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"It unfortunately reveals that regional autonomy, and so to education autonomy as an integral part of it, as reflected through UU No.22 Tahun 1999 has not touched the very basic of cultural values and process of democracy, one core element it should significantly contain with. Central as well as regional policy makers and politicians, especially, have spent much their time to physical need and financial balancing debates between central and locals and deliberately forget the intrinsic cultural issue of the term, that is democracy as a cultural value formation process. Taking our current national education situation into account this article tries to introduce some cultural principles education autonomy should aim at. Based on holism in cultural approach education autonomy should pay attention seriously to strengthening community support to education."

"This paper discusses the relevance of culture theories for understanding globalization and cultural change taking place in Indonesia. The issue of globalization and cultural change has recently figured prominently in various discourses in Indonesia, especially in relation to the question of how Indonesia's cultural identities should be maintained in the face of such a global process. This paper argues that the contemporary culture theory can help us understand such concepts as national culture and identity not as a static, essentialist entity, but rather as a dynamic social construction that is continuously reproduced and innovated by individual subjects. Such an argument is put forth in this paper by introducing aspects of culture theory that have not received much attention in Indonesia, i.e. practice, process, context and discourse concerning cultural construction."

"The implementation of local government policies during the New Order era has weakened Pesantren as local and Islamic education institution. The weakening is due to, firstly, the instructive position of central government to its local subordinates implying that this later apparatus be the instrument of gaining its target. Secondly, the head of local government as solely powerful figure in local structure has been decisive in many local policies. This local political situation has also implied a centralization of Islamic education policies during the era. The discussed cases of two Pesantren in two different districts in this article reveal that regional autonomy will be presumably strengthening this Islamic education institution."

"This paper is an ethnographic study to understand the prison?s culture in the correctional institutions ?X?. The writer has examined carefully the way of living day by day directly and raised a variety of mutual agreements among the residents behind the prison walls. The results in the investigation field shows the limit and deprivation that appears as an interpretation actor, not the institution, that occur according certain contexts. The prison?s culture not only discuss informal agreement but how the agreements can be maintained by the actors in everyday?s life utilization in fulfilling the needs and self-interests"

"In this article, the author brings forth the need for a cultural perspective in examining and handling the problem of transmigration. He concentrates on transmigrants and their settlements, and emphasizes the importance of transmigration settlement planning that accord with the culture of the future transmigrant, along with settlement planning that takes into account its future as a center of social and economic growth and social integration in the area. Drawing from his experience with transmigration in Irian Jaya, the author shows how the transmigrants of the village of Jambal and most of the local ethnic groups show varying, sometimes opposing, characteristics. He points out that transmigrants from Java are oriented toward their urban centers, but are then placed at relatively isolated areas. Thus it should come as no surprise if these transmigrants tend to abandon their new settlement for the city. The author suggests that the transmigration program can be said to be successful if it can be shown that the settlers are in fact faring better in their new area. Here, transmigration settlements cannot be regarded as mere settlement, but as arenas for the improvement of their habitants' prosperity. They must be viewed as part of the region's development and administrative system. The author completes the article with a model of transmigration for Irian Jaya that rests on a pluralistic model of society rather than a model of assimilation."

"The author explains how social change occurred in Minahasa due to education. Traditional education in Minahasa was strongly influenced by traditional belief (malesung) in which the teachers were adat leaders called walian. The impacts of Western education were felt with the arrival of the Spanish and Portuguese in the 16th century. In the middle of the 17th century both of them were expelled by the Dutch. VOC and NZG intensively disseminated Protestantism with the founding of schools for teachers, assistant preachers, and elementary schools. Those schools resulted into the decline of agricultural skills and handicraft of the youth which had been the primary way of earning a livelihood. They tend to look for work outside their villages. After independence, education grew rapidly with the increase of the number of schools. However, the awareness of the importance of education in some rural areas was not accompanied with the increase of social welfare."

"This article presents some of the feminist perspectives written by Rosemarie Tong (1989). Each of these perspectives has its own basic assumption in analyzing women's issue. Based on their analysis of causes and consequences of women's backwardness, it prescribes strategies for women's progress. However, each of these perspectives only give a partial and provisional answer to women's issues providing a unique perspective with its own methodological strengths and weakness."

"This article analyzes the positive thinking culture of each ethnic group in Poso, CentralSulawesi. This article also examines the factors that cause degradation of ethnic culture ofpositive thinking so as to serve as guidelines for public behavior. The study was conductedby observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of qualitative data. The research foundthe degradation of cultural values with several contributing factors. Finally, the model canbe described cultural transformation of positive thinking is right to apply to the youngergeneration. The transformational models of positive thinking culture are: parents need tocomprehend positive thinking culture and teach it to their children; the need to teach morals,positive thinking culture and the regional language in schools; an emphasis of parents andleaders as role-leader for the younger generation; the empowerment of traditional leadersin socializing positive thinking culture; the need for emerge individual to direct their thoughtand actions to positive matter."

"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak otonomi daerah terhadap identitas lokal. Sebagaimana terlihat dari kasus Sampit di Kalimantan Tengah, otonomi daerah terkait dengan munculnya identitas putra daerah. Kasus yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini berkaitan dengan pembentukan Provinsi Bangka-Belitung (Babel) yang mengakibatkan munculnya identitas putra daerah di kalangan orang Melayu di Bangka-Belitung. Dalam tulisan ini, saya menganalisis sejauhmana lembaga hukum adat dapat menyajikan solusi untuk mengatasi konflik etnis yang sedang terjadi di Bangka Belitung"

"Development in Indonesia has been characterized by a top-down and centralistic model, placing importance upon economic capital and measured by economic growth. The author argues for the importance of developing social capital investment, whereby social capital is seen as the capacity that emerges from mutual trust in society and transmitted through cultural mechanism. He provides two contrasting cases of social capital investment in development: community-based management resource management in South Tapanuli and a Social Safety Net program in North Sumatera. Although both were designed to allow for equal participation in every stage of the program, the latter met with failure because of very high bureaucratic intervention and the absence of trust among participants. On the other hand, the former program proved successful for the opposite reasons, and for the added ability of the community in crafting institutions."