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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji konsekuensi ekonomi atas kualitas dan relevansi nilai pengungkapan risiko sebagai implikasi dari contingency fit manajamen risiko perusahaan. Contingency fit manajamen risiko mencerminkan tingkat kecocokan strategi manajemen risiko dengan faktor lingkungan perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan 397 sampel perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa contingency fit manajamen risiko terbukti dapat meningkatkan kualitas pengungkapan risiko wajib, namun tidak dengan risiko sukarela perusahaan. Konsekuensinya, perusahaan memperoleh manfaat ekonomi berupa penurunan biaya modal, namun tidak berupa kenaikan likuiditas saham, kecuali bagi perusahaan yang sahamnya kurang aktif diperdagangkan. Selain itu, pasar merespon positif kualitas pengungkapan risiko wajib, namun negatif terhadap kualitas pengungkapan risiko sukarela. Akan tetapi, kedua jenis pengungkapan tersebut tidak digunakan pasar untuk mengantisipasi kinerja laba masa depan perusahaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji konsekuensi ekonomi atas kualitas dan relevansi nilai pengungkapan risiko sebagai implikasi dari contingency fit manajamen risiko perusahaan. Contingency fit manajamen risiko mencerminkan tingkat kecocokan strategi manajemen risiko dengan faktor lingkungan perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan 397 sampel perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa contingency fit manajamen risiko terbukti dapat meningkatkan kualitas pengungkapan risiko wajib, namun tidak dengan risiko sukarela perusahaan. Konsekuensinya, perusahaan memperoleh manfaat ekonomi berupa penurunan biaya modal, namun tidak berupa kenaikan likuiditas saham, kecuali bagi perusahaan yang sahamnya kurang aktif diperdagangkan. Selain itu, pasar merespon positif kualitas pengungkapan risiko wajib, namun negatif terhadap kualitas pengungkapan risiko sukarela. Akan tetapi, kedua jenis pengungkapan tersebut tidak digunakan pasar untuk mengantisipasi kinerja laba masa depan perusahaan.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to examine the economic consequences of increased risk disclosure quality and its value relevance as an implication of the fit level of enterprise risk management ERM and firm rsquo s environmental factors ERM contingency fit. By using samples of 397 non finance companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, this study finds that ERM contingency fit increase mandatory risk disclosure quality, but do not increase voluntary ones. As the consequences, firms rsquo cost of equity is decreased, but firms rsquo share liquidity is not increased, except for firms who categorized as thin shares. Furthermore, market responses on the increased of mandatory risk disclosure quality positively, but negatively on voluntary ones. Unfortunately, market do not use both type of risk disclosure to anticipate firms rsquo future earnings performance"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis penerapan pengendalian internal aset Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama KKKS di Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara DJKN Kementerian Keuangan dengan studi pendekatan COSO dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 60 Tahun 2008 tentang Sistem Pengendalian Internal Pemerintah serta menganalisis pengendalian internal aset KKKS yang dapat diterapkan dengan pendekatan teori kontinjensi. Penelitian ini bersifat analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa DJKN perlu mendelegasikan kewenangannya dalam mengelola aset KKKS kepada unit kantor vertikal di daerah agar ada pemisahan fungsi pembuat kebijakan dan fungsi administratif dalam pengelolaan aset KKKS serta agar dapat dilakukan pengendalian fisik atas aset KKKS. Selain itu DJKN perlu membuat peraturan yang lebih jelas mengenai pembagian tugas dan kewenangan antara DJKN selaku pengelola barang, Pusat Pengelola Barang Milik Negara PP BMN Kementerian ESDM selaku Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran UAKPA , dan SKK Migas selaku unit pengendali kegiatan hulu migas di KKKS. DJKN juga perlu melakukan sinergi kebijakan adanya aturan tentang perlunya biaya pengamanan dan pemeliharaan atas aset KKKS yang telah terminasi.

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ABSTRACTThis research analyzes the implementation of internal control system of assets from Production Sharing Contract PSC of oil and gas upstream industry in the Directorate General of State Assets of Ministry of Finance based on both COSO and Government Regulation Number 60, 2008 which is about Governmental Internal Control System, and also analyzes other internal control system of assets from PSC of oil and gas upstream industry that can be applied based on contingency theory. This research is a descriptive analysis with qualitative approach. The results of the research suggest that Directorate General of State Assets needs to vertically delegate its authority to manage assets from PSC of oil and gas upstream industry to the sub office units in the region so there are separation of functions between policy formulation and policy implementation in asset management in order to do physical control over the assets. Moreover, Directorate General of State Assets needs to formulate a regulation that clearly explains the tasks and authorities of each parties Directorate General of State Assets as the manager of assets, Center of State Assets Management of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources as the Accounting Unit Budget Authority, and Special Work Unit for Upstream Oil and Gas as the controller unit of upstream activities of oil and gas industry in Indonesia. DJKN also needs to discuss with other related parties concerning the need to rule security and maintenance costs of the assets from PSC of oil and gas upstream industry of which the contract has been expired. "

"ABSTRAKStudi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konten dari pengungkapan manajemen risiko dan menguji hubungan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas pengungkapan manajemen risiko. Faktor-faktor tersebut terdiri dari leverage, risiko perusahaan, dan ukuran perusahaan. Analisis konten dilakukan dengan melakukan pengkodean pada setiap kalimat pengungkapan manajemen risiko berdasarkan pedoman dari penelitian terdahulu. Untuk menguji hubungan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas pengungkapan manajemen risiko, dilakukan dengan regresi OLS. Sampel pada penelitian ini meliputi perusahaan publik yang terdaftar pada indeks LQ 45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI periode Februari hingga Juli tahun 2015 dan 2017. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan kualitas pengungkapan manajemen pada laporan tahunan perusahaan Indonesia cenderung membaik. Faktor yang terbukti memengaruhi kualitas pengungkapan manajemen risiko ialah risiko perusahaan dan ukuran perusahaan. Sedangkan, untuk tingkat leverage tidak terbukti memiliki pengaruh dengan kualitas pengungkapan manajemen risiko.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the content of risk management disclosure and to examine factors affecting the quality of risk management disclosure. These factors consist of leverage, corporate risk, and firm size. Content analysis is performed by encoding each risk management disclosure sentence based on the guidelines of previous research. OLS regression is used to examine factors affecting the quality of risk management disclosure. The sample of this research is companies listed on the LQ 45 index in Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX for the period from February to July 2015 and 2017. The results of this study indicate that the overall quality of management disclosure in the annual report of Indonesian companies tends to improve. Based on the evidence from the study, factors that affect the quality of risk management disclosure are company risk and firm size. Whereas, evidence from this study does not support any effect of leverage on risk management disclosure quality."

"Confidence and strong motivation are keys of better management reformation. It is also Similar with taxation, because despite the good consequences of a reformation on substantive provision on taxation, if it is not followed by moral reform of tax officer and taxpayer, it seems inadequate to measure the success of overall tax reform.The key word of tax collection using self assessment system is taxpayer voluntary compliance. The problem is that voluntary compliance is a product of mental with its self continues learning process based on equality. Paradigm of assessment which uses aspect of power must be replaced and switched to any efforts applying educational aspects on taxpayer in general meaning such as training, servicing, and coaching.Tax audit done by fiscus in assessing the overpaid tax assessment restitution of PPN of taxable business person is a safeguard mechanism in the tax administration. However, in operational level there is a trade off on compliance level of taxable business person to end the assessment. That phenomenon is one of organizational adaptation strategies on their environment. In the theory of organisation it is called contingency theory which is a model or tool of management organisation that must be suited with its environment in order to reach their success. Organisational contingency on its environment is a modern approach which can explain that in a certain situation, an Organisation which can give a paying-off will survive and prosper.The principal of contingency theory explains that the approach of the goal of organisation is influenced by value and also preference of the leader of organisation that is if there is a clear output and transformation processes, hence the criteria of efficiency cost to reach the goal will be applied. The implementation is that taxable business person as an organisation will use some part off buffers and boundary spanning in facing audit done by fiscus when they assess PPN overpaid restitution.This research is an associative research which is identifying the level of symmetric relation between variables that reveal concurrently. It is not a causal or interactive relation using a quantitative approach. A survey is applied on respondents who are taxable business person in the audit result report on their restitution assessment in the period of 2005. There are 27 respondents according to the report. The technique of data collection is questionnaire to identify the score or value of the compliance level of the respondents. Thus, the relation of variable of compliance level and efficiency of their tax administration is analysed using Spearman Rank Correlation.Base on the research, there is an efficiency of tax administration done by respondent as an implementation of contingency, which are 1) preference as the main factor for the leader of the company of the taxable business person is on the criteria of cost efficiency and time to finish the assessment of overpaid PPN restitution; and 2) the utilisation of tax consultant or other outsource as part of the buffer for uncertainty and the existence of a specific unit in the structure or special staff in the organisation to handle their tax obligation as a part of boundary spanning facing the assessment of overpaid PPN restitution.The recommendation from the research is that 1) compliance level has an economic value for taxable business person that must be part of their mission to increase their compliance into voluntary compliance, and not only the duty of fiscus or the directorate; 2) the directorate as the policy maker should put forward the ongoing concern life of taxpayer rather that focuses on fullilling the income target. For example, if fiscus prioritize the formality rather than substance of tax inconte (form over substance), as a result distortion will take place as a double taxation (cascading effect) because the discreditable income tax is more dominant than formality aspects or requirements."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini ingin melihat hubungan antara relationship contingency of self-worth dengan kepuasan hubungan romantis pada orang yang berpacaran. Relationship contingency of self-worth yang dapat diartikan sebagai perbedaan individu dalam menganggap pentingnya hubungan romantis dalam membentuk self-esteem nya akan memengaruhi dinamika hubungan romantisnya. Dinamika dan evaluasi hubugan ini dapat dilihat dari kepuasan hubungan romantisnya. Relationship contingency of self-worth diukur menggunakan relationship contingency of self-worth scale, dan kepuasan hubungan romantis diukur menggunakan Relationship Assesment Scale. Kedua alat ukur sudah diadaptasikan ke Bahasa Indonesia. Partisipan pada penelitian adalah orang yang sedang berpacaran, berusia dewasa muda yaitu 19-35 tahun, dan sedang berdomisili di Jabodetabek. Jumlah partisipan yang didapatkan sebanyak 483 orang. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara relationship contingency of self-worth dengan kepuasan hubungan romantis pada dewasa muda yang berpacaran (r = 0.121, p< 0.005).

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ABSTRACTThis research would like to observe the correlation between relationship contingency of self-worth and the satisfactory of romantic relationships in couples who are dating. Relationship contingency of self-worth could be explained as an individual difference in assuming the importance of romantic relationship in creating the self-esteem in which would influence the dynamic of the romantic relationship. The dynamic and evaluation of the correlation could be observed from the satisfactory of the romantic relationship. Relationship contingency of self-worth is measured using the relationship contingency of self-worth scale, whereas the satisfactory of romantic relationship is measured using Relationship Assesment Scale. Both measuring tools have been adapted to Bahasa Indonesia. Participants in the following research are those who are young adults age 19-35, dating at present time, and is currently living in Jabodetabek. The number of participants gathered were 483 people. Findings of the research showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the relationship contingency of self-worth and the satisfactory of romantic relationship in young adults who are dating (r = 0.121, p< 0.005)."

"Risiko operasional merupakan salah satu jenis risiko pada perbankan yang wajib dikelola dengan baik karena sifatnya yang melekat pada setiap aktifitas fungsional bank. Dalam pengelolaan risiko operasional, bank dipersyaratkan untuk memperhitungkan kerugian yang diperkirakan dan kerugian yang tidak diperkirakan dalam kebutuhan modal bagi risiko operasional. Kebutuhan modal bagi risiko operasional ini dikenal sebagai Economic Capital (EC). Komite Basel dalam aturan Basel II, memberikan tiga pendekatan dalam perhitungan EC salah satunya pendekatan Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA). Metode AMA yang banyak digunakan adalah metode Loss Distribution Approach (LDA). Dalam metode LDA, bank harus mengestimasi loss severity distribution (distribusi severitas) dan loss frequency distribution (distribusi frekuensi) kemudian membentuk aggregate loss distribution dari gabungan kedua distribusi tersebut. Nilai EC dengan metode LDA didapat dari Value at Risk (VaR) pada aggregate loss distribution dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99,9%. Permasalahan dari metode LDA saat ini adalah dalam mengestimasi distribusi severitas masih berbasis pada suatu model distribusi tertentu, padahal banyak kasus dimana data tidak dapat digambarkan dengan baik oleh suatu model distribusi yang sudah ada. Oleh karena itu, dalam tulisan ini akan dijelaskan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut, yaitu dengan mengestimasi distribusi severitas berbasis pada data. Metode yang digunakan adalah Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). KDE merupakan suatu pendekatan statistika non-parametrik untuk mengestimasi fungsi distribusi probabilitas dari suatu variabel acak jika diasumsikan bentuk atau model distribusi dari variabel acak tersebut tidak diketahui. Hasil dari penelitian adalah estimasi distribusi severitas oleh KDE lebih baik dalam menggambarkan data dibandingkan dengan menggunakan model distribusi tertentu. Nilai EC yang dihasilkan oleh metode LDA yang menggunakan KDE lebih kecil 1,6 – 3,2% dibandingkan nilai EC yang dihasilkan oleh metode LDA yang menggunakan model distribusi tertentu.

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Operational risk is one kind of risk on banking which must be managed well because of its character is inherent in every fungtional activity in Bank. In the management of operasional risk, Bank must be able to calculate a predictable loss and an unpredictable loss in capital requisite for operasional risk. The capital requisite in operasional risk is known as Economic Capital (EC). In the regulation of Basel II, Committee Basel gives three approaches of calculation in EC. One of that is Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA). In AMA method that is the most used in approach is Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) method. In LDA method, Bank must be able to estimate loss severity distribution (severity distribution) and loss frequency distribution (frequency distribution) and aggregate loss distribution is formed from both of them. Through LDA method, the value at EC can be gotten from Value at Risk (VaR) in aggregate loss distribution with the level of confidence reaches 99,9%. The problem from LDA method recently is in estimation a severity distribution which is still refers to a model on particular distribution whereas there are many cases which can not describe a data well through a distribution model that has been there. Therefore, in this paper, it will be explained how to face or the good solution from that problem. The good solution to face it is through estimation severity distribution that is refers to the data with using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method. KDE is a statistic approach non- parametric to estimate the function of distribution from disordered variabel that has not known. The result on this research is estimation of severity distribution through KDE is better than another in describing the data. LDA method using KDE is smaller the value at EC 1,6 % - 3,2 % than the value at EC using another distribution model in LDA method."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris pengaruh pengungkapan Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan Return on Asset (ROA), pengaruh pengungkapan ERM terhadap nilai perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan Tobin’s Q Ratio, dan menguji pengaruh mediasi ROA atas hubungan ERM terhadap Tobin’s Q Ratio. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Index IDX80 tahun 2019. Data nonkeuangan yang terkait pengungkapan ERM diperoleh dari laporan tahunan menggunakan pendekatan content analysis, sedangkan data keuangan terkait ROA dan Tobin’s Q Ratio diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan dan situs Bursa Efek Indonesia. Selanjutnya pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier dengan tingkat signifikansi 5 persen. Hasil penelitian pada 69 sampel perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh signifikan atas penerapan ERM terhadap ROA, dan ditemukan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan atas penerapan ERM terhadap Tobin’s Q Ratio, disamping itu ROA berpengaruh positif terhadap Tobin’s Q Ratio. Meskipun tidak ditemukan bukti bahwa penerapan ERM berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan, penerapan ERM direspon secara negatif menunjukkan bahwa informasi yang diberikan perusahaan dalam laporan tahunan perusahaan terkait pengelolaan risiko gagal direspon sebagai sinyal positif oleh investor. Selain itu, ERM mampu secara langsung mempengaruhi Tobin’s Q Ratio tanpa memerlukan mediator dari ROA.

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This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) disclosure on company profitability proxied by ROA, effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) disclosure on company values proxied by Tobin’s Q Ratio, and evaluate whether ROA mediates the relationship between ERM and Tobin's Q Ratio. The population in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on the IDX80 Index in 2019. We gather non-financial data related to ERM disclosure from annual reports using the content analysis approach and financial data associated with ROA and Tobin's Q Ratio from its annual financial statements and the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. We tested the hypothesis using linear regression analysis with a significance level of 5 percent. The results of the study on 69 sample companies showed there is no significant effect on the application of ERM on ROA, but there was a significant negative effect on ERM's application to Tobin's Q Ratio, Meanwhile, the ROA itself has a positive effect on Tobin's Q. Despite there is no evidence that the application of ERM has a negative effect on company profitability, the application of ERM responded negatively indicating that the information provided by the company in the company's annual report regarding risk management failed to be responded as a positive signal by investors. Moreover, ERM is able to directly influence Tobin's Q Ratio without requiring a mediator from ROA."

"[ABSTRAKDirektorat Informasi Kepabeanan dan Cukai (DIKC) merupakan unit TIK pada Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai yang berkewajiban memberikan dukungan pelayanan publik yang optimal. Untuk memenuhi hal tersebut, setiap pegawai DIKC harus mendukung penuh dengan memanfaatkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki. Namun pengetahuan pegawai yang tidak merata serta pola mutasi yang diberlakukan di DIKC menyebabkan beberapa permasalahan yaitu kesenjangan kemampuan antara pegawai, hilangnya sumber daya TIK yang berpengalaman dan atau sebaliknya menghambat karir pegawai yang bersangkutan. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan sebuah solusi untuk menjaga kualitas pelayanan DIKC meskipun pegawai yang berkompeten dimutasi dan untuk menghindari ketergantungan DIKC kepada pegawai tertentu. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan metode fernandez untuk menilai faktor kontingensi organisasi, Organizational Culture Assesment Instrument (OCAI) untuk menilai budaya organisasi dan knowledge audit untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan rancangan model Knowledge Management System (KMS) yang optimal sehingga mendukung kegiatan knowledge management (KM) di DIKC. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah prioritas proses KM yang akan diterapkan yaitu Combination, Internalization, Direction, Socialization for knowledge sharing, dan Exchange. Dari proses KM ini kemudian didapatkan fitur yang dikembangkan sebagai fitur KMS DIKC yaitu wiki, manajemen dokumen, forum diskusi, FAQ (Frequently Asked Question), dan e-learning.

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ABSTRACTDirectorate of Information for Customs and Excise (DIKC) is an ICT unit at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise which is responsible to provide optimal support for public services. To fulfill that, every employee of DIKC must support it by utilizing their knoweledge. However, the knowledge disparity among employees and the transfer patterns that are imposed in DIKC cause some problems, i.e. capability gap among employees, deficit of experienced ICT personnel or even impediment of employees? career. So we need a solution to maintain DIKC service quality although competent employees are transferred and to avoid dependence on certain employees in DIKC. The study was designed using Fernandez?s method to assess organizational contingency factors, organizational culture assessment instrument (OCAI) to assess the organizational culture and knowledge audit to identify organizational knowledge. This study aims at producing a model design of optimal Knowledge Management System (KMS) so as to support knowledge management (KM) activities in DIKC. The result of this research is a KM process priority to be applied, i.e. Combination, Internalization, Direction, Socialization for knowledge sharing, and Exchange. From this KM process, features are obtained to be developed as the KMS DIKC features, specifically wiki, document management, discussion forums, FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), and e-learning., Directorate of Information for Customs and Excise (DIKC) is an ICT unit at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise which is responsible to provide optimal support for public services. To fulfill that, every employee of DIKC must support it by utilizing their knoweledge. However, the knowledge disparity among employees and the transfer patterns that are imposed in DIKC cause some problems, i.e. capability gap among employees, deficit of experienced ICT personnel or even impediment of employees’ career. So we need a solution to maintain DIKC service quality although competent employees are transferred and to avoid dependence on certain employees in DIKC. The study was designed using Fernandez’s method to assess organizational contingency factors, organizational culture assessment instrument (OCAI) to assess the organizational culture and knowledge audit to identify organizational knowledge. This study aims at producing a model design of optimal Knowledge Management System (KMS) so as to support knowledge management (KM) activities in DIKC. The result of this research is a KM process priority to be applied, i.e. Combination, Internalization, Direction, Socialization for knowledge sharing, and Exchange. From this KM process, features are obtained to be developed as the KMS DIKC features, specifically wiki, document management, discussion forums, FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), and e-learning.]"

"Proyek konstruksi yang dikelola dengan model EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) Design & Build memiliki banyak resiko dan ketidakpastian yang dialami oleh kontraktor EPC. Hasil analisa resiko mendapatkan 17 jenis resiko. Resiko akan menimbulkan dampak biaya yang disebut biaya contingency. Perhitungan biaya contingency dilakukan dengan metode yang diusulkan AACE yaitu range estimating, expected value, dan parametric estimating. Perhitungan basis biaya contingency menghasilkan angka Rp. 19,580,136,424. Metode range estimating yang dikombinasikan dengan perangkat lunak crystal ball menghasilkan biaya contingency antara 2,82% sampai 4,21% sedangkan metode expected value yang dikombinasikan dengan perangkat lunak crystal ball menghasilkan biaya contingency antara 2,98% sampai 3,25%. Metode parametric estimating menghasilkan rumus untuk perhitungan biaya contingency dari komponen dasar biaya proyek. Resiko keterlambatan jadwal proyek adalah resiko yang paling sensitif di antara faktor - faktor resiko yang teridentifikasi sedangkan resiko inflasi adalah resiko yang kurang sensitif di antara faktor - faktor resiko tersebut.

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Construction project managed by the model EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) Design & Build has many risks and uncertainties faced by the EPC Contractor. The results of risk analysis is 17 types of risk. Risks will have impact to the cost which called contingency cost. Contingency cost calculation performed by the recommended practice of AACE which are range estimating, expected value, and parametric estimating. Calculation of the basis of contingency cost is Rp. 19,580,136,424. Method of range estimating which combined with software crystal ball generates contingency cost between 2.82% to 4.21% to net project cost, while the expected value method combined with the software crystal ball generates contingency cost between 2.98% to 3.25% to net project cost. Parametric estimating method produced a formula for calculating the cost contingency from basic cost components of the project. The risk of delays in the project schedule is a risk that the most sensitive among the risk factors identified for the project while the inflation is the risk that is less sensitive among the risk factors"