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""International investment law is best described as a field of public international law which deals with the laws governing the commercial activities of multinational enterprises that are undertaken in foreign states. This occurs when a business or firm decides to open a branch of operations overseas, such as a factory or a mine, and in so doing it may come into conflict with that host state's laws. These may control the nature or extent of the economic activities the firm is allowed to pursue, such as licensing requirements, labor or environmental standards. While this situation may appear to be a matter for resolution by application of domestic laws of the host state through its courts, increasingly recourse is given to international law and international tribunals for answers. International investment law is a species of public international law in the sense that it comprises legal commitments made by sovereign states at the international level as captured by the international investment agreements. While often overlooked, it also has private law elements because the rights (and to a lesser extent obligations) of firms are in some cases formulated by investment contracts between firms and the states in which they operate. In this latter sense, international investment law can be viewed as field of transnational contract law, governed both by domestic legal systems and by the rules of international law"--"

"Attempts at developing a theory of international investment law are complicated by the fact that this field of international law is based on numerous, largely bilateral treaties and is implemented by arbitral panels established on a case-by-case basis. This suggests a fragmented and chaotic state of the law, with different levels of protection depending on the sources and targets of foreign investment flows. This book, however, forwards the thesis that international investment law develops, despite its bilateral form, into a multilateral system of law that backs up the functioning of a global market economy based on converging principles of investment protection. In discussing the function of most-favored-nation clauses, the possibilities of treaty-shopping and the impact of investor-State arbitration with its intensive reliance on precedent and other genuinely multilateral approaches to treaty interpretation, it offers a conceptual framework for understanding the nature and functioning of international investment law as a genuinely multilateral system."

"Dalam proses arbitrase investasi internasional antara suatu investor asing dan pihak negara, terdapat perjanjian investasi internasional yang mengatur persyaratan-persyaratan yang wajib dipenuhi sebelum proses arbitrase dapat dimulai. Persyaratan-persyaratan ini tidak sama untuk setiap perjanjian investasi internasional. Namun, setiap perjanjian investasi internasional pasti mengandung persyaratan ratione materiae, ratione personae, ratione temporis, dan ratione voluntatis. Persyaratan-persyaratan ini menunjukkan apa saja yang perlu dipenuhi investor asing sebelum dapat mengajukan sengketanya kepada proses arbitrase. Ratione voluntatis sendiri merupakan persyaratan mengenai persetujuan negara yang dibagi menjadi Cooling-off period dan Exhaustion of Local Remedies. Cooling-off period merupakan persyaratan yang mengatur bahwa suatu investor asing perlu melakukan negosiasi untuk mendapatkan penyelesaian sengketa yang saling menguntungkan terlebih dahulu selama jangka waktu yang ditentukan sebelum investor asing tersebut dapat mengajukan sengketanya untuk diselesaikan melalui arbitrase. Exhaustion of Local Remedies merupakan persyaratan yang mengatur bahwa suatu investor asing perlu mengajukan gugatannya terlebih dahulu kepada pengadilan negeri negara tersebut selama waktu yang ditentukan sebelum investor asing tersebut dapat mengajukan sengketanya untuk diselesaikan melalui arbitrase. Dalam tujuh kasus arbitrase investasi internasional yang telah dilewati Indonesia, semua perjanjian investasi internasional yang berlaku mengandung klausul Cooling-off period sebagai bentuk ratione voluntatis yang ditentukan dalam perjanjian investasi internasional tersebut. Namun, pada tujuh kasus tersebut tidak ada satupun pembahasan mengenai Cooling-off period dikarenakan isu tersebut tidak diajukan oleh Indonesia sebagai keberatan terhadap yurisdiksi majelis arbiter. Dalam tujuh kasus tersebut, hanya satu yang memberikan fakta bahwa investor asing yang mengajukan gugatan telah mencoba melakukan negosiasi dengan pihak negara. Tidak adanya fakta bahwa investor asing mencoba menyelesaikan sengketa melalui negosiasi berarti bahwa persyaratan Cooling-off period tidak dipenuhi oleh investor asing sebelum mengajukan sengketa yang sedang dialami pada arbitrase. Penulis berharap bahwa skripsi ini dapat memberikan pemahaman yang merinci mengenai klausul Cooling-off period beserta penerapan dan dampak dari klausul tersebut pada yurisdiksi majelis arbiter pada arbitrase investasi internasional. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan pada penulisan skripsi ini adalah dengan metode doktrinal, yakni yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif.

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In international investment arbitration proceedings between a foreign investor and a state party, there is an international investment agreement that sets out the requirements that must be met before arbitration proceedings can commence. These requirements are not the same for every international investment agreement. However, every international investment agreement must contain the requirement of ratione materiae, ratione personae, ratione temporis, and ratione voluntatis. These requirements indicate what a foreign investor needs to fulfil before it can submit its dispute to arbitration proceedings. Ratione voluntatis is a requirement regarding state consent which is divided into the requirement of a Cooling-off period and an Exhaustion of Local Remedies. Cooling-off period is a requirement in which a foreign investor needs to negotiate for amicable resolutions for a specified period of time before it can submit its dispute for resolution through arbitration. Exhaustion of Local Remedies is a requirement in which a foreign investor needs to first file its claim with the country's domestic courts for a specified amount of time before the foreign investor can submit its dispute for resolution through arbitration. In the seven international investment arbitration cases that Indonesia has experienced, all the applicable international investment agreements contain Cooling-off period clauses as a form of ratione voluntatis that is adopted. However, in none of the seven cases was the Cooling-off period discussed as the issue was not raised by Indonesia as a challenge to the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal. In the seven cases, only one provided the fact that the foreign investor who filed the arbitration proceedings had tried to negotiate with the state party. The absence of the fact that the foreign investor tried to resolve the dispute through negotiation means that the Cooling-off period requirement was not met by the foreign investor before submitting the dispute to arbitration. The author hopes that this thesis can provide a detailed understanding of the Cooling-off period clause and the application and impact of the clause on the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal in international investment arbitration. The research method that will be used in writing this thesis is the doctrinal method, which is research focused on examining the application of rules or norms in positive law."