Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The book is meant to help students and professionals in dentistry to understand the complexity of the anxiety phenomenon, and in psychology to understand the specific situation for the dental phobia (DP) patient, and bridge the gap between dentistry and psychology"

"

Latar Belakang : KKD terhadap tindakan injeksi intraoral merupakan hal yang sering dialami pada kelompok anak-anak dan dapat dikaitkan dengan pengalaman yang traumatis. Adanya KKD dapat menyebabkan anak cenderung menghindari perawatan dental. Metode pendekatan perilaku Terapi Perilaku Kognitif (TPK) merupakan terapi intervensi psikologis yang menggabungkan terapi kognitif dengan perilaku dan terbukti efektif untuk mengatasi KKD terhadap tindakan injeksi intraoral. Metode TPK terdiri atas beberapa prinsip, yaitu psikoedukasi, restrukturisasi kogntif, paparan dan teknik relaksasi.Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat KKD terhadap tindakan injeksi intraoral pada anak usia 8-12 tahun sebelum dan setelah penggunaan aplikasi bantu diri “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” yang menerapkan prinsip TPK. Metode penelitian : Penelitian eksperimental klinis dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian diukur tingkat KKD terhadap tindakan injeksi intraoral sebelum penggunaan aplikasi “Siap ke Dokter Gigi”, lalu diberikan aplikasi “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” saat akan dilakukan tindakan injeksi intraoral. Tingkat KKD diukur kembali setelah pemberian aplikasi “Siap ke Dokter Gigi”, setelah tindakan injeksi intraoral pada kunjungan berikutnya. Hasil : Hasil uji analisis Wilcoxon berbeda bermakna bermakna secara statistik (Wilcoxon, p < 0,05) terhadap tindakan injeksi intraoral sebelum dan setelah pemberian aplikasi bantu diri “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” pada anak usia 8-12 tahun. Kesimpulan : Penerapan prinsip TPK dalam aplikasi bantu diri “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” berpotensi untuk menurunkan tingkat KKD anak usia 8-12 tahun terhadap tindakan injeksi intraoral.

---

Backgrounds: Dental fear and anxiety (DFA), especially in intraoral injection, are common problems in children and are associated with traumatic experiences; thus, they may act as a barrier for children to access dental treatment. The efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in alleviating dental fear and anxiety on intraoral injections has been studied previously. The CBT principle consists of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure and relaxation techniques, which can be delivered using a self-help module to reduce chair time. Aims: To analyze the differences in dental fear and anxiety on intraoral injections before and after intervention with CBT principles as a self-help mobile application for children aged 8-12. Methods: A clinical experimental study was performed with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The dental fear and anxiety levels in intraoral injection were measured in subjects who attended FKG UI Dental Hospital during their first visit (pre-test) and met the inclusion subject criteria for the current study. Afterwards, the self-help CBT mobile application “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” was given to the participants. The final measurement of dental fear and anxiety levels were determined after the intraoral injection in the subsequent visit (post-test). Results: Dental fear and anxiety levels of intraoral injection decreased significantly after the intervention using the self-help CBT mobile application “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” (Wilcoxon Test, p < 0,05) in child patients aged 8-12. Conclusion: The self-help CBT mobile application “Siap ke Dokter Gigi” could potentially reduce dental fear and anxiety in children aged 8-12 who were worried about getting intraoral injections during their dental visits."

"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N 􏰀 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive?behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps 􏰄 .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach."

"A new cognitive therapy (CT) program was compared with an established behavioral treatment. Sixty-two patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for social phobia were randomly assigned to CT, exposure plus applied relaxation (EXP = AR), or wait-list (WAIT). CT and EXP = AR were superior to WAIT on all measures. On measures of social phobia, CT led to greater improvement than did EXP = AR. Percentages of patients who no longer met diagnostic criteria for social phobia at posttreatment-wait were as follows: 84% in CT, 42% in EXP = AR, and 0% in WAIT. At the 1-year follow-up, differences in outcome persisted. In addition, patients in EXP = AR were more likely to have sought additional treatment. Therapist effects were small and nonsignificant. CT appears to be superior to EXP = AR in the treatment of social phobia."

"This study examines the effect of homework compliance on treatment outcome in 123 participants receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for cocaine dependence. Regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between homework compliance and cocaine use that was moderated by readiness to change. Homework compliance predicted less cocaine use during treatment but only for participants higher in readiness to change. For those lower in readiness to change, homework compliance was not associated with cocaine use during treatment. Homework compliance early in therapy was associated with better retention in treatment. Homework compliance was not predicted by participants' level of education or readiness to change. These findings support the use of homework during CBT for substance use disorders."

"Kecemasan adalah suatu perasaan gelisah atau ketakutan terhadap sesuatu yang dapat dialami oleh semua individu, termasuk diantaranya lanjut usia. Pada lansia, kecemasan dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan kondisi fisik yaitu kondisi geriatrik, perubahan psikologis yaitu perubahan fungsi kognitif, perkembangan temprament individu, dan perubahan lingkungan seperti kemiskinan, seringnya terjadi kekerasan, pola adaptasi yang gagal, serta peristiwa hidup yang negatif. Kecemasan pada lansia dapat menyebabkan munculnya beberapa penyakit, diantaranya penyakit jantung, hipertensi, hingga berujung pada kematian.Fenomena kecemasan ini cukup sering ditemui di usia lanjut. Di Indonesia, fenomena ini sering ditemui di beberapa kota dengan tingkat populasi lansia yang tinggi seperti di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab fenomena yang ada dengan memberikan intervensi psikologis kepada lansia yang berdomisi di Depok. Intervensi ini merupakan intervensi kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) yang diberikan kepada 5 orang partisipan. Pegukuran dilakukan pada saat pra-intervensi dan pasca-intervensi untuk mengetahui perubahan tingkat kecemasan yang jelas pada masing-masing partisipan. Kelima partisipan yang mengikuti intervensi ini mengalami penurunan tingkat kecemasan yang diukur menggunakan skala PSWQ (Penn State Worry Questionaire) dan STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Penurunan pada kelima partisipan bervariasi tergantung dari masalah dan ketaatan partisipan saat mengikuti intervensi.Kelima partisipan telah mengikuti teknik-teknik yang sudah diberikan selama proses intervensi seperti mengenali gejala, reaksi tubuh dan dampak cemas, membuat dan mengevaluasi rencana kegiatan, mengenali pikiran negatif, merekonstruksi pikiran negatif, mencari solusi dari masalah, dan berlatih relaksasi. Keberhasilan penelitian tergantung dari motivasi untuk sembuh, kepatuhan dalam mengikuti intervensi dan keinginan untuk melakukan teknik-teknik yang sudah diberikan selama intervensi.

---

Anxiety can be defined as a feeling of discouraged or frightened about something, occur in human beings, as well as to the old ages. For older people, anxiety can be caused by the changing of their physical condition e.g. geriatric condition, the changing of psychological condition e.g. the change of cognitive function, individual temperament development, the changing of their surroundings e.g. poverty, violence, the failure of adaptation pattern, and the negative side of life. Anxiety for the old ages may lead to some diseases such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure which could lead them to death.

This anxiety phenomenon often appears in the old ages. In Indonesia, this phenomenon can be found in some cities with high population of the old ages such as in Depok. This research was trying to figure out the answer by giving a psychological intervention for old aged individual living in Depok. The intervention was group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) given to 5 participants. The measurement was done at pre intervention and post intervention to find the changing of anxiety level of each participant.

All participants who joined this intervention experienced decrease of anxiety level which was measured by PSWQ scale (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Various result was found depends on problems and the obediency of the participant during the intervention. The success of this research may be influenced the motivation of healing, obedient, and willingness to do the techniques given by participants."

"Women with lifelong vaginismus (N=117) were randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral group therapy, cognitive-behavioral bibliotherapy, or a waiting list. Manualized treatment comprised sexual education, relaxation exercises, gradual exposure, cognitive therapy, and sensate focus therapy. Group therapy consisted of ten 2-hr sessions with 6 to 9 participants per group. Assistance with minimal-contact bibliotherapy consisted of 6 biweekly, 15-min telephone contacts. Twenty-one percent of the participants left the study before posttreatment assessment. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that successful intercourse at posttreatment was reported by 14% of the treated participants compared with none of the participants in the control condition. At the 12-month follow-up 21% of the group therapy participants and 15% of the bibliotherapy participants, respectively, reported successful intercourse. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of lifelong vaginismus was thus found to be efficacious, but the small effect size of the treatment warrants future efforts to improve the treatment"

"Ninety cannabis-dependent adults seeking treatment were randomly assigned to receive cognitive-behavioral therapy, abstinence-based voucher incentives, or their combination. Treatment duration was 14 weeks, and outcomes were assessed for 12 months posttreatment. Findings suggest that (a) abstinence-based vouchers were effective for engendering extended periods of continuous marijuana abstinence during treatment, (b) cognitive-behavioral therapy did not add to this during-treatment effect, and (c) cognitive-behavioral therapy enhanced the posttreatment maintenance of the initial positive effect of vouchers on abstinence. This study extends the literature on cannabis dependence, indicating that a program of abstinence-based vouchers is a potent treatment option. Discussion focuses on the strengths of each intervention, the clinical significance of the findings, and the need to continue efforts toward development of effective interventions."