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"In this book, the business of international freight forwarding is examined from both a theoretical and empirical point of view with a special emphasis on multimodal transport chains, including sea or air transport operations. In such contexts, the freight forwarder is always considered "The architect of transport", but this intermediary role seems to be largely neglected in research to date. Therefore, relevant concepts from economic theory and economic sociology are employed to produce both an intermediary and a network perspective of freight forwarding in order to provide a better understanding of this kind of transportation business. Furthermore, its intermediary role in such inherent network structures is explored by mapping relationship patterns in a stylized model framework applied to a questionnaire-based sample collected among freight forwarders engaged in such multimodal transport chains in Germany (especially from Hamburg, Bremen and Bremerhaven) as well as in Austria in 2003."

"Summary:With a key focus on mixed methods, coverage of the 'why' as well as the 'how', and clear explanation of the CORE system, this book will be instrumental in helping readers to produce organized, ethical, insightful and, of course, comprehensive literature reviews"

"Berangkat dari “membaca sebagai aktivitas multimodal” (Knox, 2020), penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan bagaimana moda-moda bekerja sama dalam membangun makna untuk mengomunikasikan pesan atau informasi dalam sebuah bacaan tertentu. Penggunaan teks multimodal dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing semakin umum digunakan, terutama di ruang kelas kontemporer seperti pada buku teks. Peran elemen visual dalam buku teks meskipun dapat dikatakan tidak dapat menggantikan teks verbal, kehadirannya merupakan unsur tidak kalah penting dan selalu menjadi bagian dari bacaan itu sendiri. Untuk itu, penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap peranan elemen visual dan verbal dalam buku teks BIPA dengan menyelisik peranan kedua elemen tersebut di dalam buku teks. Penelitian ini menerapkan studi kualitatif di bawah payung Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional (LSF) untuk menganalisis elemen visual dan verbal yang terdapat dalam buku teks. Elemen visual dan verbal dianalisis berdasarkan tiga metafungsi, yaitu metafungsi ideasional, metafungsi interpersonal, dan metafungsi tekstual. Data visual dan verbal dalam penelitian ini diperoleh buku teks, yaitu Sahabatku Indonesia untuk Penutur Bahasa Thailand. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi metafungsi ideasional, elemen visual berperan sebagai pelengkap dan visualisasi elemen verbal. Namun, pada saat yang bersamaan, elemen visual cenderung mengabaikan elemen verbal karena kurang merepresentasikan apa yang diinformasikan di dalam teks. Dari segi metafungsi nterpersonal, elemen visual dan verbal berperan dalam membangun interaksi denganpembaca. Namun, interaksi yang dibangun didominasi oleh interaksi satu arah. Dari segi tekstual, elemen visual dan verbal berperan dalam memandu pembaca dalam menelusuri informasi dari teks bacaan. Akan tetapi, elemen visual lebih kentara dibandingkan dengan elemen verbal.

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Taking a trajectory from “reading as a multimodal activity” (Knox, 2020), this study tries to investigate how multiple modes work together in constructing meaning to communicate messages or information in a particular reading passage. The application of multimodal texts in language learning has become increasingly more common, especially in contemporary classrooms such as textbooks. Although it can be said that they cannot substitute for the verbal texts, visual elements often play critically important role in the textbooks and even being an integral part of reading passage.

Having understood that, this study attempts to analyse the role of visual and verbal elements in the Bahasa Indonesia for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) textbook by examining their role within the texts. The research is based on qualitative method and applies the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to analyse visual and verbal elements in the multimedia textbook Sahabatku Indonesia untuk Penutur Bahasa Thailand through three metafunctions: Ideational metafunction, Interpersonal metafunction, and Textual metafunction.

In terms of ideasional metafunction, the study finds that visual elements frequently complement and act as visual articulation of the verbal elements but at the same time tend to ignore them when the visual elements have not sufficiently provided information as intended by the verbal elements. On the interpersonal metafunction, the visual and verbal elements do build interactions though predominantly one-way. While both play a role in terms of textual metafunction, the visual elements are found in this study as having more salient in guiding the readers to discern information from the texts."

"Makalah ini membahas pola komposisional dalam buku cerita bergambar bilingual sebagai bentuk usulan kerangka membaca buku cerita bergambar bilingual. Studi kasus ini melakukan analisis wacana multimodal terhadap lima buku cerita bilingual Indonesia-Inggris. Pendekatan multimodal digunakan untuk memahami elemen visual dan teks bilingual dalam buku cerita bergambar. Analisis dilakukan dengan melihat pola fitur tata letak, bingkai, fokus, dan nilai informasi dari teks verbal dan visual. Studi ini menunjukkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, pola tata letak teks visual dalam buku cerita bilingual cenderung disusun terintegrasi di atas latar berwarna sehingga memudahkan pembaca mengenali teks verbal. Kedua, teks visual dan verbal cenderung dibuat tanpa bingkai dengan konteks digambarkan secara penuh sehingga pembaca merasa dekat dengan cerita. Ketiga, susunan fokus cenderung dibuat terpolarisasi pada dua kutub secara vertikal dengan menempatkan teks verbal di atas teks visual. Keempat, pengorganisasian teks verbal dalam buku cerita condong diletakkan pada posisi bernilai sedang untuk menyampaikan informasi umum dan familier bagi pembaca. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, pembaca diharapkan dapat membangun interaksi dalam kegiatan membaca buku bersama dengan memanfaatkan pola-pola tersebut. Temuan ini juga dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pembaca dalam memilih buku bilingual sesuai tingkat literasi. Adapun susunan bahasa dalam buku bilingual perlu mendapat perhatian khusus bagi pembaca untuk menetapkan kembali tujuan membaca buku cerita bilingual, yakni sebagai bahan pendukung kegiatan belajar bahasa asing atau sebagai bahan bacaan rekreasi.

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This paper discusses the design of compositional meanings in bilingual picture books. It aims to offer a framework for reading bilingual picture books. Employing a case study, this study was conducted by using a multimodal discourse analysis drawing on five Indonesian - English picture books. The multimodal analytical approach involved the compositional meaning of the visual elements and dual texts in bilingual picture books. The analysis was carried out by examining the patterns of layout, frames, focus, and information values of verbiage and image in the books. This study highlights several findings. First, the layout design of verbiage and image tends to be arranged integrated over a coloured background making it easier for the reader to recognize the verbal text. Secondly, the image and verbiage tends to be frameless with contextualised background so as to allow readers to feel intimate with the story. The focus arrangements tend to be polarized vertically by placing the verbiage above the image. Finally, the organization of verbiage in bilingual picture books tends to be placed in a moderate value position conveying general and familiar information for readers. These findings suggest the expected reader to build interaction in joint-reading activities with those patterns of design. Readers however can choose their own bilingual picture books based on their level of literacy. The composition of languages in bilingual picture books require certain recognition from readers to redefine the purpose of reading bilingual books such as a supporting material for foreign language learning or as reading-for-pleasure material.

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"The number of primates on the brink of extinction continues to grow due to threats such as habitat loss, hunting, and disease. The need to respond with effective conservation measures has therefore never been greater. This edited book brings together an international team of contributing authors with wide-ranging expertise to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research principles and management practices in primate conservation. The chapters are grouped into three sections: background and conceptual issues, threats, and solutions. In the first section, the authors consider why we should conserve primates, summarize the conservation status of primates, discuss species concepts and their relevance to conservation, review primate conservation genetics, and describe primate abundance and distributions. The second section includes discussion of threats from habitat destruction and degradation, primate trade, hunting, infectious diseases, and climate change. The third section considers solutions to primate conservation challenges from several perspectives: protected areas, landscape mosaics, human-primate conflict, reintroduction, ecosystem services, and evidence-based conservation. The book concludes with consideration of some future directions for primate conservation research."