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"Abstract. Irian Jaya study aims to analyse the flexibility and productivity of the urban informal sector of regional economy in Jayapura. The approach used is qualitative in nature. The findings of the study show that the informal sector in Jayapura is very flexible in recruiting human resources of varying backgrounds (gender, age, education, even capital). The study also finds that the productivity of the sector is very high as the profit gained by the informal sector actors is significantly higher than the cost. Factors attributing to the flexibility of the informal sector in Jayapura are labour and demand whereas factors attributing to productivity are labour and demand, which are positively correlated, and flexibility, which is negatively correlated. "

"Abstract. The development concept applied so far has received criticisms since it is too sectoral- and growth-oriented. This study offers a proposition that social development must – instead, get a central emphasis through developing the fundamental aspects of society, i.e.: structure, culture, and social process. By using data from qualitative research (document study, in depth interview, FGD, and observation) the writing attempts to give an illustration on how Solo Government Central Java Province conducts social development especially for street vendors. The study shows that the inclusive value- and participatory-based social development has been practiced at a certain level in Solo. The article concludes that the local government of Solo has conducted social development by relying more on structural development, through which cultural and social processes are also developed. Furthermore, there have also been dynamic, reciprocal interactions among all aspects in the social development (self-reinforcing) process in Solo. It is the basic message of this writing that, any policy study must direct its concern more towards fundamental elements of societal life, i.e. “structure, culture, and social process” ."

"The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the implementation of corporate governance at the Regional Development Banks, or locally known as Bank Pembangunan Daerah, in Indonesia. The focus of this study is on the role and the position of the governing body or board as well as the relations between governance in micro context and macro condition in the framework of institutional theory. The kind of paradigm that is used in this research paper is the post-positivist paradigm by using mixed methods. To analyze the implementation of corporate governance, this research paper is using several key actors: BOD's Size, Board of Commissioners Size, Board of Independent Commissioners Size, Audit Committee's Size, Block-holder Ownership, Risk Monitoring Committee, and Nomination and Remuneration Committee. The results of this research paper indicate that Bank Pembangunan Daerah merely fulfill the requirements of important tools in the implementation of corporate governance. In the end, this will influence the manageability of risk management and compliance process. This condition has positioned the importance of the existence of board in the form of both board of commissioners and board of directors in the management and the achievements of the performance of Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPDs). In the perspective of corporate governance theorizing that is related to the institutional approach, board can be the balancing power in the context of the diversity of agents that display the relationship patterns not only in the micro-level that involve principal, management, and employees, but also in the macro condition such as legal system in the forms of regulations, social and cultural system, and political system in the form of relations between companies and both legislative and executive institutions. This is related to the strong influence of bureaucracy and political institutions that demonstrate the emergence of conflicting objectives and political interference in the management of Bank Pembangunan Daerah. This condition emerges as the consequences of the existence of Bank Pembangunan Daerah as regional-owned enterprises (BUMDs) that has dual functions, namely as a business enterprise that focuses on making profits as well as an agent of regional development and providing services to the public.

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Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan corporate governance pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah. Kajian difokuskan pada peran dan kedudukan board serta hubungan antara tata kelola pada konteks mikro dan kondisi makro dalam kerangka pendekatan institutional theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post positivs dengan menggunakan mix method. Untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan corporate governance, penelitian ini menggunakan proksi: BOD Size, Board of Commisioner Size, Board of Independent Commisioner Size, Audit Commite Size, Blockholder Ownership, Risk Monitoring Committee, dan Nomination and Remuneretion Committee. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bank Pembangunan Daerah baru sebatas memenuhi ketentuan pemenuhan organ-organ penting dalam pelaksanaan corporate governance. Hal ini pada akhirnya mempengaruhi pengelolaan manajemen risiko (risk management) dan compliance process. Kondisi ini memposisikan pentingnya keberadaan board dalam wujud dewan komisaris maupun direksi dalam pengelolaan dan pencapaian kinerja Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD). Dalam perspektif teorisasi corporate governance yang terkait dengan pendekatan institusional, board dapat menjadi kekuatan penyeimbang dalam konteks keberagaman aktor (agent) yang menunjukkan pola hubungan tidak saja dalam tataran mikro yang melibatkan pemilik (principal), management, dan pekerja, tetapi juga kondisi makro seperti sistem hukum dalam bentuk regulasi, sistem sosial dan budaya, dan sistem politik dalam bentuk hubungan antara perusahaan dengan lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif. Hal ini berkaitan dengan kuatnya pengaruh birokrat dan institusi politik yang menunjukkan munculnya conflicting objective dan political interference dalam pengelolaan Bank Pembangunan Daerah. Kondisi ini muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari keberadaan Bank Pembangunan Daerah sebagai Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD) yang memiliki fungsi ganda yaitu sebagai entitas bisnis yang berorientasi pada pencapaian keuntungan dan juga sebagai agent of regional development dan melayani kepentingan masyarakat."

"The research aims to analyze the impacts of tax compliance on regional budgeting and public welfare in East Java Province. Using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method, it considers the following variables: tax compliance, regional finance, general grant, special grant, regional expenditures, and Human Development Index (HDI). The results indicate that tax compliance has significant impacts on regional finance. Tax has significant positive impacts on regional expenditures/spending. Conversely, regional spending affects public social welfare in East Java Province. The research concludes that tax compliance gives significant positive impacts on public welfare in East Java Province during the 2004-2009 period. The prevalent policy implies that regional government has to secure regional financial balance to improve public welfare in East Java Province. The regional government is to promote public awareness that tax compliance is crucial to improve tax revenues and public welfare.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh kepatuhan pajak dan dampaknya pada penganggaran keuangan daerah dan kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ?Partial Least Square? (PLS). Variabel yang digunakan; kepatuhan pajak, keuangan daerah, hibah umum, hibah khusus, pangsa pajak, pengeluaran daerah, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (HDI). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan pajak berpengaruh pada keuangan daerah. Pajak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif untuk pengeluaran/belanja daerah. Sebaliknya, belanja daerah berpengaruh bagi kehidupan kesejahteraan sosial di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kesimpulannya yaitu kepatuhan pajak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif pada kesejahteraan masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2004-2009. Implikasi kebijakan mengatakan bahwa pemerintah daerah harus mengalokasikan perimbangan keuangan daerah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di provinsi Jawa Timur. Pemerintah daerah harus mempromosikan memberitahukan masyarakat bahwa kepatuhan pajak diperlukan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dan kesejahteraan masyarakat."

"Abstract. The research aims to analyze the effect of Bogor Regency’s Regional Representatives Council members’professionalism and competence on their performance. The research uses a quantitative approach and employsthe descriptive method. Findings suggest that Bogor Regency’s Regional Representatives Council members’professionalism and competence directly influence their performance in a positive and significant manner. Result ofthis research also show that with increasing competence of members of parliament, it will has an impact on improvingthe performance of legislators—that is because they are a higher priority on support capabilities are more conduciveto understanding the rules and duties of their employment. Study recommends that include other factors besides theprofessionalism and competence of members of parliament in order to measure performance improvement legislators."

"Abstract. This paper explores the leadership style of a direct-elected Mayor in the new era of local administration. Solo city,under the leadership of Mayor Joko Widodo, along with his political partner, Vice Mayor F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo, is currentlyreferred to as practicing the best local government. The leadership of the political partner is perceived to be a role model ofleadership style in the new era. A step by step guidance of cognitive mapping introduced by Ackerman et. al. (1992) is appliedto construct the cognitive map and causal map of the Mayor’s policies on regional competitiveness. Meanwhile, the NUMBERmethod developed by Kim (2000 and 2005) is used to convert the causal map into a dynamic model system of the CityMayor’s policies. Many pro-people related policies and programs are believed to be important factors in enhancing regionalcompetitiveness during the leadership of Mayor Joko Widodo. This study contributes to provide a role model of regionalleaders’ best practice overview in building the area, particularly building the regional competitiveness."

"Abstract. Credit disbursement is an investment decision in the banking business. Therefore, the concept of "high risk high return" becomes the focus of banks in managing credit. One of the effort of these banks to manage risk and enhancing/ increasing returns is forming their portfolio. This research was conducted in one of the state banks in Indonesia, which has the goal of increasing lending in the retail and commercial segments. Single Index Model is used to find the optimal composition of the economic sector. This model recommends economic sectors into the portfolio on the basis of Excess Return to Beta, which represents the difference between the rates of return in the form of interest income with a risk-free asset returns, divided by beta sectors of the economy itself. The results showed that the return portfolio can be improved and the risks derived using that approach. Banking business purpose is the return and growth so that the portfolio optimization needs to be supported with other parameters when the economic sectors that are not recommended put in a portfolio. Analysis of the performance of RAROC is a performance metric that of performance that computes net profit after adjusting for potential losses than capital allocation, can be used to help the formation of portfolios that received the return and risk are still in line with expectations.Abstrak. Penyaluran kredit merupakan investment decision dalam bisnis perbankan. Oleh sebab itu konsep " high risk high return" menjadi fokus perbankan dalam mengelola kredit. Salah satu upaya perbankan mengelola risiko dan meningkatkan return adalah membentuk portofolio. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu bank pemerintah di Indonesia yang mempunyai target meningkatkan penyaluran kredit di segmen retail dan commercial. Single Index Model digunakan untuk mencari komposisi optimal dari sektor ekonomi. Model ini merekomendasi sektor ekonomi yang masuk ke dalam portofolio atas dasar Excess Return to Beta yang merupakan selisih antara tingkat return berupa pendapatan bunga dengan return asset bebas risiko (SBI) dibagi dengan beta sektor ekonomi itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa return porofolio dapat ditingkatkan dan risiko diturunkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan tersebut. Tujuan bisnis perbankan adalah return dan growth sehingga optimalisasi portofolio perlu didukung dengan parameter lain ketika sektor ekonomi yang tidak direkomendasikan dimasukkan ke dalam portofolio. Analisis RAROC yaitu suatu metrik kinerja yang menghitung keuntungan bersih setelah disesuaikan dengan potensi kerugian dibanding alokasi modalnya digunakan untuk membantu pembentukan portofolio sehingga return dan risiko yang diterima masih sesuai dengan harapan."

"Abstract. In order to effectively align corporate social responsibility (CSR) with the poverty reduction agenda, corporations need to be more inclusive and collaborative with other actors. Cross-sector partnerships in the implementation of CSR have been an emerging approach and practice, as promoted by public administration scholars. Key actors in the partnerships may come from the government, civil society represented by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and corporations. However, designing successful effective partnerships that are relevant to cross-sector dynamics and political contexts has been proven to be particularly challenging, especially in emerging economies and new democracies, such as Indonesia. This paper provides key characteristics of effective cross-sector partnerships that have been derived from an examination of three case studies in Indonesia and Tanzania. They represent cross-sector partnerships with differing scope and depth. Throughout this paper, one can observe and extract key characteristics of effective partnerships based on three case studies of which a model for each is described. In particular, characteristics utilized for assessing the effectiveness of the models include ownership, alignment and synchronization, accountability, reduced dependency, resource sharing, along with representation and legitimacy.Abstrak. Agar tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan (TJSL) perusahaan semakin relevan dengan agenda pengurangan kemiskinan, perusahaan perlu lebih inklusif dan kolaboratif dengan aktor-aktor lain. Kemitraan lintas-pihak (cross-sector partnership) dewasa ini telah menjadi tren pendekatan dan praktik TJSL, sebagaimana dipromosikan para ahli administrasi publik. Aktor-aktor kunci yang potensial sebagai mitra perusahaan bisa berasal dari elemen pemerintah, dan masyarakat sipil yang dalam hal ini organisasi non-pemerintah. Meski demikian, mendesain kemitraan yang efektif dan relevan bagi suatu konteks dan dinamika politik ternyata merupakan tantangan tersendiri, khususnya bagi Negara seperti Indonesia sebagai kekuatan ekonomi dan demokrasi baru. Sebagai upaya menjawab tantangan itu, artikel ini membahas karakteristik kunci kemitraan lintas sektor yang efektif, yang dielaborasi dari dua studi kasus di Indonesia dan satu kasus di Tanzania. Ketiganya mewakili model kemitraan dengan jangkauan lingkup dan kedalaman keterlibatan yang berbeda. Dalam tulisan ini, karakteristik kunci dari kemitraan yang efektif ditelaah dan diperas dari pembahasan tiga studi kasus tersebut. Hasilnya adalah karakteristik-karakteristik kunci yang meliputi rasa kepemilikan, keterkaitan dan sinkronisasi, akuntabilitas, berkurangnya ketergantungan, pembagian sumber daya, serta representasi dan legitimasi."

"Abstract. Social accountability has been believed as an approach to overcome the deficit of the formal accountability (both horizontal and vertical accountability). Social accountability is percieved as a public accountability which is initiated by and aimed for the society. Several studies found the effectiveness of social accountability in encouraging a more transparent government and a wider public involvement. Those studies identified variables which contribute to the social accountability, i.e. the degree of government openness; the density of community organizations and their advocation capability; social, political, and cultural environment; and the public information accessibility. Data for this paper is collected through in-depth interviews and focused group discussion with the major players in the budget policy making process, including local government officers, members of local house of representatives (DPRD), and activists of the local community groups in the Regency of Karanganyar. This paper argues that despite its effectiveness, social accountability also produce some counterproductive excesses. The term social accountability paradox is used in this paper to represent the abuse of social accountability and it risks. This paper aims to identify the practices of social accountability abuse in the local budget policymaking process, with the case of the Regency of Karanganyar. Based on the study, there are some requirement to be fulfilled In order to increase the social accountability of the public budget policy making process, i.e. (1) revision of regulations to encourage a more transparency in the budget public information; (2) the development of community-based monitoring and dialogues forums; and (3) the increasing of the capability of community groups in conducting social accountability audit.Abstrak. Akuntabilitas sosial dalam perkembangan wacana akuntabilitas diyakini sebagai pendekatan untuk menambal defisit akuntabilitas formal, baik akuntabilitas horisontal maupun akuntabilitas vertikal. Akuntabilitas sosial adalah akuntabilitas publik yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung diinisiasi masyarakat atau ditujukan kepada masyarakat. Banyak studi menemukan bahwa akuntabilitas sosial efektif untuk mendorong pemerintah lebih transparan dan membuka ruang pelibatan publik lebih luas. Variabel yang ditemukan berkontribusi membangun akuntabilitas sosial adalah derajad keterbukaan pemerintah; densitas organisasi/kelompok komunitas dan tingkat kapasitasnya melakukan advokasi; lingkungan sosial, politik, dan budaya, serta keterbukaan akses informasi publik. Data untuk tulisan ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan diskusi terfokus dengan para aktor utama yang terlibat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan anggaran, baik dari pemerintah, DPRD, dan kelompok warga/komunitas lokal di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa di samping keefektifannya, akuntabilitas sosial juga menimbulkan beberapa dampak yang kontraproduktif. Tulisan ini menggunakan istilah paradoks akuntabilitas untuk mewakili penyalahgunaan dan resiko dari akuntabilitas sosial. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi praktek penyalahgunaan akuntabilitas sosial dalam proses penganggaran daerah, dengan kasus di Kabupaten Karanaganyar. Berdasar hasil dari kajian ini, ada beberapa persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi untuk meningkatkan akuntabilitas sosial dalam proses penganggaran daerah, yaitu: (1) revisi kebijakan untuk mendorong transparansi informasi anggaran daerah; (2) pengembangan forum monitoring dan dialog berbasis masyarakat; dan (3) peningkatan kapabilitas kelompok warga masyarakat untuk melakukan audit akuntabilitas sosial. "

"Abstract. This research is motivated by the lack of publication concerning budget management information by the Government of Kupang through online media. This research aims to study the factors that lead to the lack of transparency of budget management information by the Government of Kupang. This study used a qualitative method with instrumental case study and the data collection procedures using in-depth interviews, and documents study. The data validation uses triangulation technique of sources. The research subjects of Kupang Government Bureaucracy are determined purposively. The results show that the rate of secrecy/confidentiality of Kupang Government budget management information is quite high, thus difficult to be accessed by the public (over secrecy). The causes are diverse, among others, problems of socialization, lack of legal instruments governing the infrastructure in the field of public disclosure, lack of resources and a growing perception among the head SKPD and head of the Treasury Division of the Regional Secretariat of Kupang that local financial documents such as RKA, DPA, and the LRA are state confidential documents.Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi minimnya publikasi informasi pengelolaan APBD oleh Pemerintah Kota Kupang melalui media online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan Pemerintah Kota Kupang kurang transparan atasinformasi Pengelolaan APBD miliknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus Instrumental dan prosedur pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Validasi data dengan teknik triangulasi sumber. Subjek Penelitian Birokrasi Pemerintah Kota Kupang dan ditentukan secara purposive. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat sekresi/kerahasiaan informasi pengelolaan APBD Pemerintah Kota Kupang tergolong cukup tinggi, sehingga sulit diakses oleh publik (over secrecy).Penyebabnya beragam, di antaranya permasalahan sosialisasi, ketiadaan perangkat hukum yang mengatur infrastruktur di bidang keterbukaan informasi publik, ketiadaan sumberdaya dan adanya persepsi yang berkembang di kalangan kepala SKPD dan Kabag Keuangan Sekretariat Daerah Kota Kupang bahwa dokumen keuangan daerah seperti RKA, DPA, dan LRA merupakan dokumen rahasia negara."