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"The Karo people in North Sumatra (Indonesia) consider areas in the Karo regency and those in other regencies as part of Taneh Karo (the Karolands), despite the fact that these areas comprise different administrative territories. This paper focuses on how the idea of Taneh Karo is articulated in a special Karo myth. Scholarly research has discovered that the notion of Taneh Karo originated in pre-colonial times, but an analysis of a local myth which established the concept of Taneh Karo remains an interesting anthropological study. This study is significant as it endeavours to comprehend the traditional ways of life of the Karo people, and it is a crucial attempt to map out the inter-group relations in the Karo area, where the Acehnese, the Batak, and the Malay people take part. It is interesting to note that the myth of Karo has positioned the Karo community and land in a distinctive site within the network of inter-related groups. This is precisely the position which would determine the formation of the Karolands."

"Disertasi ini membahas mekanisme terwujudnya keragaman, dinamika dan kontinuitasperilaku berbagi dan tidak berbagi (shared dan unshared) pengetahuan antarsubjekdalam suatu komunitas yang bersifar situasional dari waktu ke waktu. Mekanismebelajar dan transmisi pengetahuan yang terlaksana melalui berbagi dan tidakberbagi, menjadi bagian dari dan berada dalam kegiatan keseharian para praktisidalam komunitasnya. Fenomena itu ditemukan dalam keseharian petani sayur Karo diBerastagi, Sumatera Utara.Pendekatan connectionism menjadi acuan dalam menjelaskan fenomena keragamanperilaku berbagi dan tidak berbagi pengetahuan, khususnya tentang pestisida. Hasilpenelitian menemukan tiga varian utama perilaku berbagi dan tidak berbagipengetahuan dengan tiga konsekuensi pada struktur ekstrapersonal subjek.Konsekuensi itu mempengaruhi terbentuknya skema pengetahuan subjek yang jugaberagam tergantung pada karakteristik setiap konsekuensi pada strukturekstrapersonal. Karakteristik konsekuensi perilaku berbagi dan tidak berbagipengetahuan itu ternyata menunjukkan keagensian pada pelaku dan juga liyan.Temuan disertasi ini memberikan kebaruan pada model penjelasan connectionismuntuk mengungkapkan mekanisme terwujudnya keragaman. Temuan disertasi ini jugamemperkuat fenomena keragaman agensi dan menambahkan temuan sebelumnyabahwa keragaman dan dinamika itu terwujud melalui mekanisme penyembunyianpengetahuan, konstruksi/seleksi relasi dan aliansi, serta kompetisi dan kepentinganragam subjek. Faktor kontekstual yang berkonstribusi pada terwujudnya keragamanitu terkait dengan kelangkaan sumber daya, serangan penyakit dan hama, tingginyafluktuasi harga, serta hawa atau cuaca. Sebagian dari faktor kontekstual ini terkaitdengan dimensi historis, serta kondisi risiko dan ketidakpastian yang sehari-haridihadapi petani. Pengetahuan-pengetahuan mengenai masalah-masalah itu lah yangsebagian dibagi dan bagian lainnya tidak dibagikan, terutama terkait dengan pestisida.Fenomena berbagi dan tidak berbagi pengetahuan menyebar menjadi perilaku bersamamewujudkan shared concealment atau shared secrecy, dan mewujudkan pelaku yangmemiliki kemampuan secretive agentic.This dissertation discusses the mechanism of the occurrence of diversity, dynamicsand continuity of shared and unshared knowledge among subjects in a community,which is situational over time. Learning mechanisms and knowledge transmissioncarried out through shared and unshared knowledge became part of and are in thedaily activities of practitioners in their communities. This phenomenon is found in thedaily life of the Karo vegetable farmers in Berastagi, North Sumatra.The connectionism approach becomes a reference in explaining the phenomenon ofdiversity in the shared and unshared knowledge behavior or practices, especially aboutpesticides. The study found three main variants of shared and unshared knowledgebehavior with three consequences on the subjects extrapersonal structure. Theseconsequences affect the formation of subject knowledge schemes which also varydepending on the characteristics of each consequence on the extrapersonal structure.The characteristics of the consequences of shared and unshared knowledge reveal thecapacity of agency within the Self and the Others. The findings of this dissertationgive a novelty to the connectionism explanation model to reveal the mechanisms ofdiversity knowledge production. The findings of this dissertation also reinforce thephenomenon of agency diversity, as well as the mechanisms for the emergence ofdiversity. Those diversity and dynamics are realized through the mechanisms ofconcealment of knowledge, construction/selection of relations and alliances, and thecompetition and interests of various subjects. Contextual factors that contribute to theoccurrence of diversity are related to scarcity of resources, disease and pestinterferences, high price fluctuations, and hawa or weather. Some of these contextualfactors are related to historical dimensions, as well as the daily conditions of risk anduncertainty faced by farmers. Knowledge about the problems is partly shared andother parts are unshared, especially related to pesticides. The phenomenon of sharedand unshared knowledge spreads into shared behavior, realizing shared concealmentor shared secrecy, and manifesting actors who have secretive agentic capabilities"