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"Pasca krisis keuangan global tahun 2008 yang dipicu oleh subprime mortgage di Amerika Serikat, otoritas keuangan di berbagai negara semakin menyadari bahwa pengawasan dan pengaturan lembaga keuangan tidak cukup hanya melalui pendekatan mikroprudensial yang ditujukan untuk menjaga tingkat kesehatan individual lembaga keuangan, namun diperlukan pengawasan dan pengaturan makroprudensial dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan (Galati dan Moessner, 2014). Kebijakan makroprudensial ditujukan untuk membatasi risiko sistemik yang terjadi pada kondisi terjadinya financial distress yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi secara lebih luas (Borio, 2003). Salah satu instrumen kebijakan makroprudensial yang diterapkan oleh otoritas keuangan di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia adalah pembatasan rasio Loan to Value (LTV). Kebijakan yang bersifat countercyclical ini ditujukan untuk mengendalikan laju pertumbuhan kredit properti. Tesis ini membahas pengaruh pembatasan rasio LTV oleh Bank Indonesia terhadap pertumbuhan kredit properti perbankan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Igan dan Kang (2011) dan Christ Mc Donald (2015). Perbedaannya adalah model rujukan menggunakan data panel, sementara penelitian ini menggunakan data time series. Dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi berganda (ordinary least squares), hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan LTV yang bersifat mengetatkan pada saat pertumbuhan ekonomi sedang tinggi memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam menahan laju pertumbuhan kredit properti lima bulan setelah kebijakan tersebut diterbitkan. Sedangkan penerapan kebijakan LTV yang bersifat melonggarkan saat pertumbuhan ekonomi sedang melambat tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam mendorong laju pertumbuhan kredit properti.

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After the global financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, financial authorities in many countries realize that it is insufficient to only rely on microprudential aspects focusing on soundness of individual financial institutions. Supervising and regulating financial institutions also require macroprudential approach in keeping the stability of the financial system (Galati and Moessner, 2014). Macroprudential policy is intended to limit the risk of episodes of financial distress with significant losses in terms of the real output for the economy as a whole (Borio, 2003). One of macroprudential policy instruments implemented by many financial authorities including Bank Indonesia is limitation on Loan to Value ratio. This countercyclical policy is intended to control the mortgage loan growth. This thesis examines the impact of Loan to Value ratio (LTV) policy to mortgage loan growth in Indonesian banking industry by using Igan & Kang (2011) and Christ Mc Donald (2015) models. The difference is referenced models using panel data, meanwhile this study used time series data. By using multiple regression model (ordinary least squares), the study concludes that implementation of tight LTV policy during economic boom period has a significant impact on restraining mortgage loans growth five months after implementation of the policy. In contrary, loosening LTV policy during economic downturn is less significant in boosting the growth of mortgage loan."

"Pasca krisis keuangan global tahun 2008 yang dipicu oleh krisis sub-prime mortgage di Amerika Serikat, otoritas keuangan di berbagai negara semakin menyadari bahwa pengawasan dan pengaturan lembaga keuangan tidak cukup hanya melalui pendekatan mikroprudensial yang ditujukan untuk menjaga tingkat kesehatan individu lembaga keuangan, namun diperlukan pengawasan dan pengaturan makroprudensial dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan Galati dan Moessner, 2014 . Kebijakan makroprudensial ditujukan untuk membatasi risiko sistemik yang terjadi pada kondisi terjadinya financial distress yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi secara lebih luas Borio, 2003 . Salah satu instrumen kebijakan makroprudensial yang diterapkan oleh otoritas keuangan di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia adalah pembatasan rasio Loan to Value LTV . Kebijakan yang bersifat countercyclical ini ditujukan untuk mengendalikan laju pertumbuhan kredit properti. Tesis ini membahas pengaruh pembatasan rasio LTV oleh Bank Indonesia terhadap pertumbuhan kredit properti perbankan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Igan dan Kang 2011 dan Christ Mc Donald 2015 . Perbedaannya, model rujukan menggunakan data panel, sementara penelitian ini menggunakan data time series. Dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi berganda ordinary least squares , penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan LTV yang bersifat mengetatkan pada saat pertumbuhan ekonomi sedang tinggi memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam menahan laju pertumbuhan kredit properti lima bulan setelah kebijakan tersebut diterbitkan. Sedangkan penerapan kebijakan LTV yang bersifat melonggarkan saat pertumbuhan ekonomi sedang melambat tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam mendorong laju pertumbuhan kredt properti.

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After the global financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, financial authorities in many countries realize that it is insufficient to only rely on microprudential aspects focusing on soundness of individual financial institutions. Supervising and regulating financial institutions also require macroprudential approach in keeping the stability of the financial system Galati and Moessner, 2014 . Macroprudential policy is intended to limit the risk of episodes of financial distress with significant losses in terms of the real output for the economy as a whole Borio, 2003. One of macroprudential policy instruments implemented by many financial authorities including Bank Indonesia is limitation on Loan to Value ratio. This countercyclical policy is intended to control the mortgage loan growth. This thesis examines the impact of Loan to Value ratio LTV policy to mortgage loan growth in Indonesian banking industry by using Igan Kang 2011 and Christ Mc Donald 2015 models. The difference is referenced models using panel data, meanwhile this study used time series data. By using multiple regression model ordinary least squares , the study concludes that implementation of tight LTV policy during economic boom period has a significant impact on restraining mortgage loans growth five months after implementation of the policy. In contrary, loosening LTV policy during economic downturn is less significant in boosting the growth of mortgage loan."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak implementasi kebijakan makroprudensial Countercyclical Capital Buffer dan GWM LDR terhadap pertumbuhan kredit dan non performing loan di tingkat Industri maupun berdasarkan Kelompok BUKU modal inti perbankan Indonesia untuk periode 2006-2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Generalized Methods of Moments GMM untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan makroprudensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara bersama-sama kedua instrumen secara signifikan mampu mengendalikan pertumbuhan kredit perbankan dan menurunkan rasio non performing loan.

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The objective of this research is to determine the effect of macroprudential policy Countercyclical Capital Buffer and Reserve Requirement based on Loan to Deposit Ratio towards credit growth and non performing loan ratio in industrial level and based on BUKU group. This reserach use Generalized Methods of Moments GMM ro analyze macroprudential policy effect. The result shows that both of instrument have significant effect to control excessive credit growth and lower non performing loan ratio."

"[ABSTRAKKebijakan makroprudensial merupakan kebijakan yang dijalankan oleh Bank Indonesia untuk menanggulangi risiko sistemik pada sistem keuangan melalui instumennya antara lain Loan/Financing to value. Instrumen makroprudensial dimaksud sangat penting, khususnya untuk mencegah perilaku spekulasi pada sektor properti yang dapat menimbulkan krisis perekonomian. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan mengamanatkan koordinasi dan kerjasama antara otoritas makroprudensial (Bank Indonesia) dan otoritas mikroprudensial (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk pendalaman pengawasan makroprudensial, khususnya instrumen pengaturan Loan/Financing to Value di sektor properti dan kaitannya dengan pengawasan mikroprudensial perbankan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan serta dampaknya pada bank yang menyalurkan properti. Data dihimpun berdasarkan studi literatur dan peraturan terkait serta wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif interpretatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan dan pengawasan makropudensial yang merupakan kewenangan Bank Indonesia memiliki hubungan dan keterkaitan yang erat dengan pengaturan dan pengawasan mikroprudensial sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan serta karena memiliki area pengawasan yang sama yaitu perbankan. Selain itu, pengaturan susunan, kedudukan, kewenangan, tanggung jawab dan independensi Bank Indonesia, termasuk kewenangan pengaturan dan pengawasan makroprudensial haruslah dipandang bahwa pengaturan tersebut diatur sendiri dalam Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia. Ketentuan pembatasan pemberian kredit properti melalui instrumen ketentuan Loan/Financing to Value efektif untuk meredam meningkatnya penyaluran kredit/pembiayaan properti oleh bank, meskipun terdapat hal-hal yang perlu diwaspadai. Penelitian ini memberikan saran agar Forum Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan mampu memperkuat dan menjembatani Forum Koordinasi antara Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan mengamandemen Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia untuk memasukan pengaturan dan pengawasan makroporudensial pada Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTMacroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.;Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector?s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision., Macroprudential policy is a policy that is implemented by Bank Indonesia to address systemic risk in the financial system through it instruments, for example Loan/Financing to Value instrument. Macroprudential, Loan/Financing to Value, is very important, especially to prevent speculation in the property sector’s behavior that can lead to economic crisis. Undang-Undang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan have mandating coordination and cooperation between macroprudential authority (Bank Indonesia) and microprudential Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). The result of this research is to deepening macroprudential supervision, in particularly regulation of Loan / Financing to Value in the property sector which is relating to banking microprudential supervision by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and its impact to banks that are distributing housing/property loan/financing. The data were collected by means of by deep interview as well as by studying the literature and related regulations. The research is a descriptive qualitative interpretative. The result of this research concludes that the macropudential regulation and supervision, under the authority of Bank Indonesia, has a relationship and aligned with the regulation and supervision in accordance with the mandate of microprudential (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) as well as having the same area, namely banking supervision. In addition, the setting of the structure, status, authority, responsibility and independency of Bank Indonesia, including macroprudential regulation and supervision authority must be seen that are arranged in the Bank Indonesia law. The restriction of property lending facility through the regulation of instruments Loan / Financing to Value is effective to reduce the rise banking property loan/financing, although there are some issues that need to be aware. The research provides suggestions that Financial Stability Forum is able to strengthening and bridging effective coordination forum between Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. In addition, to amend the Bank Indonesia law to include the macroprudential regulation and supervision.]"

"Prinsip Kehati-hatian Perbankan merupakan aspek penting yang perlu diterapkan di Perbankan Indonesia untuk menjaga stabilitas dan kesinambungan kegiatan perbankan. Prinsip Kehati- hatian Perbankan melibatkan pendekatan proaktif dalam mengelola risiko pinjaman dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengukur dan mengendalikan risiko yang terkait dengan pinjaman. Dalam rangka mencegah terjadinya kredit bermasalah, bank melakukan proses analisis risiko kredit secara cermat, menerapkan kebijakan kredit yang ketat, dan melakukan pemantauan kondisi debitur secara berkala. Dengan manajemen risiko yang efektif, bank dapat meminimalkan risiko kredit bermasalah, menjaga kesehatan keuangan, serta menjaga kepercayaan nasabah dan stabilitas sistem perbankan secara keseluruhan. Penulis akan melakukan penelitian yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian Perbankan sebagai cara untuk mencegah kredit macet. Skripsi ini merupakan Penelitian Hukum Doktrin karena menitikberatkan pada Analisis Deskriptif. Dengan menelaah penerapan kebijakan yang ketat dan manajemen risiko yang komprehensif, Penulis berharap skripsi ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih mendalam untuk pengembangan dan penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian dalam mencegah terjadinya kredit bermasalah.

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The Prudent Banking Principle is a crucial aspect that needs to be implemented in Indonesian Banks for maintaining the stability and sustainability of banking activities. The Prudent Banking Principle involves a proactive approach in managing loan risk with the aim of identifying, measuring and controlling the risks associated with loan. In the context of preventing the occurrence of non-performing loan, banks carry out a process of careful loan risk analysis, apply strict loan policies, and conduct regular monitoring of debtor’s conditions. With effective risk management, banks can minimize the risk of non-performing loan, maintain financial health, and maintain customer confidence and stability of the banking system as a whole. The Author will conduct a rLoan servicing esearch specifically aimed towards the implementation of the Prudent Banking Principle as a way to prevent non-performing loan. This Thesis is Doctrinal Legal Research as it emphasis on a Descriptive Analysis. By analyzing the implementation of strict policies and comprehensive risk management, the Author hopes that this thesis will be able to provide deeper insight for the development and implementation of Prudent Banking Principle in preventing the occurrence of non-performing loan."

"PSAK No. 71 merupakan konvergensi dari IFRS 9 yang akan berlaku efektif pada tanggal 1 Januari 2020 di mana implementasi dini diperkenankan. Kompleksitas standar ini menyebabkan sebagian besar belum melakukan tahap penilaian dampak sesuai roadmap OJK. Perubahan standar ini mengakibatkan kontroversi yang tercermin adanya penolakan berlakunya IFRS seperti di Perancis karena tekanan dari unsur politik yang mempertimbangkan volatilitas dari neraca dan juga laporan keuangan yang dihasilkan dapat berdampak negatif bagi stakeholder seperti penurunan ekuitas (Ball, 2006) serta adanya pengaduan pelanggaran yang dilakukan pembuat ketentuan IFRS 9 yaitu melakukan perubahan tanpa proses yang tepat (Bouvier, 2017). Di Indonesia, IFRS 9 telah diadopsi menjadi PSAK No. 71, oleh karena itu problematika yang terjadi di negara-negara lainnya diprediksi akan terjadi juga di Indonesia. Namun dalam kenyataan nya terdapat Bank yang telah mengimplementasikan secara dini PSAK No. 71 (early adopters). Studi ini menggunakan studi kasus sebagai strategi penelitian di mana analisis konten, tematik dan analisa perbandingan konstan diaplikasikan guna menganalisa instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa early adopters adalah Bank dengan jenis kepemilikan pemerintah, asing dan campuran. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa motif untuk mengambil keputusan baik untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan implementasi PSAK No. 71 secara dini didominasi oleh kondisi isomorphism yang muncul (normative isomorphism) karena adanya tekanan atau tuntutan dari profesional yang dinilai benar mengingat ketentuan belum berlaku efektif dan tidak ada paksaan untuk mengikuti perusahaan induk. Tidak dapat dikesampingkan motif karena alasan tekanan meniru (mimetic isomorphism) juga terjadi namun demikian dapat dipastikan bahwa tekanan paksaan (coercive isomorphism) tidak terjadi. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan (heteregoneity) perilaku para aktor dan institusi pada masing-masing bank umum yang dipengaruhi oleh multiple logics yaitu ketentuan (regulatory logics) dan keuntungan (banking logics). Hal tersebut dilakukan para aktor untuk menjaga keseimbangan kedua logika tersebut dengan menggabungkan keduanya serta melihat faktor eksternal dan internal institusi. Normatif; Logika Regulator; Logika Perbankan.

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PSAK No. 71 convergence of IFRS 9 which will become effective on January 1, 2020, where early implementation is permitted. The complexity of this standard has caused several Banks not to carry out the impact assessment stage according to the OJK roadmap. Changes in accounting standards have caused controversy, which is reflected in the refusal of IFRS to take effect in France because the pressure from political elements that consider the volatility of the balance sheet and have negative impacts on stakeholders such as decreasing equity (Ball, 2006)and there is accusation violation committed by the rule makers without going through the right process in making IFRS 9 (Bouvier, 2017). Considering IFRS 9 was adopted as PSAK No. 71, it is suspected that this can be a problem in Indonesia. However, there were Banks that had implemented before PSAK No. 71 effective (early adopters). This study applies a case study as its research strategy were content, thematic, and constant comparative analyses were used in analysing data collected from questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. This study found that several early adopters are Banks that are owned by the government (state owned banks), foreign, and joint venture banks. Besides, this study found that the motive in making the decisions to adopt / not to adopt  PSAK No. 71 is dominated by normative isomorphism as the pressures or demands being professional and considered right in the business dominate the motives and there were  no mandatory requirements imposed by the parent company to adopt PSAK 71 at this stage. There is a motive that cant be excluded out due to mimetic isomorphism as the pressure to follow their peer group and also it can be ascertained that coercive isomorphism does not occur. This study also found that there are differences (heteregoneity) in the behavior of the actors and institutions in each of the commercial bank that were influenced by multiple logics (i.e., rules as regulatory logics, and profit being the banking logics). This is done so by the actors to maintain both logics by combining the two and looking at the external and internal factors of the institution."

"Kebijakan makroprudensial semakin dikenal sejak krisis keuangan global tahun 2008 dimana pada saat krisis global menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moneter dan kebijakan mikroprudensial tidak cukup mampu untuk menjaga stabilitas keuangan. Kebijakan makroprudensial merupakan kebijakan yang bersifar “countercyclical” yaitu dapat mengurangi over optimisime pada “boom” dengan mengerem ekspansi yang berlebihan dan mengurangi over pesimisme pada saat “bust” untuk mengurangi kontraksi kredit. Salah satu risiko dalam sistem keuangan adalah peningkatan harga perumahan di pasar properti. Salah satu kebijakan makroprudensial untuk menghadapi risiko di sektor properti adalah kebijakan Loan to Value (LTV). Bank Indonesia telah menerbitkan pelonggaran kebijakan LTV sejak tahun 2015 sampai dengan Desember 2023 bagi bank yang memenuhi persyaratan rasio kredit bermasalah tertentu. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan data triwulanan individual bank tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa pelonggaran kebijakan LTV di Indonesia berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan kredit properti dengan lag waktu 2 (dua) triwulan setelah kebijakan diimplementasikan. Namun demikian, apabila dilakukan analisa pengaruh kebijakan pelonggaran LTV di setiap pulau, kebijakan hanya berpengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap pertumbuhan kredit properti di Pulau Jawa.

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Macroprudential policy has become more popular since the global financial crisis in 2008. It confirmed that monetary policy and microprudential policy alone were insufficient in maintaining financial stability. Macroprudential policy is a countercyclical policy that aims to reduce over-optimism during economic booms by curbing excessive expansion and mitigating over-pessimism during busts to ease credit contractions. One of the risks in the financial system is the bubble of housing prices in the property market. Therefore, macroprudential policy such as Loan to Value (LTV) aims to mitigate risks in the property sector. Bank Indonesia has issued the relaxation of LTV policy in Indonesia since June 2015 to December 2023. Research findings using individual bank quarterly data indicate that the relaxation of LTV policy in Indonesia has a positive impact on property credit growth with a lag time of two quarters after the policy implementation. However, when analyzing on a regional basis, the relaxation of LTV policy only has a positive and significant impact on credit property growth in Java."

"Latar belakang penulisan tesis ini adalah tingginya tingkat hutang Iuar negeri Indonesia yang ternyata tidak dibarengi dengan pengelolaan yang efisien dan efektif. Salah satu penyebab pengelolaan yang kurang efisien tersebut adaiah terjadinya low disbursement yang berakibat pada besarnya dana APBN yang digunakan untuk pembayaran kembali rnelebihi perkiraan pembayaran semula.Penelitian difokuskan pada kasus Loan IBRD 4290-IND dan Loan IDB IND-0063/64 yang bertujuan untuk:1. Mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab low disbursement sekaligus membandingkan kedua lender beserta cara penarikannya untuk mencari mama yang lebih menguntungkan;2. Memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan terkait dengan masalah low disbursement.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam rangka memperoleh gambaran masalah penyerapan dana pinjaman Iuar negeri dari berbagai sudut pandang, balk dari karakteristik proyek maupun dari indikator lain. Penelusuran dokumen proyek yang dibiayai pinjaman Iuar negeri dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor apa yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya low disbursement tersebut.Indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur low disbursement adalah : Progress Varian, yaitu selisih persentase waktu terpakai dan persentase penyerapan kumulatif; backlog, yaitu besarnya dana terpakai yang belum diisi kembali (replenished) oleh pihak lender; dan realisasi disbursement terhadap target disbursement pada tahun anggaran berjalan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor rendahnya daya serap penarikan dana PLN adalah sebagai berikut:1. Kekurangsiapan proyek dalam desain dan manajemen proyek;2. Keterlambatan penyelesaian dokumen anggaran proyek akibat perubahan sistem maupun faktor manusia;3. Perubahan kondisi/politik didaerah;4. Rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai pelaksana proyek;5. Faktor yang berasal dart lender;6. Terjadinya backlog.Karena tidak adanya metode yang compatible untuk membandingkan kedua lender yang berbeda karakteristik, penulis tidak dapat menentukan secara pasti lender mana yang lebih balk, namun dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan perbedaan antara kedua lender tersebut sebagai berikut :1. Lender IBRD menghitung cost of borrowing sejak effective date dan dikenakan pada dana yang sudah dan belum ditarik sehingga semakin lama low disbursement terjadi, makin besar kerugian yang harus dibayar. Pada lender IDB, cost of borrowing baru diperhitungkan jika sudah ada penarikan dan tidak dikenakan pada dana yang belum ditarik;2. Jenis kegiatan proyek IDB lebih fieksibel karena borrower driven dan bukan lender driven seperti pada IBRD;3. Porsi kegiatan 100% pada IDB lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan sharing kegiatan seperti pada IBRD;4. IDB memerlukan waktu pengusulan proyek yang rata-rata lebih lama dibanding IBRD;5. Cara penarikan dengan pembayaran langsung yang umumnya digunakan IDB, cenderung lebih aman karena tidak ada backlog dibandingkan Reksus yang umum dikenakan IBRD.Dan temuan-temuan di atas, penulis menyarankan beberapa kebijakan antara lain :A. Kebijakan untuk mengatasi low disbursement :1. Agar pemerintah lebih memperketat kriteria readiness filter dalam pengusulan proyek baru;2. Agar Bappenas dan Depkeu dapat duduk bersama untuk mengatasi keterlambatan penerbitan dokumen anggaran;3. Agar lebih meningkatkan koordinasi antar instansi terkait untuk menghindari kesalahpahaman;4. Peningkatan kualitas SDM;5. Perlunya diadakan kesepakatan dengan lender yang dapat mengikat untuk mengantisipasi kerugian sepihak;6. Agar Depkeu dan proyek lebih intensif dalam melakukan replenishment.B. Kiranya pemerintah perlu melakukan pemilihan lender termasuk Cara pembayaran yang lebih menguntungkan dan memiliki resiko yang lebih kecil atas keterlambatan proyek."

"Laporan Magang ini menganalisis kesesuaian prosedur audit loan review yang dilakukan KAP AAW terhadap audit Bank BVM. KAP AAW melakukan prosedur audit loan review mengacu pada Pedoman Audit KAP AAW yang diadopsi dari Standar Audit (“SA”) sebagai standar audit yang berlaku dan juga Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sebagai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku untuk loan review. Secara umum, prosedur audit yang dilakukan KAP AAW telah sesuai dengan teori audit dan telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan yang berlaku.

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This Internship Report analyzes the loan review audit procedures conducted by KAP AAW on BVM Bank audit. KAP AAW performs loan review audit procedures referring to the KAP AAW Audit Guidelines which adopt the Auditing Standards (“SA”) as the applicable audit standard and also Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Regulations as the applicable regulations for loan reviews. In general, the audit procedures carried out by KAP AAW are in accordance with audit theory and are in accordance with the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Regulations."

"ABSTRAKLaporan magang ini membahas mengenai pengukuran akun piutang pembiayaan komersial melalui loan review pada PT SSS, serta mengevaluasi prosedur audit terkait piutang untuk periode pelaporan 31 Desember 2018. PT SSS merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pembiayaan infrastruktur. Pengakuan dan pengukuran untuk piutang komersial PT SSS sudah sesuai dengan PSAK 55. Evaluasi prosedur audit dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur pemberian pembiayaan PT SSS yang dibuat berdasarkan pedoman perusahaan. Perlakuan akuntansi dan prosedur audit yang dijalankan oleh KAP ASF sudah sesuai dengan teori dan standar yang berlaku.ABSTRACTThis internship report discusses about the measurement of loan receivables through loan review in PT SSS and the evaluation of the audit procedure for loan receivables for the period ended in 31st Dec 2018. PT SSS engages in financing infrastructure. The measurement of loan receivables in PT SSS complied with PSAK 55. The evaluation of audit procedure carried was in accordance with the procedure of PT SSS which is based on Financing Guidline of PT SSS. Audit procedures conducted by KAP ASF is in accordance with applicable standards."