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"Liability of legal persons for criminal offences has been slowly, but making its way to the legislations of Indonesia. Trends of development indicate that the liability of legal persons for criminal offences has been regulated in few regulations and will be regulated in the bill of Indonesia Penal Code that is now

being drafted. Grounds of liability of legal persons indicate that it is a question of a special from of criminal responsibility, adapted to legal persons."

"Meski telah memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat, namun transaksi di Online Marketplace dapat meningkatkan ambiguitas, terutama dalam hal pertanggungjawaban produk. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen tidak memisahkan penjual dan perusahaan Pasar Online sebagai dua entitas yang berbeda, sehingga tidak memberikan kepastian hukum bagi konsumen mengenai pihak mana yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban. Melalui penelitian yuridis-normatif, tulisan ini membahas mengenai kewajiban produk dan batasan tanggung jawab penyelenggara sistem elektronik di Indonesia dan luar negeri. Penelitian ini juga akan melihat kebijakan internal dari Online Marketplace. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan penjual bertanggung jawab atas produk yang dijual, sedangkan operator sistem elektronik bertanggung jawab atas sistem. Namun masih ada perusahaan Online Marketplace yang mengabaikan hal tersebut sehingga diperlukan pengawasan yang lebih ketat.Although it has provided convenience for the public, transactions in the Online Marketplace can increase ambiguity, especially in terms of product accountability. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection does not separate sellers and Online Market companies as two different entities, so that it does not provide legal certainty for consumers regarding which parties can be held accountable. Through juridical-normative research, this paper discusses product liability and limits on the responsibilities of electronic system operators in Indonesia and abroad. This research will also look at the internal policies of the Online Marketplace. It can be concluded that overall the seller is responsible for the products sold, while the electronic system operator is responsible for the system. However, there are still Online Marketplace companies that ignore this, so stricter supervision is needed."

"The scheme of checks and balances in the process of legislation in various countries, experienced a shift after judical review accommodated. Legislation does not only involve exeecutive institutions and the parliament bbut also the judiciary. Judicial review is a channel for the expression of public dissent against the decision taken by the legislators. Through the authority of judical review, the Constitutional Court may overturn legislation. This is not because the Constutional Court is in a superior position but becausae judical review is an instrument of the checks and balances mechanism among institutions in the legislative process. Therefore, the presence of the Constitutional Court with powers of judical review should be understood in order to contribute to the democratization in the legislation process."

"Pengangkutan barang dalam kegiatan logistik pada umumnya menggunakan lebih dari satu moda angkutan, oleh karena itu angkutan multimoda merupakan bagian penting dari sistem logistik. Pengangkutan barang dengan menggunakan paling sedikit dua moda angkutan yang berbeda atas dasar satu kontrak sebagai dokumenangkutan multimoda. Pihak (pengangkut) yang bertanggung jawab pada angkutan multimoda atas kerugian yang muncul akibat adanya kerusakan, kehilangan dan keterlambatan dalam pengiriman barang, diberlakukan tanggung jawab tunggal atau tanggung jawab yang berlaku bagi setiap moda angkutan. Dengan meninjau pula pengangkut dalam penyelenggaraan dan pengusahaan pengangkutan multimoda. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan bentuk penelitian jenis yuridisnormatif, bertujuan untuk menelaah norma hukum tertulis dari suatu peraturan perundangan-undangan yang terkait dengan angkutan multimoda. Bahwa semua moda pengangkutan yaitu angkutan darat, laut dan udara telah mengatur mengenai keikutsertaannya dalam angkutan multimoda. Badan usaha angkutan multimoda bertanggung jawab terhadap barang yang diangkutnya setelah badan usaha angkutan multimoda menerima barang muatan dalam rangka menjalankan perintah pengguna jasa angkutan multimoda sesuai dengan ketentuan perjanjian dalam dokumen angkutan multimoda.Transportation of goods in logistics activities generally uses more than one mode of transportation, therefore multimodal transportation is an important part of the logistics system. Carriage of goods using at least two different modes of transport on the basis of one contract as a document multimodal transport. The party (carrier) who is responsible for multimodal transportation for losses that arise due to damage, loss and delay in the delivery of goods, is subject to sole responsibility or liability that applies to each mode of transportation. By also reviewing the carrier in the operation and operation of multimodal transportation. This research is a form of juridical-normative research, which aims to examine the written legal norms of a statutory regulation related to multimodal transportation. That all modes of transportation, namely land, sea and air transportation, have regulated their participation in multimodal transportation. The multimodal transport business entity is responsible for the goods it transports after the multimodal transport business entity receives the cargo in order to carry out the orders of the multimodal transport service user in accordance with the provisions of the agreement in the multimodal transport document."

"Pengangkutan barang dalam kegiatan logistik pada umumnya menggunakan lebih dari satu moda angkutan, oleh karena itu angkutan multimoda merupakan bagianpenting dari sistem logistik. Pengangkutan barang dengan menggunakan paling sedikit dua moda angkutan yang berbeda atas dasar satu kontrak sebagai dokumen angkutan multimoda. Pihak (pengangkut) yang bertanggung jawab pada angkutan multimoda atas kerugian yang muncul akibat adanya kerusakan, kehilangan dan keterlambatan dalam pengiriman barang, diberlakukan tanggung jawab tunggal atau tanggung jawab yang berlaku bagi setiap moda angkutan. Dengan meninjau pula pengangkut dalam penyelenggaraan dan pengusahaan pengangkutanmultimoda. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan bentuk penelitian jenis yuridisnormatif,bertujuan untuk menelaah norma hukum tertulis dari suatu peraturan perundangan-undangan yang terkait dengan angkutan multimoda. Bahwa semua moda pengangkutan yaitu angkutan darat, laut dan udara telah mengatur mengenai keikutsertaannya dalam angkutan multimoda. Badan usaha angkutan multimodabertanggung jawab terhadap barang yang diangkutnya setelah badan usaha angkutan multimoda menerima barang muatan dalam rangka menjalankan perintahpengguna jasa angkutan multimoda sesuai dengan ketentuan perjanjian dalam dokumen angkutan multimoda.

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The transportation of goods in logistics activities generally uses more than one

mode of transportation, therefore multimodal transportation is an important part of the logistics system. Transporting goods using at least two different modes of transportation on the basis of one contract as a multimodal transport document.

Carrier is liable for multimodal transportation for losses arising from damage, loss and delay in the delivery of goods, is it a sole responsibility or liability that applies to each mode of transportation. By also reviewing the carrier in the operation of multimodal transportation. The research conducted is a form of juridical-normative

research, aimed at examining the written legal norms of a statutory regulation related to multimodal transportation. Whereas all modes of transportation, namely land, sea and air transportation, have regulated the participation in multimodal transportation. The Multimodal Transport Operator is responsible for the goods it transports after it has received the cargo in order to carry out the order of the users of multimodal transport services in accordance with the provisions of the

agreement in the multimodal transport document."