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"This paper discusses about speech levels in Sasak, the language of the indigeniouspeople of the island of Lombok, examining the style, meaning and some historical backgroundof the speech levels. Based on the data, it shows that Sasak, like Javanese and Balinese, alsocontains low, mid, high and few honorific vocabularies which are assumed to have beenborrowed from Javanese (Steven, 1975; Nothofer, 1975). However, the use of the high andhonorific variations are scarecly heard in the everyday common Sasaks conversation. In mostoccurrences, the high speech level is pronounced only among the so called menak Sasaks andits surrounding. Therefore, it rejects the idea that Sasak speech levels is as elaborate andcomplex as Javanese due to the fact that Sasak has only a few high and honorific vocabulariesknown by the Sasak aristocracy."

"Teaching Indonesian for Foreign Learners or Indonesian as a Foreign Language (IFL) is different from teaching Indonesian as a first language. The differences are due to the characteristics of the learners. IFL learners generally are adults who have language and cultural background and learning style different from those Indonesian learners have. These differences demand IFL teachers and instructors to prepare teaching-learning materials and the activities of the teaching-learning process in the classroom that are relevant to the learners? needs. Understanding the entry level behavior of the learners, the teaching materials, the teaching-learning approach, and the evalution process is of crucial importance in order to fulfill their needs. Learning needs analysis of IFL learners is also a prerequisite to developing adequate teaching-learning materials of IFL."

"This study discusses the relationship between indirect speech act and politeness in directive speech act. To get the data, questioners with personal indormastion of respondents and nine directive speech acts which must be assessed by these Indonesian speakers in Jakarta are employed. The analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between the indiirectness of a dierctive speech act and the degree of politeness. The more indirect a directive speech act, the more polite it is. Neverthless, the correlation is not absolute. There are other parameters that determine the degree of politeness such as intonation, choice of words, and cultural values of the speakers."

"This paper examines with a particular affixe (keter-/-an) consisting in two primaryaffixes. Through the analyse of terms coined by the Pusat Bahasa and spontaneousterms, the paper distinguishes between ?double? and ?complex? affixation,corresponding to different operating modes of affixation. The first deals withan already affixed and lexicalized word, then reaffixed and relexicalized. Thesecond, almost only found in documents produced by the Pusat Bahasa, refersto a base getting a first affix in a poorly (or not) lexicalized form, constitutingno more than a morphological stage towards the wished form, which is intentas lexicalized. Complex affix keter-R-an is basically a morphological calque andthe author argues that it has been promoted and used during New Order on anideological basis, as a mean to modernize Indonesian terminology by keepingits shape indigenous rather than by direct borrowing of English terms."

"This paper examines with a particular affixe (keter-/-an) consisting in two primaryaffixes. Through the analyse of terms coined by the Pusat Bahasa and spontaneousterms, the paper distinguishes between ?double? and ?complex? affixation,corresponding to different operating modes of affixation. The first deals withan already affixed and lexicalized word, then reaffixed and relexicalized. Thesecond, almost only found in documents produced by the Pusat Bahasa, refersto a base getting a first affix in a poorly (or not) lexicalized form, constitutingno more than a morphological stage towards the wished form, which is intentas lexicalized. Complex affix keter-R-an is basically a morphological calque andthe author argues that it has been promoted and used during New Order on anideological basis, as a mean to modernize Indonesian terminology by keepingits shape indigenous rather than by direct borrowing of English terms."

"This correlational study is to show the role of deductive and inductive reasoningabilities as aspects of cognitive development on expository text comprehensionamong high school students who already have a capacity to think in conceptualand hyphotetical ways and to examine how they correlate and influence the textcomprehension process. This study has broaden our knowledge of languageand thinking, as it is different from other previous studies that focused oncomprehension process among elementary students, narrative, readingstrategies, and comprehension difficulties. It is found that deductive reasoningis more significantly correlated to expository text comprehension than inductivereasoning. There is other significant differences between natural sciences and socialsciences students in expository text comprehension and deductive reasoning,where the average scores of the natural sciences students on both variables arehigher than those of social sciences students. It shows that the ability to analisesyntesise,to relate some basic elements of a text, and to draw a conclusion ormain idea of the text support the process of expository text comprehension,and can be taught and developed by learning process. Meanwhile, inductivereasoning ability is significantly different between male and female students,and it does not correlate to expository text comprehension."

"Documentary maker Vincent Monnikendam compiled the film Mother Dao, the turtlelike (1995) from more than 200 titles of archived films of the Dutch-Indies, shot between 1912 to ca. 1933. This film is neither a remake nor an edited version, but a kind of collage from those hundreds of archival films, all were silent. Monnikendam re-arranged the images and provided them with a new sound frame, consisting of songs, chantings and poems, in Indonesian, Old Javanese, and Sundanese. This new composition is not just creative but also quite provocative. With this arrangement the cineast wanted to show that there was something not quite right with colonialism. Through the new composition of images and the sound framing we can observe the power relation between the colonizer and the colonized. There are contrasts between the colonial and the colonized, literally as well as metaphorically. These contrasts raised some questions about the colonial discourse."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai pemikiran Roman Jacobson dalam ilmu linguistik.Kehadiran Roman Jacobson dalam upaya menjembatani kesenjangan antara linguistik strukturanAmerika dan Eropa sangat berarti, dengan pemikiran yang dipelopori olehnya mengenailinguistik fungsional. Gagasan Jacobson merupakan pengembanan dari pemikiran-pemikiranaliran Praha. Selain fungsi linguistic sebagai ciri khas sekolah praha, ia juga menyoroti fugsifungsi unsur dan fungsi fungsi aktifitas linguistik itu sendiri.

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ABSTRACTThis study describes the thinking of Roman Jacobson in linguistics. The presence of RomanJacobson in an effort to bridge the gap between the linguistic structure of America and Europeis very meaningful, with thoughts pioneered by him regarding functional linguistics. Jacobsonsidea was the development of the ideas of the Prague school. In addition to the linguistic functionas an example of praha school, he also highlighted the function of elemental functions andfunctions of the linguistic activity itself."