Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Kemajuan teknologi dan ekonomi akhir-akhir ini memberikan dampak perubahan pola hidup yang menyebabkan pergeseran pola penyakit. Terlihat pada peningkatan penyakit kardiovaskular pada kelompok eksekutif usia produktif. Hiperkolesterolemia adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan timbulanya aterosklerosis. Asupan gizi terkait erat dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara asupan gizi serta pola makan dengan hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif di Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah kelompok eksekutif Indonesia dewasa berusia 25 _ 60 tahun. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 280 responden berusia 25 _ 60 tahun yang merupakan kelompok eksekutif dari beberapa perusahaan yang ada di sekitar Jakarta. Kadar low density lipoprotein (LDL) kolesterol diperiksa dengan mengumpulkan sampel darah puasa. Asupan gizi dinilai dengan metode 24 hour recall dan pola makan dinilai dengan metode food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif 46,1%. Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia ini lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada laki-laki (50,9%) dibandingkan pada perempuan(29,7%). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia cenderung lebih tinggi pada kalangan eksekutif yang berumur di atas 40 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi dan berpenghasilan tinggi. Asupan gizi, khususnya protein hewani serta frekuensi mengonsumsi sapi, memiliki hubungan dengan prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia. Asupan protein nabati, kekerapan mengonsumsi tempe, asupan serat serta kekerapan mengonsumsi sayur dan buah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai makanan yang protektif atau dapat menurunkan kadar LDL kolesterol dalam darah.

---

Technology and economical development recently poses impact toward changes of lifestyle which cause shifted of the disease pattern. The escalating of cardiovascular appears to be more common among executive productive age group. Hypercholesterolemia is the only risk factor that by itself can cause atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia might be influenced by nutrient intake. The objective of this study is to know the relationship of between nutrient intake as well as food pattern and hypercholesterolemia among executive group surrounding Jakarta. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) content was assessed by collecting fasting blood samples. 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted to assess nutrient intake. Prevalence hypercholesterolemia was 46.1% among this excecutive group.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was significant higher among men (50.6%) compared to women (29.7%).Hypercholesterolemia prevalence tend to be higher among those who were over 40 years old, had higher education and had higher income. There was a relationship between nutrient intake especially animal protein intake as well as more frequent consuming beef with the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Non-animal protein intake, more frequent consuming tempe, fibre intake as well as more frequent consuming fruit and vegetable might be considered as protective food toward lowering effect of the LDL plasma cholesterol level."

"Kabupaten Jember masih menghadapi masalah gizi gangguan akibat kekurangan iodium (GAKI), sebagian besar kecamatannya termasuk dalam kategori daerah endemik GAKI. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah faktor goitrogenik sianida yang mengganggu pembentukan hormon tiroid. Keberadaannya pada beberapa sayuran yang biasa dikonsumsi masyarakat menyebabkan diperlukannya pola konsumsi dan proses pengolahan yang baik agar aman dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengubah pola konsumsi goitrogenik sianida dan cara pengolahannya melalui penyuluhan gizi dan demonstrasi cara pengolahan pangan sumber goitrogenik sianida yang benar. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian kuasi eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 196 ibu rumah tangga, terdiri dari 98 orang di setiap kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan konsumsi bahan mentah sumber goitrogenik sebesar 25,98 gram. Namun, tidak terjadi peningkatan konsumsi sianida, justru menurun sebesar 9,09 miligram pada kelompok perlakuan. Hal ini terjadi karena pemilihan cara pengolahan yang tepat sesuai materi intervensi, yaitu beralih ke kulub dan rebus berkuah. Namun penurunan ini tidak signifikan (p = 0,56). Materi tentang GAKI dan cara mereduksi kadar sianida pada bahan pangan sumber goitrogenik sianida bisa dijadikan materi penyuluhan dalam program pencegahan GAKI di Kabupaten Jember.

---

Jember still encounter the problem of nutrition iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), most of the district are included in the category of endemic areas. One reason is the cyanide goitrogenic factors that can interfere with the function of the thyroid hormone. Its presence in some commonly consumed vegetables society, causes the need for patterns of consumption and good processing in order to make it safe for consumption. Cyanide is a precursor thiocyanate which disrupt the formation of thyroid hormones through two pathways, active transport and interfere with the activity of thyroid peroxidase. This study aimed to change food pattern and way of processing goitrogenic cyanide food stuff through nutritional counseling and demonstration of food processing to reduce cyanide in goitrogenic food stuff. The research was a quasy-experimental study with pretest-posttest control design. The number of samples 196 housewives, consist of 98 people in the respective treatment groups and control. The study was conducted in the District Arjasa Jember between March and May 2013. The result showed presence of increased consumption of raw materials sources goitrogenic cyanide of 25.98 grams, was not followed by an increase in the consumption of cyanide, which has decreased by 9.09 miligram in the treatment group. This occurs because of the selection of appropriate food processing, switching to boil and blanching (kulub). However, this decrease was not significant (p = 0.56). The material on IDD and how to reduce levels of cyanide in the food source of cyanide can be used as material counseling in prevention programs IDD in Jember."

"Anemia gizi besi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat denganprevalensi pada anak 5 - 12 tahun sebesar 29% di Indonesia dan diKota Makassar sebesar 37,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuifaktor determinan (status kecacingan, status seng, kebiasaan sarapan pagi,pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme dan nonheme, pola konsumsisumber makanan pelancar dan penghambat zat besi) terhadap kejadiananemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang yang dilaksanakanpada bulan April ? Juni 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desainpotong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas 3 - 5 SD NegeriCambaya Kecamatan Ujung Tanah Kota Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 120siswa yang dipilih secara acak sederhana. Analisis data dilakukan secaraunivariat, bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor determinan kejadian anemiaadalah status kecacingan (nilai p = 0,007), kebiasaan sarapan pagi (nilai p= 0,002), pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (nilai p = 0,004), dan polakonsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (nilai p = 0,016). Hasilanalisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi makanan sumberheme (OR = 5,09 dan 95% CI = 1,98 ? 13,08) dan pola konsumsi sumbermakanan penghambat zat besi (OR = 4,53 dan 95% CI = 1,65 ? 12,43)adalah determinan utama kejadian anemia gizi.Iron deficiacy anemia has been a public health problem with prevalence on5 - 12 year old children worth 29% in Indonesia and 37.6% in Makassar.This study aimed to determine the determinant factors (worm status, zincstatus, breakfast habit, consumption pattern of heme and nonheme sourceof food, consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food) towardanemia incidence. The study used cross sectional design conducted in April- June 2014. The population was third to fifth grade students of CambayaState Elementary School at Ujung Tanah District , Makassar City. Sample of120 students were selected randomly. Data was analyzed using univariate,bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression test.The results showed that the determinant factors of anemia incidence werewormy status (p value = 0.007), breakfast habits (p value = 0.002), consumptionpattern of heme and non-heme source of food (p value = 0.004),and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor (p value = 0.016).Multivariate analysis result showed that consumption pattern of heme (OR= 5.09 and 95% CI = 1.98 - 13.08) and consumption pattern of iron enhancerand inhibitor food (OR = 4.53 and 95% CI = 1. 65 - 12.43) was a majordeterminant of nutritional anemia."

"Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda paralel ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan, bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi serat larut dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) selama 4 minggu terhadap kadar kolesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum pada obes I usia 30−50 tahun. Sejumlah 31 subyek dipilih dengan kriteria tertentu dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi blok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat serat larut psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari, sedangkan subyek KK mendapat plasebo dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari. Data terdiri atas usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan zat gizi, serta kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Pemeriksaan kolesterol LDL dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney, batas kemaknaan 5%. Karakteristik data dasar dan sebaran subyek kedua kelompok sebanding. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 28 subyek (KP dan KK masing-masing 14 subyek). Suplementasi ditoleransi baik dan tidak ditemukan efek samping serius. Median usia subyek KP dan KK berturut-turut 35,0 (30−45) tahun dan 34,50 (30−48) tahun serta rerata IMT 28,0 ± 1,1 kg/m2 dan 27,2 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL serum awal KP 137,0 ± 37,0 mg/dL dan KK 134,4 ± 29,1 mg/dL. Defisit energi KP lebih rendah tidak signifikan (p = 0,62) dibandingkan KK, berturut-turut -282,0 ± 482,6 kkal/hari dan -331,8 ± 578,3 kkal/hari. Persentase asupan energi terhadap anjuran KP (94,2 ± 18,5%) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) daripada KK (85,4 ± 22,9%). Asupan karbohidrat (KH) total KP (613,1 ± 134,5 kkal/hari) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) dibandingkan KK (545,4 ± 161,1 kkal/hari). Asupan protein, lemak total, dan kolesterol KP dan KK sesuai rekomendasi NCEP-ATP III. Pada kedua kelompok, asupan asam lemak jenuh cenderung tinggi, tetapi asupan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan jamak rendah. Asupan serat subyek KP 17,2 ± 2,8 g/hari dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari. Dengan suplementasi PH tidak tercapai rekomendasi asupan serat. Persentase asupan KH sederhana terhadap energi total KP 11,5±5,4% lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,00) dibandingkan KK 6,0 (1,2524,2)%. Penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL serum KP -2,1 ± 16,2 mg/dL lebih sedikit tidak signifikan (p = 0,15) dibandingkan pada KK -10,9 ± 15,3 mg/dL. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan suplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari selama 4 minggu lebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL serum dibandingkan plasebo pada subyek obes I.

---

This parallel double blind randomized clinical trial is a preliminary study that aims to investigate the effect of soluble fiber supplementation 8.4 g/day and lowcalorie balanced diet (LCBD) for 4 weeks on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level in obese I, aged 30−50 years old. A total of 31 subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomization; 15 subjects for treatment (T) group and 16 subjects for control (C) group, respectively. The T group received psyllium husk (PH) 8.4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day, and the C group received placebo and LCBD 1200 kcal/day. Data include age, body mass index (BMI), intake of energy, macronutrient, and fiber, as well as serum LDL cholesterol level. Serum LDL cholesterol level was examined before and after treatment. Statistical analyses include independent t-test and Mann-Whitney with significance level of 5%. Subjects characteristics of the two groups at baseline was not statistically different. Twenty eight subjects (14 subjects in each group) completed the intervention. Supplementation was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. The mean age in T and C group was 35.0 (30.0−45.0) and 34.5 (30.0−48.0) years, respectively, and BMI was 28.0 ± 1.1 and 27.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2, respectively. The pretreatment serum LDL cholesterol level in T and C group was 137.0 ± 37.0 and 134.4 ± 29.1 mg/dL, respectively. Energy deficit in T group was insignificantly lower (p = 0.62) than in C group; -282.0 ± 482.6 and -331.8 ± 578.3 kcal/day, respectively. Percentage of energy intake to recommendation in T group (94.2 ± 18.5%) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than that in C group (85.4 ± 22.9%). Total carbohydrate (CHO) intake in T group (613.1 ± 134.5 kcal/day) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than in C group (545.4 ± 161.1 kcal/day). Total protein, fat, and cholesterol intake were similar to the NCEP-ATP III recommendation in both groups. Intake of SAFA was higher than recommended, meanwhile PUFA and MUFA intake were lower than those recommended in both groups. Dietary fiber intake in T and C group was 17.2 ± 2.8 and 8.6 (5.2−15.2) g/day, respectively. During the intervention, PH supplementation did not meet the recommendation. Percentage of simple CHO to total energy in T group 11.5±5.4% was significantly higher (p = 0.00) than in C group 6.0 (1.2524.2)%. PH supplementation decreased serum LDL cholesterol level (-2.1 ± 16.2 mg/dL) lower than placebo (-10.9 ± 15.3 mg/dL), but not significant different (p = 0.15). This study shows that PH supplementation 8.4 g/day in combination with LCBD 1200 kcal/day for 4 weeks in obese I aged 30−50 years old is not proven to decrease the serum LDL cholesterol level."