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"Jalan Menikung is one of the unique literary works. The uniqueness is reflectedin both the cultural background and the elements of culture. This indicates that the authorhas rich experiences in culture. The cultural values in this literary work do not only belongto the ethnic culture in Indonesia, but also to other cultures. Jalan Menikung is influencedby the authors experiences which he absorbed from other cultures, when he made a tour tosome places in the world. The crux of the problem in this literary work is concerned withJavanese people and their culture, which is influenced by modern culture, especially American,Japanese,Chinese, and Minangkabau."

"This article is a literary analysis on Aleksandra Mikhailovna Kollontai? Vasilisa Maligina (1923) by using a feminist approach. Issues on masculinity are the focus of the analysis. The main argument of this article is that through the main character of this story - Vasilisa Maligina - Kollontai tried to expose the new image of Russian women by reconstructing the concept of Russian traditional masculinity in Russian society under former Uni Soviet communist government based on patriarchal culture."

"Walaupun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manfaat koreksi kesalahan padatulisan siswa bertentangan satu dengan yang lain, pengajar bahasa tidak dapatberhenti mengoreksi kesalahan-keslahan karena siswa sendiri menginginkanpengajar mengoreksi kesalahan-kesalahan mereka (Walz 1982). Masalahnyaadalah harapan siswa kerap kali berbeda dengan keyakinan pengajar tentangkoreksi kesalahan (Diab 2006). Kajian ini ingin mengetahui keinginan paramahasiswa dan pengajar di Universitas di Indonesia tentang koreksi kesalahantulisan mahasiswa. Sebuah kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan kuesioneryang digunakan Leki (1991) dan kuesioner yang digunakan Diab (2006)digunakan untuk mengetahui keinginan pengajar dan mahasiswa tentangteknik koreksi dan keyakinan mereka tentang koreksi kesalahan tulisan yangeffektif. Kuesioner ini dibagikan kepada mahasiswa dan pengajar di Indonesia.Jawaban pengajar dibandingkan dengan jawaban mahasiswa. Bila pengajar danmahasiswa memahami tujuan dari teknik koreksi kesalahan tertentu dan setujudengan penggunaannya, koreksi kesalahan diyakini akan sangat bermanfaat.Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, beberapa implikasi bagi pengajaran bahasa di kelasdibahas."

"This paper examines with a particular affixe (keter-/-an) consisting in two primaryaffixes. Through the analyse of terms coined by the Pusat Bahasa and spontaneousterms, the paper distinguishes between ?double? and ?complex? affixation,corresponding to different operating modes of affixation. The first deals withan already affixed and lexicalized word, then reaffixed and relexicalized. Thesecond, almost only found in documents produced by the Pusat Bahasa, refersto a base getting a first affix in a poorly (or not) lexicalized form, constitutingno more than a morphological stage towards the wished form, which is intentas lexicalized. Complex affix keter-R-an is basically a morphological calque andthe author argues that it has been promoted and used during New Order on anideological basis, as a mean to modernize Indonesian terminology by keepingits shape indigenous rather than by direct borrowing of English terms."

"This paper examines with a particular affixe (keter-/-an) consisting in two primaryaffixes. Through the analyse of terms coined by the Pusat Bahasa and spontaneousterms, the paper distinguishes between ?double? and ?complex? affixation,corresponding to different operating modes of affixation. The first deals withan already affixed and lexicalized word, then reaffixed and relexicalized. Thesecond, almost only found in documents produced by the Pusat Bahasa, refersto a base getting a first affix in a poorly (or not) lexicalized form, constitutingno more than a morphological stage towards the wished form, which is intentas lexicalized. Complex affix keter-R-an is basically a morphological calque andthe author argues that it has been promoted and used during New Order on anideological basis, as a mean to modernize Indonesian terminology by keepingits shape indigenous rather than by direct borrowing of English terms."

"ABSTRAKBudaya merantau dalam kesusastraan Indonesia merupakan salah satu tema yang muncul sejak tahun 1920-an. Hamka pada tahun 1939 menulis Merantau ke Deli yang menentang pandangan adat Minangkabau yang menganggap seorang laki-laki tidak ada harganya jika menikah dengan perempuan yang bukan berasal dari Minangkabau. Pada tahun 2013, muncul kumpulan cerpen Yang Menunggu dengan Payung, di antaranya berbicara tentang merantau. Dalam konteks masyarakat Minangkabau, selain merantau dianggap sebagai adat, merantau juga menimbulkan persoalan-persoalan. Penelitian ini membahas budaya merantau pada masyarakat Minangkabau yang terdapat di dalam cerpen ldquo;Tabung Cahaya rdquo;, ldquo;Bida dari Bukit Barisan rdquo;, dan ldquo;Bini Perantau rdquo; karya Zelfeni Wimra. Jadi, kajian dari ketiga cerpen tersebut diperoleh simpulan bahwa merantau tidak selalu menjadi jalan keluar yang tepat ketika sebuah keluarga menghadapi masalah ekonomi. Ternyata merantau tidak selalu didorong oleh motif ekonomi. Adapun motif lain yaitu karena kekecewaan atas perubahan desanya dan motif tekanan sosial.Budaya merantau dalam kesusastraan Indonesia merupakan salah satu tema yang muncul sejak tahun 1920-an. Hamka pada tahun 1939 menulis Merantau ke Deli yang menentang pandangan adat Minangkabau yang menganggap seorang laki-laki tidak ada harganya jika menikah dengan perempuan yang bukan berasal dari Minangkabau. Pada tahun 2013, muncul kumpulan cerpen Yang Menunggu dengan Payung, di antaranya berbicara tentang merantau. Dalam konteks masyarakat Minangkabau, selain merantau dianggap sebagai adat, merantau juga menimbulkan persoalan-persoalan. Penelitian ini membahas budaya merantau pada masyarakat Minangkabau yang terdapat di dalam cerpen ldquo;Tabung Cahaya rdquo;, ldquo;Bida dari Bukit Barisan rdquo;, dan ldquo;Bini Perantau rdquo; karya Zelfeni Wimra. Jadi, kajian dari ketiga cerpen tersebut diperoleh simpulan bahwa merantau tidak selalu menjadi jalan keluar yang tepat ketika sebuah keluarga menghadapi masalah ekonomi. Ternyata merantau tidak selalu didorong oleh motif ekonomi. Adapun motif lain yaitu karena kekecewaan atas perubahan desanya dan motif tekanan sosial.

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ABSTRACTThe culture of wandering in Indonesian literature is one of the themes that emerged during the 1920s. Hamka in the 1939 wrote Merantau ke Deli against the Minangkabau tradition view that regarded a man as worthless if married to a woman who was not from Minangkabau. In 2013, there appears a collection of short stories that Yang Menunggu dengan Payung among them talking about wandering. In the context of Minangkabau society, in addition, to wander considered customary, wander also cause problems. This research discusses the culture of wandering in Minangkabau society contained in short stories of ldquo Tabung Cahaya rdquo , ldquo Bida dari Bukit Barisan rdquo , and ldquo Bini Perantau rdquo by Zelfeni Wimra. So, the study of these three short stories obtained the conclusion that wanderers are not always the right way out when a family faces an economic problem. Apparently, wanderers are not always driven by economic motives. The other motives are due to disappointment over the change of village and the motive of economic pressure."

"On the basis of the theoretical notions of discursive ambience and ambientdiscourse, this article examines the recent history of language and ethnicity inBanyuwangi in the far east of Java. Over the last three decades (with roots goingback to the 1920s and earlier) a redefinition of the language and culture of the?autochthonous? inhabitants of Banyuwangi has been occurring. Their status andconstitution have been changing from a variety of Javanese into an autonomouslanguage and ethnicity, called, after the name given to the language or dialect,Osing. At the same time, an idyllic and heroic picture of the regional past isbeing constructed and maintained. Prominent among the factors and agenciesinvolved in these two ongoing processes is popular media culture. The regencyof Banyuwangi and especially its capital (also named Banyuwangi) are beingcast ? albeit sporadically and incidentally and sometimes controversially ? asan Osing region. At the centre of this historical process, people publicly renderthemselves ? also sporadically and temporarily ? Banyuwanginese by listeningto and especially by singing, in karaoke-style, a genre of pop music with Osinglyrics and musical characteristics perceived as local."

"This article deals with traditional literature of the Pakpak-Dairi and Karo peoples in North Sumatra, who are speakers of closely related Batak languages and have many common features in their language and culture. Their traditional life-style, based on agriculture and the use of forest products, requires the regular performance of community rituals featuring songs, dance, music and other oral traditions including storytelling. The songs, prayers, and stories belonging to their literary tradition have characteristic features that are intimately connected with the social context in which they are created and performed. Karo and Pakpak-Dairi oral genres often contain information about the natural environment, local customs and religious concepts. They may also reflect perceptions of relationships with neighbouring groups, such as the Minangkabau and the Malays who live in the coastal areas."