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"This article examines the social and cultural roots of gender-based violence in Indonesia. The emphasis is on social relations, particularly ethnic group relations, and on cultural practices-especially those within the family that endanger women. The author argues that there is a process which begins with labeling, followed by state-sanctioned discrimination, and that culminates in the creation of situations prone to violence. The author provides examples from various regions in Indonesia as well as from different periods in Indonesian history. She further argues that the process can be stopped with a more positive attitude towards the diversity of Indonesian society, which must be brought about by education in the home and in schools, and by legal reforms."

"This paper points out that the state defense doctrine based on the military historical experience which is dominated by the Hobbesian paradigm is one of the roots of military violence in Indonesia. The ius ad bellum doctrine principle is not applied in the Indonesian state defense doctrine. Although the application of the ius ad bellum doctrine created a chance to develop a state defense strategy that considers morality as an important aspect, there is nevertheless no military actor in Indonesia paying attention to this matter. Consequently, there is a high tendency to use war instruments immorally. This reality is categorized as military violence. Undoubtedly, military violence can lead to a rise in human rights violations. The author argues that military violence in Indonesia can be minimized by developing a state defense strategy which 1) considers morality as an important aspect; 2) gives priority to exploring all conflict resolution alternatives before using military instruments; and 3) civil society is no longer included in the application of the Indonesian defense strategy."

"Konflik-konflik berdarah yang menyertai Indonesia setelah jatuhnya Orde Baru cenderung terjadi di Indonesia bagian Timur, dengan pengecualian daerah Aceh. Saat ini banyak analisis akademis, baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun Inggris yang telah mulai menguraikan aspek-aspek politis, sosial dan diskursif dari konflik-konflik di Timor Timur, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Poso, Kalimantan dan Papua. Penelitian-penelitian ini telah mulai meninggalkan penelaahan-penelaahan yang terlalu sederhana dan kerap sarat bias yang muncul segera setelah terjadinya konflik. Penelitian-penelitian tersebut mulai memberikan gambaran tentang konteks etnografis yang lengkap dan lebih rumit dari 'perang di Indonesia bagian Timur'. Gambaran ini memperlihatkan tercampur baurnya provokasi politik, ketegangan ekonomi, provokasi diskursif, dan adaptasi buletin lokal terhadap bentuk-bentuk identifikasi berdasarkan agama suku bangsa yang memberikan dorongan dan motif berbeda untuk ikut serta dalam setiap kerusuhan individual yang bergejolak di berbagai wilayah Indonesia Timur setelah tahun 1999. Walaupun setiap bentrokan/pertikaian (bahkan dalam satu wilayah konflik seperti Maluku atau Poso) seringkali bersifat unik secara politis dan pengalaman, mereka saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Setiap kerusuhan memupuk berkembangnya perasaan paranoia nasional yang disebarluaskan oleh media. Dalam prosesnya,setiap pertikaian/bentrokan menaburkan bibit-bibit kekerasan di tempat lainnya."

"Protection issues of children's rights in Indonesia has not received sufficient attention. Law4 of 1979 concerning child welfare, and No. 23 of 2002 on the protection of children. Children'srights, such as the right to life, the right to protection from the threats to her own safety, the right to equality in education, employment, health, the right to employment, the right to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter. Quantitatively, the number of street children in the city of Padang in the last ten years has increased. This research provides in-depth information about the various forms of violence experienced by street children in the city of Padang. This study was conducted in five point activity gathering place and street children in the city of Padang.The study found that violence to street children and some factors which it caused the violence.Demoralization among street children is a reaction to a situation that is very limited and therigors of life on the streets. It is difficult to make strict limits on the morality of the group of street children. All forms of violence experienced by children and street, is a phenomenological reality for street children and a variety of social interactions that occur among street children in it loaded with a cargo of reciprocity, and can be seen as a form of social safety networks."

"Violent tragedy in Bali has a long history. Violence during the Dutch colonial regime, until the 1965 massacre of local political violence under the "Orde Baru" occurred. Post-Reform of 1998, the tragedy of violence re-emerged in tandem with the strengthening of indigenous authority (Pakraman Village) that forced silence during the centralized authoritarian "Orde Baru" regime. Pakraman village go hand in hand with the spirit of strengthening the cultural movement (Ajeg Bali) post Bali bombings of 2002 and 2005. Within institutions of Pakraman Village, there lies pecalangan, a traditional indigenous security forces who participates in the business of security and control of new settlers in these territories. In political violence contestation and strengthening of the culture, the local-hero who has a long history of political violence in Bali plays their vital role through the mass organizations and also joined as pecalangan. This paper tried to describe the relationship between political history of violence in Bali and the pursuit of the local-hero in it."

"While there has been awareness of the problems of the relevance of Western concepts, theories and assumptions in critical works on the state of the social sciences in the Third World, what is meant as a conceptual level by relevance and irrelevance has rarely been the subject of discussion. The conceptualization of relevance is important because it lies at the basis of efforts to make the social sciences more relevant to conditions in the Third World. Nevertheless, the calls for greater relevance have generally been made in vague terms owing to the less than systematic manner in which "irrelevance" was discussed. The result was that calls for more relevant social sciences were equally unclear. This paper aims to advance our understanding of the problem of relevance by way of providing a preliminary conceptualization of relevance."

"Pengertian carok paling tidak harus mengandung lima unsur, yaitu tindakan atau upaya pembunuhan antarlaki-laki, pelecehan harga diri terutama berkaitan dengan kehormatan perempuan (istri), perasaan malu (malo), adanya dorongan, dukungan, persetujuan sosial disertai perasaan puas, dan perasaan bangga bagi pemenangnya (hlm. 184-185). Menurut hemat saya, carok sebagai media kultural untuk menunjukkan kejantanan dengan kekerasan fisik menjadi tidak jelas jika dihubungkan dengan nyelep (menyerang musuh dari belakang atau sampingketika musuh sedang lengah). Carok sebagai pembelaan terhadap harga diri yang terlecehkan menjadi 'tuna makna' kalau hanya dihubungkan dengan kehormatan perempuan. Carok bukan hanya penegakan kehormatan yang berhubungan dengan penghinaan terhadap istri, melainkan juga berhubungan dengan gangguan terhadap mantan istri yang telah dicerai, air, rumput, dan pelecehan agama. Carok dipandang oleh sebagian pelakunya sebagai suatu alat untuk memperoleh kekuasaan."

"In November 1967 the General Assembly United Nations adopted the declaration "to ensure the universal recognition in law and in fact of the principle of equality of men and women". That Declaration was known as the Declaration of the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women. One of the state ratified the declaration is Indonesia. The ratification was declared as Undang-undang No. 7/1984. After eight years declared, it would be still interesting to know how the law works in reality. Does anyone know about what happened and what is going on with the legal issues regarding women. This article tries to get some explanation about how far the declaration is known and what was done about it. Some law and social-political science students of University of Indonesia were interviewed. What they say, feel, and think about all of women issues in terms of knowing and understanding the declaration would be held in this small-scale research."

"This article is dedicated to the late Prof. Koentjaraningrat. It attempts to trace the history and the source of a concept and method used by Koentjaraningrat in a research and many of his speeches in the period of 1960-70s. The concept is called 'orientasi nilai-budaya'. The author finds that the concept was borrowed from the concept 'value orientation' used by Florence Kluckhohn and Fred Strodbeck, which was printed in their book, Variations in Value Orientation (1961). The concept 'value orientation' was originally stems from the concept 'value', which was once developed by Clyde Kluckhohn, the husband of Florence Kluckhohn, at Harvard University USA. This explanation, according to the author, is important for the student of anthropology in Indonesia. In the final of the article, the author attempts to apply the concept to the socio-cultural changes in contemporary Indonesia, particularly among the members of Islamic community."

"This article is dedicated to the late Prof. Koentjaraningrat. It attempts to trace the history and the source of a concept and method used by Koentjaraningrat in a research and many of his speeches in the period of 1960-70s. The concept is called 'orientasi nilai-budaya'. The author finds that the concept was borrowed from the concept 'value orientation' used by Florence Kluckhohn and Fred Strodbeck, which was printed in their book, Variations in Value Orientation (1961). The concept 'value orientation', was originally stems from the concept 'value', which was once developed by Clyde Kluckhohn, the husband of Florence Kluckhohn, at Harvard University USA. This explanation, according to the author, is important for the student of anthropology in Indonesia. In the final of the article, the author attempts to apply the concept to the socio-cultural changes in contemporary Indonesia, particularly among the members of Islamic community."