Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko berkembangnya disfungsi seksualitas pada wanita yang dapat mempengaruhi hasrat seksual, lubrikasi, dispareunia, dan menurunnya kemampuan mencapai orgasme. Masalah disfungsi seksualitas pada pasien diabetes melitus masih merupakan hal yang tabu untuk dibahas secara terbuka karena sulitnya pasien untuk mengungkapkan masalah seksualitasnya kepada petugas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman disfungsi seksualitas pasien wanita dengan diabetes melitus. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi fenomenologi. Partisipan wanita sejumlah 6 orang dengan kriteria inklusi berusia 18-45 tahun, wanita diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan disfungsi seksual, memiliki pasangan pernikahan yang masih hidup, yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan menggunakan catatan lapangan field note. Setiap partisipan diberikan kuesioner FSFI female sexual function index untuk menentukan status disfungsi seksualnya. Data dianalisa dengan metode konten analisis kualitatif. Tujuh tema yang ditemukan: 1 ketidaknyamanan fisik saat melakukan aktifitas seksual; 2 adanya penurunan hasrat seksual pada isteri usia lebih dari 30 tahun; 3 ketidakpuasan aktifitas seksual yang dilakukan; 4 keterpaksaan dalam mendiskusikan masalah seksual pada petugas kesehatan; 5 kurangnya informasi tentang aktifitas seksual; 6 ketidakberdayaan menjalani pengobatan masalah seksual; dan 7 penurunan peran seksual sebagai istri. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa disfungsi seksual pada wanita diabetes melitus tipe 2 ada dan mengganggu baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Namun, masih terdapat keengganan bagi wanita untuk dapat mendiskusikan masalahnya secara terbuka. Oleh sebab itu, disarankan bagi perawat untuk memulai komunikasi secara terbuka mengani masalah seksualitas wanita dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2.

---

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for developing female sexual dysfunction which affected sexual desire, lubrication, dispareunia sexual pain, and orgasm decreased. Sexual dysfunction problem in type 2 diabetic patients is still a taboo subject to be discussed because that was hard to be revealed to their healthcare personnel. The aim of the study was to explore sexual dysfunction experience of type 2 diabetes mellitus woman. A qualitative with a phenomenology design was used. This study was involved six women with type 2 diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion criterion ages 18 45 years, married, gathered using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using an in depth interview and field notes. Each participant was screened using a FSFI quessionaire to determine sexual dysfunction status. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Seven themes emerged 1 physical discomfort while having sexual activities 2 presence of sexual desire decreased in spouse with ages more than 30 years old 3 dissatisfaction with sexual activity 4 hesitance feeling while discussing sexual problem with healthcare providers 5 lack of information about sexual activity 6 feeling powerlessness while undergone sexual problem treatment 7 decreased in sexual roles as a wife. In conclude that the sexual dysfunction among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus is existing and disturbing physically and psychology. But there has been hesitated of women to openly disccussed the problem. It is suggested for nurses to initiate open communication about sexual problem among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus."

"[ABSTRAKDiabetic Kidney Disease DKD pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 DMT2 merupakan komplikasi kronik yang dapat dicegah dan ditunda progresifitasnya dengan pengontrolan glikemik yang baik dan penatalaksanaan yang tepat dari komorbid lainnya Pengontrolan glikemik menjadi tanggung jawab bersama antara multidisiplin profesi kesehatan di ruang rawat dokter perawat dietisien farmasis dengan pasien serta keluarga Model Self care Orem sangat sesuai untuk diaplikasikan dan dikembangkan di ruangan pada asuhan keperawatan pasien dengan penyakit kronik Pasien dapat bersinergi secara aktif sesuai kemampuannya dalam mencapai tujuan dari setiap intervensi keperawatan Disamping itu pendekatan model self care Orem sesuai untuk mempersiapkan pasien dalam meningkatkan kemampuan self care untuk pasca rawat Pelaksanaan praktek berbasis pembuktian pengukuran suhu kaki dengan termometer infrared dapat menjadi perangkat tambahan untuk menilai adanya gejala inflamasi lokal sehingga upaya deteksi dini menjadi lebih komprehensif Pelaksanaan kegiatan inovasi pemantauan dan pemeriksaan kesehatan mandiri pada pasien DM dapat meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan pada pasien DM

---

ABSTRACTDiabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ;Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ;Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ;Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients , Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ]"

"Peningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2.TujuanMengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan.Metode Studi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 2021 – November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40 – 59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data.Hasil Sebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuanKesimpulanTerdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan.

---

Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient.

To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM.

A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021 – November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40 – 59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution.

133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01).

There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength.

"

"Latar Belakang: Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) merupakan tahap akhir dari penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) yang menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Penyakit arteri perifer dapat menjadi penanda aterotrombosis pada sistem vaskular lainnya. Peran mikrobiota usus dalam penyakit vaskular telah menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian terbaru. Perubahan komposisi mikrobiota usus dapat terjadi pada berbagai penyakit termasuk DM dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) adalah produk fermentasi mikrobiota usus dan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan usus dan peradangan. SCFA dapat menghambat pembentukan foam cells dan mengurangi produksi sitokin pro-inflamasi oleh endotel. Deposit kalsium pada arteri adalah karakteristik dari proses aterosklerosis dan dapat dinilai menggunakan CT angiography. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kadar SCFA dalam feses dengan tingkat kalsifikasi arteri pada pasien CLTI dengan DM.Metode: Penelitian desain potong lintang pada 30 subjek CLTI dengan DM tipe 2 yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pengukuran kadar SCFA dengan sampel feses. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 25, nilai p<0.05 menunjukkan kemaknaan secara statistik.Hasil: Sebanyak 30 subjek penelitian CLTI dengan DM, didapatkan 17 subjek dengan diagnosis CLTI ekstremitas inferior sinistra dan 13 subjek dengan diagnosis CLTI ekstremitas inferior dekstra memiliki nilai kalsifikasi terberat pada regio right femoropopliteal dengan skor 449,46 ± 289,92 diikuti regio left femoropopliteal dengan skor 425 (0-6759). Didapatkan korelasi positif sedang antara persentase propionat dan skor LLAC regio left below knee (r=0,521; p= 0,032). Didapatkan korelasi positif lemah antara kadar HDL dengan aortoiliac score (r=0,371; p=0,043). Terdapat korelasi positif sedang pada kadar LDL dengan LLAC regio left below knee (r=0,535; p=0,027) serta korelasi positif kuat antara nilai kolestrol total dengan LLAC regio left below knee (r=0,671; p=0,003).Kesimpulan: Ekskresi SCFA pada feses yang tinggi dapat mencerminkan nilai LLAC yang tinggi terutama regio femoropopliteal pada subjek CLTI dengan diabetes melitus.

---

Background: Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the end stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Peripheral artery disease can serve as a marker of atherothrombosis in other vascular systems. The role of gut microbiota in vascular diseases has gained attention in recent research. Changes in gut microbiota composition have been observed in various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are products of gut microbiota fermentation, can influence gut health and inflammation. SCFA can inhibit foam cell formation and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by endothelial cells. Arterial calcification, assessed using CT angiography, is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fecal SCFA levels and arterial calcification in CLTI patients with DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 CLTI subjects with type 2 DM who were treated at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. SCFA levels were measured using fecal samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: the 30 CLTI subjects with DM, 17 had CLTI in the left lower extremity and 13 had CLTI in the right lower extremity. The highest calcification score was found in the right femoropopliteal region with a score of 449.46 ± 289.92, followed by the left femoropopliteal region with a score of 425 (0-6759). A moderate positive correlation was found between the percentage of propionate and the LLAC score in the left below knee region (r=0.521; p=0.032). A weak positive correlation was observed between HDL levels and the aortoiliac score (r=0.371; p=0.043). There was a moderate positive correlation between LDL levels and the LLAC score in the left below knee region (r=0.535; p=0.027), as well as a strong positive correlation between total cholesterol levels and the LLAC score in the left below knee region (r=0.671; p=0.003).

Conclusion: High fecal SCFA excretion may reflect high LLAC scores, particularly in the femoropopliteal region, in CLTI subjects with diabetes mellitus.

"

"Latar Belakang: Insidensi dan prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) terus meningkat. Penurunan imunitas yang terjadi pada DMT2 dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi. Kontrol gula darah yang baik bermanfaat dalam pengendalian infeksi dan pencegahan komplikasi makro dan mikrovaskuler tetapi penelitian yang melibatkan pasien DMT2 usia lanjut masih belum konklusif. Serial kasus ini dilakukan untuk melihat efektivitas kontrol gula darah terhadap kesintasan pasien DMT2 yang dirawat di rumah sakit, dan untuk implementasi tatalaksana nutrisi sesuai kebutuhan dan kondisi klinis pasien. Metode: Pasien pada serial kasus ini berusia antara 47 ? 65 tahun. Penyulit infeksi pada keempat pasien ini yaitu gangren diabetikum, selulitis, dan sepsis dengan infeksi paru dan infeksi saluran kemih. Tatalaksana nutrisi pasien dilakukan sesuai dengan rekomendasi American Diabetes Association dan Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis dan toleransi pasien. Perhitungan kebutuhan nutrisi menggunakan rekomendasi untuk perawatan pasien sakit kritis bagi pasien yang dirawat di intensive care unit (ICU), dan menggunakan perhitungan dengan formula Harris-Benedict bagi yang dirawat di ruangan dengan faktor stres sesuai derajat hipermetabolisme pasien. Pasien dipantau selama 7 ? 11 hari. Edukasi diberikan kepada pasien dan keluarga selama perawatan dan saat akan pulang. Hasil: Dalam pemantauan, tiga pasien menunjukkan perbaikan klinis, toleransi asupan, dan laboratorium, dan dapat dipulangkan, sedangkan satu pasien meninggal dunia. Kesimpulan: Kontrol gula darah, asupan nutrisi yang adekuat, dan edukasi yang sesuai, dapat meningkatkan kesintasan pasien DMT2 dengan penyulit infeksi yang dirawat di rumah sakit.

---

Background: The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Immune disfunction in T2DM patient may increase the risk of infection. The appropriate blood glucose control has a benefit in infection control and macro and microvascular complication prevention. The Studies of glycaemic control included older patients did not find convincing evidence. The aim of this case series is to assess the association between glycaemic control and clinical outcome of hospitalized T2DM patient with comorbid infection, and to provide appropriate nutrition therapy based on individual nutrition needs.

Method: Patients in this case series were between 47 - 65 years old. There of those patients were diagnosed T2DM with comorbid gangrenous diabeticum, cellulitis, and sepsis with lung infection and urinary tract infection. Two patients need intensive care in ICU, and another patients in the ward. Two patients received nutrition therapy as critically ill condition, and the rest as American Diabetic Association recommendation, with basal calorie requirement were calculated using Harris-Benedict formula and stress factor suitable for metabolic changes. Monitoring was done for 7 - 11 days. Education was done for the patient and family during hospitalization and discharge planning.

Results: Three patients showed the improvement of clinical conditions, intake tolerance, and laboratory results, whatever one patient was pass away.

Conclusion: Glycaemic control, adequate nutrition intake, and intensive education, may improve survival rate in hospitalized T2DM patient with infection as comorbid."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Prevalensi disfungsi tiroid lebih tinggi pada pasien diabetes dibandingkan populasiumum. Hipotiroidisme memperburuk komplikasi, morbiditas, mortalitas, dan kualitas hidup pasiendiabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2). Faktor risiko hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 selama ini masihkontradiktif dan belum dikaji secara lengkap. Keberadaan sistem skor hipotiroidisme pada pasien DMtipe 2 diperlukan untuk membantu diagnosis dan menapis pasien DM tipe 2 yang memerlukanpemeriksaan laboratorium fungsi tiroid sebagai baku emas diagnosis hipotiroidisme.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Divisi Metabolik Endokrin(Poliklinik Diabetes) RSCM pada Juli sampai September 2015 dengan metode sampling konsekutif.Subjek menjalani anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium (TSH dan fT4). Analisisdata dilakukan dengan program statistik SPSS Statistics 17.0 untuk analisis univariat, bivariat,multivariat, dan Receiving Characteristics Operator (ROC) dan SPSS Statistics 20.0 untuk analisisbootstrapping pada Kalibrasi Hosmer-Lemeshow.Hasil. Sebanyak 303 subjek dianalisis untuk mendapatkan proporsi disfungsi tiroid dan 299 subjekdianalisis untuk mendapatkan determinan hipotiroidisme. Sebanyak 23 subjek (7,59%) terdiagnosishipotiroidisme, terdiri dari 43,5% subjek hipotiroid klinis dan 56,5% subjek hipotiroid subklinisberdasarkan Indeks Zulewski dan/atau Indeks Billewicz, dengan 16,7% hipotiroid klinis dan 83,3%hipotiroid subklinis berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan fT4. Determinan hipotiroidisme pada pasien DMtipe 2 adalah riwayat penyakit tiroid di keluarga dengan OR sebesar 4,719 (95% IntervalKepercayaan/IK 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), keberadaan goiter dengan OR sebesar 20,679 (95% IK 3,49122,66, p = 0,001),kontrol glikemik yang buruk dengan OR sebesar 3,460 (95%IK 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), dan adanya sindrom metabolikOR sebesar 25,718 (95% IK 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01). Simpulan. Proporsi hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah 7,59%. Determinan diagnosis dan komponen sistem skor hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah riwayat penyakit tiroid di keluarga, keberadaan goiter, kontrol glikemik yang buruk, dan adanya sindrom metabolik. Sistem skor yang diberi nama Skor Hipotiroid RSCM ini diharapkan menjadi alat bantu diagnosis hipotiroidisme pada pasienDM tipe 2. ABSTRACT Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results. 303 subjects included for proportion study of thyroid dysfunction and 299subjects included for analysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01). Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients.;Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results.303subjectsincludedforproportionstudyofthyroiddysfunctionand299subjectsincludedforanalysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01).Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients.;Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results.303subjectsincludedforproportionstudyofthyroiddysfunctionand299subjectsincludedforanalysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01).Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients."

"Penyakit Ginjal Kronik merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang prevalensinya terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penurunan fungsi ginjal menjadi penyakit ginjal kronik tahap akhir mengakibatkan pasien harus menjalani terapi penganti ginjal semur hidup. Terapi yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini adalah hemodialisis. Meskipun alat hemodialisis telah banyak dan canggih, namun ketahanan hidup pasien PGK masih rendah. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis adalah komorbiditas atau penyakit penyerta. Komorbiditas yang saat ini paling umum pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis adalah diabetes mellitus. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort restrospektif. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 bulan, 6 bulan, 9 bulan dan 1 tahun pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien dengan komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup 3 bulan, 6 bulan, 9 bulan, 1 tahun dan pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus adalah dalah 69%, 55% 34%, dan 34% sedangkan komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus adalah 76%, 61%, 53% dan 51%. Secara bivariat, pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus memiliki risiko untuk meninggal 1.75 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pasien komorbiditas bukan diabetes mellitus. Sementara itu dari analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel konfonder yang mempengaruhi rendahnya ketahanan hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis pada pasien dengan komorbiditas diabetes mellitus adalah akses vaskular.

---

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the no-communicable diseases which increase every years. The decline of kidney function will progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The ESRD patients has to undurgo dialysis therapy during their lives. the most dialysis therapy is hemodialysis. Although the machine of hemodialysis are quiet a a lot and sophisticate, the survival of CKD patients is still low. One of the causes of low survival PGK patient on maintenance hemodialysis is the comorbid or present disease. Nowadays the most common comorbid for CKD patient with hemodialysis is diabetes mellitus. Research design is using Kohort Retrospective. The probability of survival of 3 months,6 months, 9 months and 1 year CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis with comorbid diabetes mellitus is lower than patients without comorbidities of diabetes mellitus. The probability ofsurvival of 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year and CKD patients on maintenance with comorbid diabetes mellitus are 69%, 55% 34%, and 34% while one not comorbid diabetes mellitus are 76%, 61%, 53 % and 51%. In bivariate analysis,CKD patients on maintenance hemodialis with comorbid diabetes mellitus have a risk of dying 1.75 times faster than patients without comorbiddiabetes mellitus. Meanwhile obtained from multivariate analysis confonder variables that affect the low survival of CKD patients on maintenance in patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus is a vascular access."

"Background: thyroid dysfunction is more likely to occur in diabetes mellitus patients than general population. Until now, no study has been done to find prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in Indonesian diabetics. This study aimed to find the proportion and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrine and Diabetes Polyclinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July to September 2015. This study include type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, age ≥ 18 year-old, willing to undergo thyroid laboratory testing. In this study, hypothyroidism defined as TSH more than 4.0 mIU/L, while hyperthyroidism is defined as TSH less than 0.4 mIU/L with eCLIA. Results: from 364 subjects who were recruited from Endocrine and Diabetes Polyclinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 303 subjects underwent this study until analysis. Two hundred and three (273) subjects (90.1%) were euthyroid, 7 subjects (2.31%) were hyperthyroid, and 23 subjects (7.59%) were hypothyroid. Majority of the patients had subclinical hypothyroidism (56.5% based on Zulewski and Billewicz Score and 65.2% based on fT4 laboratory result), while 42.9% and 71.4% subjects had clinical hyperthyroidism based on clinical appearance and fT4 laboratory result respectively. Conclusion: proportion of hypothyroidism was 7.59% and hyperthyroidism was 2.31%, while the proportion of total thyroid dysfunction was 9.9% among diabetics. It is suggested that screening for thyroid dyscfunction can be done in high risk condition as a part of comprehensive management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients."

"[ABSTRAKPenyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) adalah salah satu komplikasi yang biasanya terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Pendeteksian PGK dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG) maupun urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Salah satu biomarker yang sedang diteliti adalah senyawa 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dan hubungannya dengan eLFG. Sampel yang dianalisis adalah pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 wanita di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti sebelumnya tahum lalu secara total sampling. Nilai eLFG diperoleh berdasarkan nilai kreatinin serum yang dihitung dengan rumus Cockroft-Gault, MDRD study, serta CKD-EPI, sedangkan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α diukur dengan menggunakan metode ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α diperoleh 7069,38 ± 7611,13 pg/mg kreatinin dan nilai eLFG diperoleh 93,15 ± 37,65 (Cockroft-Gault); 89,47 ± 34,30 (MDRD study); dan 87,05 ± 24,69 (CKD-EPI). Hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG (92 pasien) berdasarkan persamaan Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,396; p = < 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,375; p = < 0,001) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,342; p = 0,001). Sehingga diketahui terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG dengan α = 0,05.

---

ABSTRACTChronic Kidney Desease (CKD) is one of complication that most common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The detection of CKD is be done by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). One of the biomarkes being studied is 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α. The aim of this study was to analyze concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were type 2 diabetes mellitus woman patients at Pasar Minggu Local Government Clinic that collected by previous researcher last year in total sampling. eGFR was obtained based on the measurement of serum creatinine, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was 7069,38 ± 7611,13 pg/mg creatinine and the eGFR values 93,15 ± 37,65 (Cockroft-Gault); 89,47 ± 34,30 (MDRD study); and 87,05 ± 24,69 (CKD-EPI). The correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR (92 samples) is based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,396; p = < 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,375; p = < 0,001) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,342; p = 0,001). So there was a significant correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR.;Chronic Kidney Desease (CKD) is one of complication that most common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The detection of CKD is be done by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). One of the biomarkes being studied is 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α. The aim of this study was to analyze concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were type 2 diabetes mellitus woman patients at Pasar Minggu Local Government Clinic that collected by previous researcher last year in total sampling . eGFR was obtained based on the measurement of serum creatinine, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was 7069,38 ± 7611,13 pg/mg creatinine and the eGFR values 93,15 ± 37,65 (Cockroft-Gault); 89,47 ± 34,30 (MDRD study); and 87,05 ± 24,69 (CKD-EPI). The correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR (92 samples) is based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,396; p = < 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,375; p = < 0,001) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,342; p = 0,001). So there was a significant correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR., Chronic Kidney Desease (CKD) is one of complication that most common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The detection of CKD is be done by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). One of the biomarkes being studied is 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α. The aim of this study was to analyze concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α and its correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were type 2 diabetes mellitus woman patients at Pasar Minggu Local Government Clinic that collected by previous researcher last year in total sampling . eGFR was obtained based on the measurement of serum creatinine, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was measured by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α was 7069,38 ± 7611,13 pg/mg creatinine and the eGFR values 93,15 ± 37,65 (Cockroft-Gault); 89,47 ± 34,30 (MDRD study); and 87,05 ± 24,69 (CKD-EPI). The correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR (92 samples) is based on Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,396; p = < 0,001), MDRD (r = 0,375; p = < 0,001) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,342; p = 0,001). So there was a significant correlation between 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α concentration and eGFR.]"

"Latar belakang: Hipomagnesemia berhubungan dengan kejadian pre-diabetes, konversi ke diabetes tipe 2 dan juga komplikasi kronik diabetes, termasuk albuminuria. Hasil studi hubungan antara kadar magnesium dengan kejadian albuminuria pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 masih kontroversial. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian hubungan tersebut. Metode: Potong lintang dengan consecutive sampling pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang sudah terdiagnosis nefropati diabetes. Dilakukan anamnesis faktor risiko, pemeriksaan fisik, kadar magnesium, albumine creatinine ratio dan A1C. Hasil: Tiga puluh delapan subjek ikut dalam penelitian yang sebagian besar berusia lebih 50 tahun dan memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk (81,6%). Pada subjek penelitian yang memiliki kadar Mg <1,7 mg/dl 80% mengalami albuminuria, sementara subjek yang memiliki kadar Mg ≥ 1,7 mg/dl didapat 63,6% subjek penelitian yang mengalami albuminuria. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,006 yang menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah antara kadar magnesium dalam darah dengan albuminuria. Kesimpulan: Secara statistik tidak ditemukan korelasi antara kadar magnesium dengan albuminuria.

---

Background: Hypomagnesemia associated with occurance of prediabetes, convertion to type 2 diabetes and also chronic complication of diabetes, including albuminuria. Studies that look for correlation magnesium concentration with albuminuria in type 2 diabetes still controvensial that?s why we need to do this research.

Method: Cross sectional study done in type 2 diabetes who have been diagnosed with nephropathy. Correlation Pearson test used to prove correlation between magnesium level with albuminuria.

Result: Thirty eight subjects follow this study, majority of them age more than 50 years old, mostly having bad glycemic control (81,6%).There are 80 % subject with hypomagnesemia (Mg <1,7 mg/dl) suffered from albuminuria while subject with normomagnesia (Mg ≥ 1.7 mg/dl) only 63.6% suffered from albuminuria. This study result in no correlation between magnesium level in type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion: No correlation between serum magnesium concentration with albuminuria."