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"In many multi-ethnic and multi-religious societies, nation building has often become the urgent task of the government. Under the authoritarian rule of Soeharto, the state introduced an assimilationist policy towards the ethnic Chinese. As the model of the Indonesian nation was based on indigeneity, the ethnic Chinese, considered to be foreign, were expected to be absorbed into the 'native population'. However, after the fall of Soeharto and the rise of a more democratic regime, this policy has been gradually abandoned and multiculturalism has been adopted. This paper aims at examining the evolving concept of the Indonesian nation, the state changing policies towards the ethnic Chinese and the responses of this minority, especially after the fall of the New Order regime. The revival of Chinese ethnicity and the relationship with nation building in the land of the Garuda will also be discussed."

"This paper is written based on the author's research on the policy of Chinese assimilation in two types of high school in Medan (1985-1986). Based on education policy issued in 1975,Indonesian students of Chinese descent are brought to contact with 'local students' to absorb so-called National culture through assimilation in schools. The author specifies two models of assimilation school, one is public schools, and the other is private schools with certain religious affiliations. There are seven indicators to measure successful assimilation (cultural, structural, amalgamations, identification, attitude, behaviour, and civic education) which show that the overall success of the assimilation agenda is still open to question if not unexpected. However, the author remarks that surprisingly, the assimilation process seems to have met with greater success in religious schools rather than public schools and he also critically points out that the basic assumption of assimilation is misleading and does not support the enrichment of a multicultural society."

"This paper is written based on the author's research on the policy of Chinese assimilation in two types of high school in Medan (1985-1986). Based on education policy issued in 1975,Indonesian students of Chinese descent are brought to contact with 'local students' to absorb so-called National culture through assimilation in schools. The author specifies two models of assimilation school, one is public schools, and the other is private schools with certain religious affiliations. There are seven indicators to measure successful assimilation (cultural, structural, amalgamations, identification, attitude, behaviour, and civic education) which show that the overall success of the assimilation agenda is still open to question if not unexpected. However, the author remarks that surprisingly, the assimilation process seems to have met with greater success in religious schools rather than public schools and he also critically points out that the basic assumption of assimilation is misleading and does not support the enrichment of a multicultural society."

"The ethnic conflict in Indonesia is a sign of huge problems facing Jakarta and local areas Indonesia, therefore the explanation for its occurrence cannot be produced without examining the central-periphery relations, which involve structural problems in constructing and maintaining power. Ethnicity, for instance, has become political commodity, which is constructed by central powers and made manifest through the concept of SARA (ethnicity, religion, race and inter-group relations). Thus, government tends to find and explain the root of ethnic conflict in ethnic cultural differences itself, whereby differences of ideology and life practices are viewed as the source of conflict. This article attempts to examine ethnic conflict by analyzing three main factors, which are first, the change in the balance of ethnic relations. Second, the imposition of a uniform politics in pluralistic society. Third, a weakening of traditional relationship and the credibility of local elites as a result of government intervention. Based on these three factors, this article concludes that ethnic conflicts are not only matters of ethnic cultural differences, but also are rooted much deeper in systematic mistakes in managing these differences and the conflicts itself ,where culture has been used for government's political interests."

"Tulisan ini terdiri atas 3 tinjauan buku yang berbeda. Pertama, tinjauan tentang Irony and Crisis: A Critical History of Postmodern Culture karya Stuart Sim yangsering menulis dan membahas postmodernisme. Buku yang ia tulis masih menggunakan narasi sebagai alat komunikasi dan belum beranjak ke bentuk alternatif yang lebih mencerminkan filsafat postmodernisme. Artikel yang kedua merupakan tinjauan atas karya Charles A. Coppel, yakni Studying Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. Peninjau mengatakan bahwa buku ini merupakan kumpulan esai yang bertutur mengenai pasang surut etnik Cina di Indonesia masa-masa awal Orde Baru(1960-an) hingga awal tahun 2000an. Berbagai essai ini ditulis sejak awal tahun 1970-an (duatahun setelah Soeharto menjadi Presiden RI) hingga tahun 2001 (tiga tahun setelah Soeharto lengser). Tinjauan yang terakhir berbicara tentang Seks, Gender, dan Reproduksi Kekuasaan karya Irwan Abdullah. secara garis besar, peninjau membahas bagaimana kbuku ini membahas perempuan dalam segi ekonomi yang berjuang agar tidal lagi menjadi objek."

"This article examines the social and cultural roots of gender-based violence in Indonesia. The emphasis is on social relations, particularly ethnic group relations, and on cultural practices-especially those within the family that endanger women. The author argues that there is a process which begins with labeling, followed by state-sanctioned discrimination, and that culminates in the creation of situations prone to violence. The author provides examples from various regions in Indonesia as well as from different periods in Indonesian history. She further argues that the process can be stopped with a more positive attitude towards the diversity of Indonesian society, which must be brought about by education in the home and in schools, and by legal reforms."

"This aritcle discusses about the phenomenon of globalization involving two fishermencommunities, the Tomalou fishermen in Tidore islands and the Philipines fishermen. Bothof them sail and hunt in the same seawater zone, constructed and formed as a transborderterritory between Indonesia and the Philipines. The natural resources management systemthrough decentralization should ensure the exsistence of local fishermen (Tomalou) to gainmarine (fish) resources, secured by government without interference by the Philipine fishermen.The data in this paper has been analyzed with several transborder theories. As a result, thispaper shows that the state representated by the regional government has failed to protect thelocal fishermen (Tomalou) and ensure in continued presence in achiving welfare from the searesources."

"In this article the author examines the problem of ethnicity and the Indonesian nation-state. He asserts that Indonesia's history is marked by the tension between the country's ideological basis - as started in the preamble to its constitution- and the structural foundations stipulated in the chapters of that constitution. Working to achieve unity in diversity through the power granted him by the constitution, Soekarno applied the geopolitics based upon the Blut und Boden Theorie. However, each and every ethnic group that was to be united met the criteria of Blut und Boden and others. The concentration of power upon the president, reinforced by the Javanese conception of power, continued with Soeharto; eventually leading to the reform movement wherein in the many smaller groups in the union have begun to speak out. The author concludes that the centralization of power of the past must be replaced by a system with broad regional autonomy. While remaining true to the principle of the constitution, the distribution of economic power among the regions serve also as a safeguard against future crisis."

"While there has been awareness of the problems of the relevance of Western concepts, theories and assumptions in critical works on the state of the social sciences in the Third World, what is meant as a conceptual level by relevance and irrelevance has rarely been the subject of discussion. The conceptualization of relevance is important because it lies at the basis of efforts to make the social sciences more relevant to conditions in the Third World. Nevertheless, the calls for greater relevance have generally been made in vague terms owing to the less than systematic manner in which "irrelevance" was discussed. The result was that calls for more relevant social sciences were equally unclear. This paper aims to advance our understanding of the problem of relevance by way of providing a preliminary conceptualization of relevance."

"This article illuminates the author's concern that policies of multiculturalism which reverberated around the euphoria of the reformasi era appears to be in fact a response of the New Order government policy which emphasize on 'mono-culture' policy. The author sees that is not an impossible thing that policies of multiculturalism will be trapped on primordialism and certain ethnic domination. The author builds the argument from empirical data collected from art inventions of several ethnic groups in Indonesia that illustrate there is a tight relationship between art inventions and ethnic existence identity/solidarity. Arts invention brings toward identity reinforcement, existence, and finally authority from the ethnic group. This empirical data demonstrates that arts invention brings ethnic authority not only arts authority, but also authority in political life. Studying from the data raises the concern that multicultural policies which gives freedom to culture will bring to authority formation and concentration among ethnic groups with the strong potential in creating their arts. When this happens, Indonesia will return to certain ethnic domination. Is the government ready for the possible implication of such multicultural policies?"