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"ABSTRAKDepresi merupakan salah satu gangguan psikologis yang terjadi pada ibu postpartum.Kejadian depresi postpartum Indonesia mencapai 20 dan di Provinsi Riau 15-20 ,angka tersebut harus ditekan menjadi 1 . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperolehmodel yang efektif dalam mencegah depresi postpartum. Penelitian ini terdiri daridua tahap yaitu tahap pengembangan model dan uji model. Hasil penelitian tahappengembangan model diperoleh 7 tema terkait pengalaman adaptasi ibu hamil dari9 partisipan. Model ini berupa intervensi edukasi yang diberikan kepada ibu hamildan suami yang terdiri dari 4 komponen yaitu edukasi untuk mengurangistimulus, meningkatkan koping, meningkatkan respons adaptasi yang efektif sertameningkatkan dukungan sosial suami dalam upaya mencegah terjadinya depresipostpartum. Penelitian uji model menggunakan desain quasi experiment pre-post testwith control group, dengan teknik consecutive sampling terhadap 108 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model Pencegahan Depresi Postpartm-Ratuefektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, respons adaptasi fisiologis, konsepdiri, fungsi peran, interdependen, dukungan sosial suami, serta menurunkan kejadiandepresi postpartum. Dukungan sosial suami merupakan satu-satunya variabel yangpaling berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kejadian depresi postpartum. Model inidiharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai upaya preventif dalam mencegah terjadinyadepresi postpartum. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan untuk dapat mengembangkanintervensi lain dalam upaya mencegah depresi postpartum.Kata kunci: ibu hamil, suami, depresi postpartum

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ABSTRACTName Ratu KusumaStudent ID 1006753274Study Program Doctor of Nursing, Faculty of NursingUniversitas Indonesia.Title The Effectiveness of Ratu rsquo s Postpartum Depression PreventionModel towards the Prevention of Postpartum DepressionDepression is one of psychological disorders experienced among pregnant women.The incidence of postpartum depression in Indonesia reaches 20 and in Riau itselfreaches 15 20 , the particular number needs to be stresed to 1 . This study aims toobtain effective model in preventing postpartum depression. The study consisted intotwo phases, which were the development of the model and the trial itself. Theoutcome of the development of the model was seven themes related to the adaptiveexperiences of the pregnant women from nine participants. The model was aneducational intervention consisting of four main components which are education indecreasing stimulus, increasing coping, increasing effective response of adaptation, aswell as increasing social support of the husband in preventing the incidence ofpostpartum depression. The model was executed by quasi experiment pre post testwith control group design towards 108 respondents. The result showed that theRatu rsquo s Postpartum Depression Prevention Model was effective in increasingknowledge, attitude, behavior, physiological adaptation response, self concept, rolefunction, interdependent, and the social support of the husband, as well as loweringthe incidence of postpartum depression. The social support of the husband was themost signifiacnt variable towards the incidence of postpartum depression. This modelis expected to be used in preventing postpartum depression. In the future, theupcoming research is excpected to develop another intervention in preventing post partum depression."

"Latar belakang. Ibu-ibu postpartum sering mengalami depresi, sebagai akibat gangguan adaptasi psikologis pada periode postpartum, sehingga sangat diperlukan tindakan keperawatan dalam mencegah terjadinya depresi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas intervensi psikoedukasi yang diberikan kepada ibu-ibu postpartum terhadap pencegahan terjadinya depresi postpartum dan adanya pengaruh usia, paritas, pekerjaan, pendidikan dan dukungan keluarga terhadap efek intervensi dalam mencegah depresi postpartum. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimentai dengan post test only design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Gunung Sitoli dan di lima Puskesmas di Kabupaten Nias. Sampel adalah ibu yang melahirkan normal, didampingi suami, ibu dan bayi dalam kondisi sehat tanpa komplikasi sebanyak 85 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) dan intervensi yang diberikan adalah psikoedukasi dengan media booklet.Hasil kejadian depresi postpartum berhubungan dengan faktor pendidikan dan dukungan keluarga. Intervensi psikoedukasi efektif secara signifikan (p= 0,001), Odds Ratio (OR) : 5,924 (95 % CI : 2,081-16,868) mencegah terjadinya depresi postpartum. Faktor dominan yang berpengaruh pada efektifitas intervensi psikoedukasi adalah dukungan keluarga dengan nilai p x,001, OR : 80 (95 % CI : 6,069 - 1054,570).Simpulan. Intervensi psikoedukasi efektif secara bermakna mencegah terjadinya depresi postpartum setelah dikontol oleh faktor dukungan keluarga.Rekomendasi : Psikoedukasi perlu diimplementasikan disemua tatanan pelayayan keperawatan matemitas dengan memberikan booklet sebagai media. Perlu juga dikembangkan program suami siaga dan keluarga siaga dalam memberi dukungan bagi ibu selama periode postpartum.

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Background : Postpartum mothers have experienced many postpartum depression frequently, as a result of psychological adaptation disturbances at postpartum period, therefore nursing care for postpartum mothers in preventing depression is needed. This research purposes to prove the effectiveness of psycho-education intervention effect which is given to postpartum mothers in preventing the existence of postpartum depression and effect of age, parity, occupation, education and family support to affect an intervention in preventing a postpartum depression. This research used a quasi experimental with post test only design. Research was implemented at public hospital of Gunung Sitoli and five community health centers in Sub-Province of Nias and used 85 mothers with normal childbirth as samples, they were accompanied by their husband, condition of mothers and their babies were healthy without complication. This research used an Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale questionnaire as instrument and psycho-education intervention was given with a booklet as media.

Result: The incident postpartum depression related to education and family support. This research showed that psycho-education intervention was effective significantly (p= 0,001), Odds Ratio (OR): 5,924 (95 % Cl : 2,081-16,868) to preventing a postpartum depression occurrence. The most dominant variable on effectiveness of psycho-education intervention is family support variable with p-value is p = 0,001, OR : 80 (95 % CI : 6,069 - 1054,570).

Conclusion: Psycho-education intervention is very effective for preventing a postpartum depression occurrence after controlled by family support factor.

Recommendation: Psycho-education is important to implement in maternity services and use a booklet as media. It is also important to develop an alert husband and family program in supporting mother during postpartum period."

"Latar belakang: Ansietas dan depresi postpartum dapat berdampak buruk pada ibu dan bayi. Pada bidang obstetri, oksitosin merupakan suatu preparat sintetik yang sering digunakan sehubungan dengan efek perifer oksitosin pada uterus, yaitu kontraksi uterus. Oksitosin memiliki efek sentral berupa penurunan respon ansietas dan respon terhadap stress, serta memfasilitasi ikatan sosial. Hingga saat ini belum banyak penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mencari pengaruh pemberian oksitosin eksogen terhadap efek sentral oksitosin, seperti efek ansiolitik dan efek pada depresiTujuan: Mengetahui kejadian ansietas dan depresi postpartum pada pemberian oksitosin intrapartum.Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain krosseksional. Pengamatan dilakukan secara berkala sebelum bersalin, hari ke 1, dan hari ke 14 postpartum.Hasil: Jumlah total subyek penelitian 112 pasien, prevalensi ansietas ringan dan sedang sebesar 94,6% dan 5,4%. Tidak ada yang mengalami ansietas sebelum melahirkan dan satu hari pasca-melahirkan. Prevalensi ansietas ringan dan sedang pada hari 14 pasca persalinan sebesar 83% dan 16.9%, dan tidak ada yang menjadi ansietas berat. Sedangkan prevalensi depresi pada 1 hari, dan 14 hari pasca persalinan sebesar 31,3%, dan 32,1% secara berurutan. Pada analisa hubungan cara pemberian, dosis kumulatif, dan lama pemberian oksitosin dengan ansietas dan depresi postpartum pada 1 hari dan 14 hari pasca persalinan tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna. Dari hasil analisis multivariat, hanya citra diri saja yang berpengaruh pada ansietas postpartum (OR=0,159, IK 95% 0,055-0,463), sementara untuk depresi postpartum, citra diri, penghasilan rendah dan keinginan hamil berpengaruh pada depresi postpartum. (OR=0,17, IK 95% 0,007-0,828; OR=10,348, IK 95% 1,715- 62,447; OR=0,17, IK 95% 0,055-0,528).Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan kejadian ansietas ringan dan sedang pada pemberian oksitosin intrapartum sebesar 94.6% dan 5.4%. Kejadian depresi postpartum pada pemberian Oksitosin intrapartum sebesar 31.3%.

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Background: Postpartum anxiety and depression is considered a debilitating mental disorder in postpartum period. These mental health problems has deleterious effects on new mothers and their baby. In obstetrics, oxytocin is one of synthetic preparate that commonly used for its periphery effect in uterus. New evidence shows that oxytocin also has central effect such as anxiolytic effect, decreased stress response, and facilitate social bonding. Nowadays, research that correlate oxytocin with anxiolytic effect in postpartum anxiety and depression is limited.Objective: the aim of this study is to search the prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression in patient who received intrapartum oxytocinMethods: an cross-sectional observational study that was conducted performed in our hospital. Observation using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale and Beck anxiety Inventory when patient came, 1 day, and 14 days postpartum.Results: From 112 patients, we found prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety when patient came and 1 day postpartum was 94,6% and 5,4%. Prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety when 14 day postpartum was and 16.9%. There was no severe anxiety found at those time. On the other hand, prevalence of postpartum depression at 1 day and 14 days postpartum were 31,3%, and 32,1%. There was no association between exogenous oxytocin and postpartum anxiety and depression. In multivariate analysis, we found that women with low self image more prone to postpartum anxiety (OR=0,159, IK 95% 0,055-0,463). In addition self image (OR=0,17, IK 95% 0,007-0,828), low income (OR=10,348, IK 95% 1,715- 62,447) and pregnancy plan (OR=0,17, IK 95% 0,055-0,528) have a significant association with postpartum depression.Conclusion: Prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety after intrapartum oxytocin is 94,6% and 5,4%. Prevalence of postpartum depression after intrapartum oxytocin is 31.3%."

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Pada periode postpartum, orang tua harus beradaptasi dengan perubahan keseimbangan kondisi fisik dan mental mereka. Kegagalan untuk beradaptasi dapat menyebabkan depresi pada kedua orang tua. Dalam penelitian ini, kami bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian depresi ayah pada periode postpartum dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi di Jakarta, Indonesia. Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 390 ayah dengan pengambilan sampel berturut-turut. Depresi ayah diukur menggunakan EPDS versi Indonesia. Instrumen lain yang digunakan adalah versi Bahasa Indonesia dari Family Coping Questionnaire dan Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire, Dyadic Adjustment Scale dan Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 36,7% ayah berisiko mengalami depresi pada periode postpartum dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan hubungan dengan pasangannya (rasio odds [OR] = 34,43, interval kepercayaan 95% [CI]: 15,8-74,6) , dukungan sosial (OR = 33.728, 95% CI 15.4-73.8), ikatan ayah dan bayi (OR = 17.816, 95% CI 8., 9-35.4), pendapatan keluarga (OR = 2.415, 95% CI: 1.323-4.411 ), dan status pekerjaan (OR = 0,091, 95% CI: 0,01-0,8) Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang kondisi ayah selama periode postpartum di Indonesia. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor psikososial ayah lainnya selama periode childbearing di Indonesia.

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In the postpartum period, parents must adapt to changes in the balance of their physical and mental conditions. Failure to adapt can lead to depression in either parent. In this study, we aimed to identify the incidence of paternal depression in the postpartum period and the influencing factors in Jakarta, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved in 390 fathers with consecutive sampling. Paternal depression was measured using the Indonesian version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Other instruments used were the Indonesian version of the Family Coping Questionnaire and Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. The results revealed that approximately 36.7% of fathers are at risk for depression in the postpartum period and the influencing factors are satisfaction of relations with their partner (odds ratio [OR]=34.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.8-74.6), social support (OR = 33,728, 95% CI 15.4-73.8), father and baby bonding (OR = 17,816, 95% CI 8.,9-35.4), family income (OR = 2.415, 95% CI: 1.323-4.411), and working status (OR = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.01-0.8)  This study provides insight into the father's condition during the postpartum period in Indonesia. Further research is needed to investigate other psychosocial factors of the father during the childbearing years in Indonesia.

 

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"Pasca melahirkan, ibu berisiko mengalami stres dan kecemasan, yang dapat berkembang menjadi depresi postpartum. Depresi postpartum, yang mengganggu kesejahteraan ibu dan bayi, dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk efikasi diri menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara efikasi diri menyusui dan kecenderungan depresi postpartum. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 112 responden di Kota Depok. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy – Short Form dan Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Hasil menunjukkan 41% responden memiliki efikasi diri menyusui rendah, dan 45,5% mengalami kecenderungan depresi. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan hubungan signifikan (p = 0.007, p < 0.05), dengan odds ratio 2,908. Temuan ini menunjukkan ibu dengan efikasi diri rendah berisiko 2,9 kali lebih besar mengalami kecenderungan depresi postpartum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan intervensi untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri menyusui guna mengurangi risiko depresi postpartum.

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Postpartum mothers are at risk of experiencing stress and anxiety, which may develop into postpartum depression. Postpartum depression, which negatively affects the well-being of both mother and baby, is influenced by various factors, including breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study aimed to identify the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and the tendency toward postpartum depression. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 112 respondents in Depok City. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy – Short Form and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale questionnaires. The results indicated that 41% of respondents had low breastfeeding self-efficacy, and 45.5% were prone to postpartum depression. The Chi-Square test showed a significant association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression (p = 0.007, p < 0.05), with an odds ratio of 2.908. These findings suggest that mothers with low breastfeeding self-efficacy are 2.9 times more likely to develop a tendency toward postpartum depression. This study recommends interventions to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy to reduce the risk of postpartum depression."

"Pasca melahirkan, ibu berisiko mengalami stres dan kecemasan, yang dapat berkembang menjadi depresi postpartum. Depresi postpartum, yang mengganggu kesejahteraan ibu dan bayi, dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk efikasi diri menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara efikasi diri menyusui dan kecenderungan depresi postpartum. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 112 responden di Kota Depok. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy – Short Form dan Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Hasil menunjukkan 41% responden memiliki efikasi diri menyusui rendah, dan 45,5% mengalami kecenderungan depresi. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan hubungan signifikan (p = 0.007, p < 0.05), dengan odds ratio 2,908. Temuan ini menunjukkan ibu dengan efikasi diri rendah berisiko 2,9 kali lebih besar mengalami kecenderungan depresi postpartum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan intervensi untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri menyusui guna mengurangi risiko depresi postpartum.

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Postpartum mothers are at risk of experiencing stress and anxiety, which may develop into postpartum depression. Postpartum depression, which negatively affects the well-being of both mother and baby, is influenced by various factors, including breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study aimed to identify the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and the tendency toward postpartum depression. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 112 respondents in Depok City. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy – Short Form and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale questionnaires. The results indicated that 41% of respondents had low breastfeeding self-efficacy, and 45.5% were prone to postpartum depression. The Chi-Square test showed a significant association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression (p = 0.007, p < 0.05), with an odds ratio of 2.908. These findings suggest that mothers with low breastfeeding self-efficacy are 2.9 times more likely to develop a tendency toward postpartum depression. This study recommends interventions to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy to reduce the risk of postpartum depression."

"Tulisan ini akan membahas permasalahan yang muncul dalam melakukandeteksi dan pencegahan depresi postpartum, faktor-faktor predisposisi terjadinyadepresi postpartum, berbagai efek buruk depresi postpartum yang dapatditimbulkan , dan suatu implikasi keperawatan melalui pendekatan asuhankeperawatan dalam mencari penyelesaian masalah depresi postpartum."

"ABSTRAKIbu dengan riwayat komplikasi persalinan dapat mengalami depresi postpartum yang ditandai dengan cemas, anhedonia, insomnia, merasa lelah, bersalah, dan muncul keinginan untuk menyakiti diri-sendiri atau bayinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan utamanya untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian depresi postpartum pada ibu dengan riwayat komplikasi persalinan. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah responden 107 ibu beriwayat komplikasi persalinan yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat. Instrumen pada penelitian ini ialah Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Persentase terbanyak kejadian depresi postpartum dialami oleh ibu dengan riwayat komplikasi perdarahan saat persalinan (75%). Kemudian sebanyak 71,4% ibu dengan riwayat komplikasi persalinan muntah mengalami depresi postpartum, dan sebanyak 66,7% untuk masing-masing komplikasi durasi persalinan lama dan anemia. Sedangkan kejadian depresi postpartum pada ibu dengan riwayat komplikasi persalinan sesarea sebanyak 53,3%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diharapkan tenaga kesehatan dapat mengenali tanda dan gejala depresi postpartum sejak dini, sehingga dapat dilakukan penanganan segera agar tidak menjadi masalah yang lebih kompleks.

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ABSTRACTMothers with a history of birth complications may experience postpartum depression, is characterized by anxiety, anhedonia, insomnia, feeling tired, guilty, and the willingness to harm themselves or their babies. The main aim of this study is to identify the incidence of postpartum depression in women with a history of childbirth complications. The design used was cross sectional with the number of respondents 107 women with history of birth complications were selected by consecutive sampling, then analyzed by univariate. The instrument is Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Highest percentage incidence of postpartum depression experienced by the mother with history of bleeding complications during childbirth (75%). Then as much as 71,4% of women with a history of vomiting during labor experienced postpartum depression, and as much as 66,7% for each of the complications of prolonged labor and anemia. While the incidence of postpartum depression in women with a history of cesarean delivery complications 53,3%. Accordingly, the expected health providers can recognize the signs and symptoms of postpartum depression early, so that immediate action can be done so as not to become a more complex problem."

"Metode: Pasien HIV yang melahirkan di RSUPNCM dan RSPI Sulianti Saroso periode Oktober 2012 hingga Maret 2013 masuk sebagai subyek penelitian. Subyek dilakukan skrining depresi dengan EPDS dan untuk mengukur dukungan sosial yang diberikan dengan KDS. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Fisher, Chi-Square dan uji T tidak berpasangan.Hasil: Sebanyak 34,1% subyek yang mengalami depresi pascapersalinan. Dimana didapatkan bahwa 40% yang mengalami depresi pascapersalinan tersebut tidak mendapatkan dukungan sosial yang baik. Dari karakteristik subyek yang mengalami depresi tersebut, 70% dari kelompok umur 20-35 tahun. Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, 56.7% subyek yang mengalami depresi pendidikannya rendah. Dari status paritas didapatkan 70% yang mengalami depresi pascapersalinan yaitu primipara.Kesimpulan: Dukungan sosial merupakan efek protektif terhadap terjadinya depresi pascapersalinan pada pasien HIV

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Objective : this study aim to evaluate the relation between social support given to HIV patients with the incidence rate of postpartum depression among them.

Methods : All HIV patients who was having delivery in RSUPNCM and Sulianti Saroso the period October 2012 to March 2013 entered as research subjects. We performed depression screening with the EPDS and to measure the social support provided by KDS. Statistical analysis was using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square and unpaired t test.

Results : We found total of 34.1% of subjects experienced postpartum depression, in which 40% did not received proper social support. By demographics characteristics of the subjects who experienced depression, 70% was in group of age 20-35 years, 56.7% of subjects with low education level and 70% was primiparous patients."

"Pandemi COVID-19 telah berdampak pada semua aspek kehidupan. Masalah psikologis dapat terjadi pada ibu nifas. Stres akibat pandemi bisa menjadi stres tambahan bagi ibu dan cenderung memicu depresi pascapersalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara stres pandemi COVID-19 dengan kejadian depresi postpartum pada ibu postpartum. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan sampel 115 ibu pascamelahirkan. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) dan Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara stres pandemi COVID-19 dengan kejadian depresi postpartum (p = 0,000). Perawat diharapkan menyoroti kebutuhan mendesak untuk menilai kesehatan mental ibu untuk mencegah depresi postpartum pada ibu yang melahirkan selama pandemi COVID-19.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of life. Psychological problems can occur in postpartum mothers. Stress due to pandemic can be an additional stress for mother and tends to trigger postpartum depression. This study aims to analyze the correlation between COVID-19 pandemic stress and postpartum depression events among postpartum mothers. The design of this study was cross-sectional with a sample of 115 postpartum mothers. This measuring instrument used was the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic stress and the postpartum depression events (p = 0.000). Nurses are expected to highlight the urgent need to assess maternal mental health to prevent postpartum depression among mothers who are giving birth during COVID-19 pandemic. "