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"The number of different languages in Europe by far exceeds the number of countries. All European countries have national languages, and in nearly all of them there are minority languages as well, whereas all major languages have dialects. National borders rarely coincide with linguistic borders, but the latter (including dialect borders) mark by their nature also more or less distinct cultural areas. This paper presents a survey of the different language families represented in Europe: Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, and the four Caucasian language families, each with their sub-branches and individual languages. Some information is given on characteristic structural phenomena and on the status and history of these languages or language families and on some of their extinct predecessors. The paper ends with a short discussion on the language policy and practices of the institutions of the European Union. Europe lacks a language with the status and power comparable to Indonesian in Indonesia. The policy is therefore based on equal status of all national languages and on respect for all languages, including national minority ones. The practice, however, is unavoidably practical: ?the more languages, the more English?."

"Indonesia is a plural society that consists of several hundred ethnic and sub-ethnic groups. One of its generic characteristics is heterogeneity. In the last ten years after the implementation of regional autonomy, we have witnessed the emergence of strong ethnic and religiously flavoured local identity politics in various places in Indonesia that created open and vicious conflicts. This periodical violence exploded especially during the election of district and provincial heads. The intimate relation multiculturalism, with the actual political praxis of everyday life as an alternative to the existing paradigm of the ?homogenization? of nationhood, has not been discussed. I believe it is time to discuss the strategic junctures between heterogeneity, politics of ethnicity (and religion) and multiculturalism as well as their possible realization at the local and national levels in order to find a viable framework for a future Indonesia."

"Multicultural society as a way of being-with-others needs a certain form of public reasoning. Unfortunately, the current yet dominant form of public reasoning is infiltrated by biases from occidental culture. This mode of reasoning does nothing but uproot participants from their cultural identity for the sake of universal consensus. Multicultural society, however, consists of identities which are embedded in the individuals? cultural tradition. This sociological fact demands a richer form of rationality that does not deny the multiplicity of cultural values and embedded identities. We need a form of public reasoning which emphasizes cultural understanding rather than abstract consensus. We might call it a multicultural, contextualized and other-regarding form of public reason."

"This article contributes to the discussion on how inter-ethnic relations challenge cultural boundaries, in this case Minangkabau matrilineal-Islamic culture in Padang of West Sumatra, Indonesia. This paper will focus on how Minangkabau people establish relationship with other ethnic groups in Padang, a multi-ethnic city. The paper argues that matrilineal principles (descent and inheritance through the maternal line) and Islam are the defining aspects to be considered by Minangkabau people in maintaining relationship with other ethnic groups. Moreover, there is some interplay between the need to protect Minangkabau Islamic-matrilineal adat in maintaining inter-ethnic relations by Minangkabau people and their assimilation and exclusivity interests."

"This essay looks into the novels of two Indonesian women writers, Perempuan Kembang Jepun (Lan Fang 2009) and Dimsum terakhir (Clara Ng 2006), which depict the struggles of the major female characters in negotiating their ?hybrid? identities amidst the pulls from various opposing forces that try to impose and define their identities. Both works were published in the post-New Order Indonesia, where identity politics seems to dominate the political and cultural realms. Both Lan Fang and Clara Ng try to problematize the rigid and monolithic sense of cultural identity that had been inculcated by the previous regime through its aggressive assimilation policy and imposition of the state ideology of unity. The essay aims at examining different strategies employed by both authors in redefining identity through approaches that see identity as a fluid, non-essentialist, and on-going process rather than a given entity or label that can be simply inscribed on individuals."

"Multiculturalism in Indonesia is predominantly concerned with various regional cultures in the country, which continue to exist, and in some cases, to develop andprogress. These cultures meet and interact in the context of a unitary national, Indonesian culture. There are however people who or whose ancestors originate from outside Indonesia, the major ones being Chinese and Arabs. They brought with them the cultures and mores of their lands of origin and to varying degrees integrated them into those of the places they adopted as homes. This article discusses how the Chinese who opted for Indonesian citizenship and nationality, fared and fare in Indonesia?s multicultural society, what problems slowed themin their path, and what lies behind these problems."

"The Timor-Alor-Pantar (TAP) language family has a special place in South-EastAsian linguistics; its members make up the western extreme of the Papuanlanguage sphere. Along with an exhaustive bibliography of works on theTAP languages, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the ongoingdocumentation of the TAP language family in terms of both linguistic descriptionand (pre-)historical reconstruction. The paper concludes with a considerationof the prospects for future studies of the TAP languages."

"A recent survey reveals that customer satisfaction with the weather is at an all-time low. It's up to Wally, director of the Weather Consumer Satisfaction Bureau, to sort things out. In this witty fable, the root of the problem is a disagreement between old and new clouds."

"ABSTRAKEksistensi budaya masyarakat suatu wilayah bisa dilihat dari eksis tidaknyabahasa daerah masyarakat tersebut digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Namun, eksistensi bahasa daerah tersebut bisa saja hilang dan tergantikan denganbahasa lain karena adanya aturan agama yang mengikatnya, contohnya dalampenggunaan bahasa pengantar khutbah Jum'at. Penelitian mengenai wilayahpenggunaan bahasa pengantar khutbah Jum'at dimaksudkan untuk melihateksistensi suatu budaya di Kota Serang dengan bahasa pengantar khutbah Jum'atsebagai representasinya. Dengan metode wawancara dan observasi langsung dilapangan pada sampel di wilayah penelitian, penelitian ini menggunakan analisisdeskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan keruangan. Hasilnya didapat bahwa adaempat bahasa yang eksis digunakan sebagai bahasa pengantar khutbah Jum'at diwilayah penelitian yaitu bahasa Arab, bahasa Indonesia, gabungan bahasaIndonesia dan Bugis serta bahasa Sunda. Bahasa yang eksis digunakan sebagaibahasa pengantar khutbah Jum'at di Kota Serang adalah Bahasa Arab, BahasaIndonesia, Bahasa Bugis dicampur Bahasa Indonesia, dan Bahasa Sunda. Polakeruangannya pun terlihat dengan jelas di mana bagian tengah wilayah penelitianmerupakan dominasi penggunaan bahasa Indonesia, sedangkan dibagian Selatandan Utara wilayah penelitian merupakan dominasi bahasa Arab, namun dibagianUtara terdapat keunikan dengan adanya penggunaan bahasa Sunda serta gabunganbahasa Bugis dan Bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa pengantar khutbah Jum'at diwilayah penelitian. Wilayah penggunaan bahasa tersebut juga diikuti oleh wujudbudaya yang beraneka ragam.

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ABSTRACTThe existence of a society's culture can be seen from the existence and frequency

of its traditional languages used in daily life. However, the existence of traditional

languages can be subsided or substituted by other languages because of religious

rules that bind, as we can see in the use of languages during the Friday sermon.

This research about the region of the used of languages during Friday sermon in

Serang city is aimed to see and analyses the existence of a culture in the city of

Serang through the languages used in Friday sermon as a medium of its

representation. Interview and direct observation method to the samples were used

as data collection technique while spatial descriptive exploitative analysis was

used as the data analysis method. The languages used as the instructional language

in Friday sermon in Serang city are Arabic, Bahasa Indonesia, Sundanese, and

Bahasa Indonesia mixed with Bugis language. Arabic represents the indigenous

population of Javanese-Serang, while Bahasa Indonesia represents various

cultures of inbound migrants in Serang city. Sundanese and Bahasa Indonesia

mixed with Bugis Language represent the culture of indigenous population of non

Javanese-Serang. The spatial pattern was clearly visible that Bahasa Indonesia

was majorly used in the center region of the research area, while the Arabic was

dominantly used in the northern and southern region. Uniqueness noted here that

in the northern region, there was a prominent pattern of the use of Sundanese

mixed with Bugis language as the instructional language during the Friday

sermon. Territory the use of language was also followed by the manifestation of

diverse cultures."