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"Terjadinya krisis di tahun 1997 memaksa bank sentral untuk melepaskan rezim nilai tukar tetap dan mengubahnya menjadi rezim nilai tukar mengambang. Perubahan tersebut menyebabkan timbulnya resiko nilai tukar di dalam perekonomian, sehingga meningkatkan resiko kegiatan usaha.Perubahan nilai tukar akan mempengaruhi kondisi neraca perbankan dan perusahaan, yang akhirnya berpengaruh pula pada keputusan pemberian kredit. Di lain pihak, perubahan kondisi neraca ditambah dengan selisih berbagai alternatif biaya pendanaan, akan berpengaruh pada keputusan pengajuan permohonan kredit perusahaan.Penelitian ini kemudian akan berusaha untuk melihat, pertama, pengaruh depresiasi nilai tukar terhadap penurunan aliran kredit; kedua, pengaruh kebijakan moneter ketat terhadap penurunan permintaan kredit dan atau peningkatan penawaran kredit; ketiga, pengaruh depresiasi nilai tukar pada efektivitas mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit perbankan dan jalur kredit luas.Dengan dekomposisi varians dan IFF metode VAR, ditemukan bahwa, pertama, depresiasi nilai tukar menurunkan aliran kredit. Kedua, kebijakan moneter ketat direspon lebih cepat oleh penurunan permintaan kredit dibandingkan peningkatan penawaran kredit. Ketiga, perubahan nilai tukar dan kurang responsifnya penawaran kredit terhadap kebijakan moneter, menyebabkan mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit perbankan tidak efektf. Keempat, dengan responsifnya permintaan kredit terhadap perubahan kebijakan moneter menyebabkan efektifnya jalur kredit luas."

"Kebijakan moneter telah memainkan peranan yang penting dalam struktur perekonomian Indonesia, deregulasi moneter telah memberikan porsi yang lebih besar terhadap sektor moneter karena adanya efek perbankan yang sangat besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.Teori standar makroekonomi menyatakan bahwa kebijakan moneter sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan kebijakan moneter memiliki efek yang merata secara nasional, hal ini dalam praktek seringkali tidak terjadi. Suatu negara pada umumnya memiliki daerah dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda sehingga efek kebijakan moneter tidak selalu seragam dan cenderung memiliki efek yang berbeda antar daerah.Hipotesis yang dikembangkan dalam tulisan ini adalah transmisi kebijakan moneter daerah dapat berbeda-beda dalam merespon kebijakan moneter tunggal dikarenakan oleh faktor spesifik daerah tersebut dan karena adanya faktor interaksi antar daerah. Tulisan ini membuktikan adanya efek yang berbeda antar daerah dan kebjakan moneter di Pulau Sumatera dan Jawa. Transmisi kebijakan moneter diukur dengan menggunakan metode VAR (Vector Auto Regression) dan dalam menganalisa faktor determinan transmisi moneter daerah dianalisa dengan metode cross section."

"As the result of global financial liberalization there is a tendency for increasing number of portfolio INVESTMENT which in turn dominates the domestic financial market. This study aims to elaborate the effect of shortterm portfolio investment flows to the exchange rate. Using the method of Vector Auto Regressive (VAR), this study employs quarterly data from 1997 to 2007.The result shows that both real and nominal exchange rates are affected by the short-term portfolio investment flows dominantly. In particular the short-term portfolio investment inflows strengthen the local currency. Secondly, in other direction short-term portfolio investment flows also affected by both real and nominal exchange rate. Thirdly, the impact of shortterm portfolio investment flows to change of nominal exchange rate is temporarily due to adjustment toward equilibrium, but not for real exchange rate."

"AbstractThe stable fluctuation of Rp against the US$ during the free floating exchange rate regime in 2002-2007 raises the existence of fear of floating exchange rate phenomenon in Indonesia. The GARCH method is use to verify this phenomenon. Moreover, Time Varying Parameter and Error Correction Mechanism method shows the economic reason behind the Monetary Authoritys response in stabilizing rupiah. Depreciation and increasing volatility of Rupiah raises ination and bank Non-Performing Loans, while appreciation and increasing volatility of Rupiah, reduce the net export. Furthermore, Vector Autoregressive confirms the Monetary Authority respond to exchange rate shock through the interest rate policy for four months and through the foreign reserves policy for two months."

"Robust measurement of interest rates speed of adjustment to monetary policy changes is very important to obtain acomprehensive understanding on the monetary transmission process and the eectiveness of monetary policy. The speed of adjustment are determined by number of frictions that interfere with the transmission of monetary policy.We measure Indonesia interest rate pass-through which have distinct characteristics in terms of banking competition, segmented banking market and concentrated structure. Interest rate pass-through is measured by using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Mean Adjusted Lags (MAL). This paper shows the interest rate adjustment did take a relatively long time.

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Pengukuran kecepatan penyesuaian suku bunga perbankan terhadap perubahan kebijakan moneter sangat penting sehingga diperoleh pemahaman komprehensif atas proses transmisi moneter dan efektivitas kebijakan. Kecepatan perubahan suku bunga deposito dan kredit perbankan ditentukan oleh adanya friksi-friksi transmisi kebijakan moneter ke sektor perbankan dan sektor riil. Penelitian ini mengukur interest rate pass-through perbankan Indonesia yang memiliki karakteristik khas dalam hal tingkat kompetisi perbankan, segmentasi pasar, dan struktur industri perbankan yang tinggi. Interest rate pass-through diukur dengan menggunakan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) dan Mean Adjusted Lags (MAL). Hasil uji menunjukkan penyesuaian suku bunga membutuhkan waktu yang lama."

"The relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance has been scrutinized by many economists since Bretton Wood System collapsed in 1971. Although most of the results show that there is a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance, we also find that some studies show a positive one. This study used some Indonesian group of commodities data to find the relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance.While General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) was used to calculate exchange rate volatility, this study used Pesharan & Shin ARDL cointegration test in order to find long run relationship between export performance and exchange rate volatility. Only 2 out of 7 equations tested show a long run relationship between exchange rate volatility an export performance and the signs are positive."

"One of some problematic issues of identification of the efiectiveness of the monetary policy is the question on whether the monetary policy mechanism transmissions can perform fully in transmitting the changes of monetary policies into the national and regional level of economy. On earlier studies, Muelgini (2004) relatively compares the eflectiveness of monetary policies of the five mechanism transmission channels at the national level of the economy employing impulse response fiznction.The results show that prior to the economic crises in Indonesia credit channel is not eflective, and for after crises periods interest rates, credit, and asset price channels are becoming relatively important. Utilizing similar methodology, Laksono (2005) finds that the eflectiveness of monetary mechanism varies among regions. This research analyzes the findings of both Muelgini ?s and Laksono's employing dijfkrent methodology to evaluate the channels through which monetary policies are transmitted."

"Pertanahan adalah masalah vital, landasan fisik kehidupan manusia, dari dulu hingga sekarang, dan sampai masa mendatang. Seiring dengan proses perkembangan masyarakat, maka terjadi transformasi struktural dalam perekonomian yaitu dari sektor pertanian mengarah kepada sektor industri (industrialisasi) yang tentunya membawa perubahan dalam komposisi kebutuhan tanah dari tanah pertanian beralih ke tanah industri dan pemukiman. Industrialisasi telah pula membawa perubahan besar dalam pola permukiman manusia; dari yang menyebar atau terpusat kecil-kecil mengikuti penyebaran pertanian berubah menjadi yang memusat dalam kota-kota, dari kota kecil hingga kota besar, dikenal dengan gejala urbanisasi. Dan secara bersama-sama akan terbentuk suatu sistem kota yang memiliki hirarki, di mana pusat-pusat kegiatan besar berada dalam kota metropolitan (Dj. A. Simarmata: 1997)."

"There are several factors influencing the financial system stability, namely the internal and the external factors. The occurrence of stock price volatility internationally, the contagion effects and the spillover effects are some external factors that have effect on the financial system stability. This research aims to know the dynamic relationship of regional and global stocks market in international financial system, and then do the analysis of the occurrence of contagion effects and spillover effects on stock price, and see their influence on domestic economics, monetary policy and financial system stability, by GARCH-VAR model.The results of this research indicate that there are some domination of the mature financial market to regional and domestic market. Moreover, the nearby regional stock price index also have a big contribution to the movement of other regional stock price market. The impact of stock price volatility to the IDR exchange rates volatility is relatively small, but not to the price level which is significantly large. Data analysis shows that there is contagion effects in stock market, but the spillover effect from stock price volatility to exchange rates volatility does not occur."