukkan nilai reflection loss paling optimal sebesar -10,7 dB pada frekuensi 9,5 GHz dengan penyerapan gelombang EM mencapai 91,48 %.

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The need for an electromagnetic wave absorbing material has beengrowing formilitary as well as for civil application. Electromagnetic wave absorbing material which would be referred to the Radar Absorbing Material (RAM), at a certain frequency weakens the incoming electromagnetic wave radiation and dissipates the absorbed energy in the form of heat. RAM was successfully made by hand lay-up method which wascomposed of carbon black / epoxy / E-Glass fiber. Variation of carbon black as filler was given by 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%. Characterization of the electromagnetic wave absorption ofRAM was conducted by Vector Network Analyzer(VNA) test on the X-Band frequency of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. RAM with the 5 wt%carbon black showedthe most optimal value reflection loss of - 10.7 dB at 9.5 GHz with electromagentic wave absorption reached up to 91.48%."