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"Latar Belakang: Karies yang menyerang anak-anak dibawah 71 bulan dikenal dengan Early childhood caries ECC . Salah satu bakteri yang mendominasi penyebab ECC adalah Streptococcus mutans dan sistem imun yang berperan dalam pencegahan karies adalah IgA. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan level IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype f dengan viskositas dan dmft pada stimulated saliva dan unstimulated saliva pasien ECC. Metode: Level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype f di ukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Analisis stastistik dengan uji Spearman didapatkan korelasi negatif antara level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype f dan indeks dmft, pada stimulated saliva r= -0.471; p=0.286 dan pada unstimulated saliva r= -0.529; p=0.408 , hasil korelasi antara level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype f dan viskositas stimulated saliva adalah korelasi positif r=0,417; p=0.352 . Level IgA anti-S. mutans stimulated saliva lebih rendah daripada unstimulated saliva P=0.127. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan negatif antara level IgA anti-S.mutans serotype f dengan indeks dmft pada stimulated saliva dan unstimulated saliva pasien ECC, serta terdapat korelasi positif antara level IgA anti-S.mutans serotype f dengan viskositas saliva pada stimulated saliva, tetap secara statisik tidak bermakna. Level IgA anti-S. mutans stimulated saliva lebih rendah daripada unstimulated saliva tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype f stimulated saliva dan unstimulated saliva.

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Background: Early childhood caries ECC is caries which affects in children aged 71 months or younger. One of the bacteria that dominates the formation of ECC is Streptococcus mutans. The immune system that plays a role in the formation of caries is IgA.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between level of IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype f with viscosity and dmft in stimulated saliva and unstimulated saliva of ECC patients.

Methods: Level of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f was measured using ELISA method. Results based on Spearman test, there was a negative correlation between level of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f and dmft index in stimulated saliva r 0.471 p 0.286 and unstimulated saliva r 0.529 p 0.408.

Results: The result correlation levels of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f and viscosity of saliva was positive r 0.417 p 0.352 . Level of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f in stimulated saliva was lower than unstimulated saliva p 0.127.

Conclusion: There was a negative correlation between the levels of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f and dmft index in saliva stimulated and unstimulated saliva of ECC patients and positive correlation between the levels of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f and viscosity of stimulated saliva. However, there were no significantly difference. The levels of IgA anti S. mutans serotype f stimulated was lower than unstimulated saliva, but not significantly difference."

"Latar balakang: Early Childhood Caries seringkali dijumpai pada anak-anak dalam rentang usia kurang dari 71 bulan. Diduga kuat bakteri Streptococcus Mutans serotipe e menjadi bakteri penyebab terjadinya ECC. Imunoglobulin A (IgA) berperan didalam mulut sebagai penghambat kolonisasi dari bakteri penyebab karies gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis keterkaitan titer IgA anti S .mutans serotipe e terhadap viskositas saliva dan skor dmft pasien Early Childhood Caries. Metode: 15 subjek ECC dari saliva pasien yang terdiri dari 8 saliva terstimulasi dan 7 saliva tidak terstimulasi yang dihitung titer IgA anti S. mutans serotipe e menggunakan teknik ELISA. Keterkaitan antara level IgA dengan viskositas saliva dan skor dmft pasien ECC dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil: Level IgA pada saliva yang terstimulasi lebih rendah daripada level saliva tidak terstimulasi. Adanya hubungan bermakna antara level IgA dengan viskositas saliva (r = 0.766). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna (r >0.005) antara level IgA dengan skor dmft (r= -0.413). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang positif dan bermakna antara level IgA anti S. mutans serotipe e dengan viskositas saliva. Terdapat hubungan negatif dan tidak bermakna antara level IgA anti S. mutans serotipe e dengan skor dmft pasien ECC. Selain itu, titer IgA anti S. mutans serotipe e pada saliva tidak terstimulasi ditemukan lebih tinggi daripada saliva yang terstimulasi tetapi tidak bermakna.

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Background: Early Childhood caries is often found in children in the age range of less than 71 months. Allegedly bacteria Streptococcus mutans serotype e took a stake in the process of formation or the occurrence of ECC. One of the body's natural defense line is immunoglobulin A (IgA). Objective: To analyze the relationship level of IgA anti-bacterial S .mutans serotype e on the viscosity of saliva and saliva dmft score of patients Early Childhood caries. Methods: 15 patients saliva samples ECC consists of 8 saliva stimulated and unstimulated saliva 7 calculated level of IgA anti bacteria S. mutans serotype e. Observations were made using ELISA technique. IgA levels were then analyzed its association with the viscosity of saliva and saliva of patients ECC dmft score. Results: Stimulated saliva ECC patients had IgA levels were lower than unstimulated saliva levels and found no significant correlation (r> 0.005) between salivary IgA level ECC patients with a viscosity of saliva and dmft score. Conclusion: There were no significant correlation and positive correlation between levels of IgA anti S. mutans serotype e dmft score saliva of patients with ECC. Obtained a positive correlation and significant correlation between the viscosity of saliva to the value level of IgA anti S. mutans serotype e. Unstimulated saliva had IgA level anti S. mutans serotype e higher than the stimulated saliva but there was no significantly difference."

"Early childhood caries ECC merupakan keadaan terdapatnya satu atau lebih gigi karies, hilang atau ditambal pada anak dengan usia kurang dari 71 bulan. Streptococcus mutans serotype c merupakan bakteri utama penyebab ECC. Imunoglobulin A dan saliva berperan pada pencegahan terbentuknya biofilm pada permukaan gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis level IgA anti-Streptococcus mutans serotype c serta korelasinya dengan viskositas dan skor dmft pada saliva pasien ECC. Metode: Level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype c dari 11 sampel saliva pasien ECC di ukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Nilai absorbansi dibaca pada panjang gelombang 405 nm. Level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype c kemudian dikorelasikan dengan data skor dmft dan viskositas saliva pasien ECC. Hasil: Level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype c saliva terstimulasi adalah 4,6 sedangkan saliva tidak terstimulasi adalah 6. Level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype c pada saliva kental dan encer berturut turut adalah 6 dan 3,5. Peningkatan skor dmft tidak di ikuti dengan penurunan level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype c. Kesimpulan: Pada pasien ECC, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara level IgA anti-S. mutans serotype c saliva terstimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi. Terdapat korelasi positif antara level IgA anti-S.mutans serotype c dengan viskositas saliva pasien ECC, sedangkan dengan skor dmft pasien ECC diperoleh korelasi negatif.

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Background: Early Childhood Caries is the presence of one or more decayed, missing or filled tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. Streptococcus mutans serotype c is the main causes of ECC. Salivary Immunoglobulin A inhibit the biofilm formation of S. mutans serotype c on the tooth surface.

Objective: To analyze Immunoglobulin A anti Streptococcus mutans serotype c level and the correlation towards saliva viscosity and dmft score of ECC patients.

Methods: Levels of IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype c calculated from 11 saliva sample of ECC patients using ELISA methods. Absorbance readings conducted at 405 nm wavelength. Levels of IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype c then correlated with saliva viscosity and dmft score of ECC patients.

Result: Levels of IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype c in stimulated saliva is 4.6, while unstimulated saliva is 6. Levels of IgA anti S. mutans serotype c in high and low saliva viscosity. The escalation of dmft score causes a decrease in the levels of IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype c.

Conclusion: There's no significant differences of IgA anti S.mutans serotype c level in stimulated and unstimulated saliva. There is a positive correlation between IgA anti Streptococcus mutans serotype c levels with saliva viscosity of ECC patients, while dmft score of ECC patients has negative correlations."

"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak. Saliva berkaitan penting dengan patogenesis ECC dan protein saliva kemungkinan mempunyai kaitan dengan kejadian ECC. Tujuan: Menganalisis level protein saliva yang diisolasi dari anak dengan ECC Metode: sampel saliva yang terstimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi diambil dari anak ECC. Konsentrasi protein saliva ditetapkan dengan metoda Bradford assay. Hasil: tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi protein saliva tersimulasi dan tidak terstimulasi pada anak dengan ECC (two tail test, p≤0.05).

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Background: Early Childhood Caries ( ECC ) is one of the common health problems in children. Saliva has connection with the occurence of ECC and salivary proteins is probably related to the occurrence. Objective: to Analyze the level of proteins isolated from stimulated and unstimulated saliva taken from children with ECC. Methods: stimulated an unstimulated saliva samples were taken from children, age 3-5 years old, with ECC. Salivary protein levels were determained using Bradford Assay. Results: there is no consentration difference between protein consentration in stimulated and unstimulated saliva in children with ECC ( two- tail test, p≤0.05)"

"Latar belakang: Early childhood caries adalah penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling umum dan paling sering terjadi pada anak-anak diseluruh dunia. Saliva berfungsi dalam menjaga kesehatan mulut dan homeostasis, serta berperan dalam sistem pertahanan terhadap karies gigi yaitu melalui efek pembersihan, kapasitas buffer, agen antimikroba, serta sebagai penampung ion kalsium dan fosfat untuk remineralisasi lesi karies awal. Nitric oxide yang terdapat dalam saliva memiliki efek antimikroba yang dapat menyebabkan autoinhibisi bakteri-bakteri kariogenik penyebab karies. Tujuan: Mengkaji konsentrasi nitric oxide pada saliva anak dengan early childhood caries dan bebas karies ditinjau dari skor dmf-t serta korelasi antara laju alir saliva, viskositas saliva dengan aktivitas karies anak melalui tinjauan pustaka. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan sepanjang bulan Desember 2020-Januari 2021. Pencarian literatur terkait dilakukan melalui 2 database elektronik, yaitu PubMed dan ProQuest dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang sesuai dengan pertanyaan penelitian. Penentuan literatur inklusi dilakukan dengan mengikuti alur PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), sehingga didapatkan literatur yang menggunakan bahasa inggris, dipublikasikan dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tersedia dalam full-text, serta sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil: Terdapat 4 literatur yang terpilih. 3 buah literatur memaparkan bahwa konsentrasi nitric oxide secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada anak yang bebas karies, dibandingkan anak dengan early childhood caries. 1 buah literatur memaparkan bahwa terdapat penurunan laju alir dan peningkatan viskositas saliva (viskositas kental) pada anak dengan early childhood caries. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi nitric oxide lebih tinggi pada anak yang bebas karies dibandingkan anak dengan early childhood caries. Penurunan konsentrasi NO di saliva dapat menyebabkan peningkatan pada keparahan karies

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Background: Early childhood caries is a disease of the teeth and mouth that is most common and most often occurs in children around the world. Saliva functions to maintain oral health and homeostasis, and plays a role in the defense system against dental caries, namely through its cleaning effect, buffer capacity, antimicrobial agents, as well as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions for remineralization of early carious lesions. The content of nitric oxide in saliva has an antimicrobial effect which can cause autoinhibition of cariogenic bacteria that cause caries. Objective: Study nitric oxide concentration in saliva of children with early childhood caries and caries-free in terms of the dmf-t score and the correlation between salivary flow rate, salivary viscosity and caries activity of children through literature review. Methods: This research was carried out during December 2020-January 2021. The search for related literature was carried out through 2 electronic databases, namely PubMed and ProQuest using keywords that match the research question. The determination of inclusion literature was carried out by following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes), so that literature in English was obtained, published in the last 10 years, available in full text, and in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: There are 4 selected literatures. 3 pieces of literature describe that concentrations nitric oxide were significantly higher in caries-free children, compared to children with early childhood caries. 1 piece of literature describes that there is a decrease in flow rate and an increase in salivary viscosity (thick viscosity) in children with early childhood caries. Conclusion: Nitric oxide concentration was higher in caries-free children compared to children with early childhood caries. Decreasing the NO concentration in saliva can lead to an increase in caries severity."

"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) adalah karies yang menyerang anak-anak pada umur dibawah 71 bulan, sedangkan Severe – Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) adalah ECC yang keparahannya ekstensif. Salah satu faktor utama terjadinya ECC adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan progresitifitas dari ECC dapat didukung oleh adanya jamur Candida albicans, tetapi hubungan antara Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, dan tingkat karies masih dipertanyakan. Tujuan: Mengetahui kuantitas dan hubungan antara antigen Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan Candida albicans dari plak gigi yang dikorelasikan dengan OHI-S dan dmft pada pasien ECC dan S-ECC. Metode: Kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan Candida albicans dari 37 sampel plak gigi pasien ECC dan S-ECC diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Nilai optical density dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 450 nm kemudian dikorelasikan dengan OHI-S dan kategori ECC serta S-ECC. Hasil: Analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji Mann – Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans serotipe c pada kelompok sampel ECC dan S-ECC didapatkan nilai p=0,424. Sedangkan uji Independent T test untuk menguji perbedaan kuantitas Candida albicans pada kelompok sampel ECC dan S-ECC didapatkan nilai p=0,535. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian Mann Whitney untuk menganalisis perbedaan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans serotipe c pada kelompok sampel OHI-S sedang dan OHI-S baik dan didapatkan nilai p=0,070. Untuk menguji kuantitas Candida albicans pada kelompok sampel OHI-S sedang dan OHI-S baik menggunakan uji independent T test didapatkan nilai p=0,353. Hasil analisis uji korelasi Spearman antara kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan Candida albicans pada kategori ECC didapatkan hasil korelasi linier negatif kuat (r=-0,900 ; p=0,037). Serta hasil analisis uji korelasi Pearson antara kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan Candida albicans pada kategori S-ECC didapatkan hasil kecenderungan korelasi linier positif lemah (r=0,018 ; p=0,923). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kuantitas Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan Candida albicans yang diambil dari plak gigi pasien ECC dan S-ECC serta pada beberapa derajat OHIS dan terdapat hubungan antara antigen Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan Candida albicans dari plak gigi ECC dan S-ECC.

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Background: Childhood Caries (ECC) is caries that attacks children under the age of 71 months, while Severe - Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) is an ECC of extensive severity. One of the main factors of ECC is the Streptococcus mutans and the progression of ECC can be supported by the presence of the Candida albicans, but the relationship between Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and ECC is still questionable. Objective: To determine the quantity and relationship between Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens from dental plaque correlated with OHI-S and dmft in ECC and S-ECC patients. Methods: The quantity of Streptococcus mutans antigens serotype c and Candida albicans from 37 dental plaque samples of ECC and S-ECC patients were measured using the ELISA method. Optical density values ​​were detected at a wavelength of 450 nm and then correlated with OHI-S and ECC and S-ECC categories. Results: Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test to test differences in the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c in the ECC and S-ECC sample groups showed a value of p = 0.424. While the Independent T test to test differences in the quantity of Candida albicans in the ECC and S-ECC sample groups obtained p = 0.535. Mann Whitney test was then performed to see differences in the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c in the moderate OHI-S and good OHI-S sample groups and obtained p = 0.070. To test the quantity of Candida albicans in the moderate OHI-S and good OHI-S sample groups both using the independent T test, p = 0.353 was obtained. Spearman correlation test analysis results between the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens in the ECC category showed strong negative linear correlation results (r = -0,900; p = 0.037). And the results of the Pearson correlation test analysis between the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans antigens in the S-ECC category showed a positive weak linear correlation trend (r = 0.018; p = 0.923). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and Candida albicans taken from the dental plaque of ECC and S-ECC patients and to some degree of OHIS and there was a relationship between Streptococcus mutans serotype c antigens and Candida albicans from ECC dental plaque and S-ECC."

"Latar Belakang: Pada tahun 2018 ditemukan angka prevalensi karies anak di Indonesia mencapai 90,2%. Sebelumnya saliva diketahui dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker karies dengan menguji kuantitatif bakteri, identitas konsentrasi protein, karakteristik psikokimia serta karakteristik biokimia. Tujuan: Menganalisis konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada saliva anak ECC (early childhood caries) dan bebas karies serta kaitannya dengan skor dmf-t, OHI-S, viskositas saliva dan laju alir saliva. Metode: Mengukur konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada 33 sampel saliva anak tersimpan (22 sampel saliva anak ECC dan 11 sampel saliva anak bebas karies) dengan ELISA. Hasil: Analisis Mann Whitney antara konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada saliva ECC dan anak bebas karies didapatkan nilai p=0 serta didapatkan nilai p=0 dan r= -0,641 saat dilakukan analisis Spearman. Analisis Kruskal Wallis pada konsentrasi malondialdehyde anak dengan skor dmf-t berbeda didapatkan nilai p=0,014 serta didapat nilai p=0,004 dan r=0,488 saat dilakukan analisis Spearman. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna serta korelasi antara konsentrasi malondialdehyde terhadap skor OHI-S, viskositas dan laju alir saliva berbeda. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada saliva anak ECC berbeda dengan konsentrasi malondialdehyde anak bebas karies, semakin tinggi konsentrasi malondialdehyde maka semakin parah karies yang dialami anak. Anak dengan skor dmf- t yang berbeda memiliki konsentrasi malondialdehyde yang berbeda pula. Semakin tinggi skor dmf-t semakin tinggi pula konsentrasi malondialdehyde. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada anak bebas karies dan ECC terhadap skor OHI- S, viskositas saliva dan laju alir saliva.

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Background: In 2018, prevalence rate of children’s caries in Indonesia reached 90,2%. Previously, saliva was known as a caries biomarker by testing quantitative bacteria, protein concentration identity, psychochemical and biochemical characteristics. Objective: Analyze malondialdehyde concentration in children’s saliva with ECC (early childhood caries) and caries-free and its relation to dmf-t score, OHI-S, salivary viscosity and salivary flow rate. Methods: Measuring malondialdehyde concentration from 33 stored children’s saliva samples (22 samples ECC and 11 samples caries-free) using ELISA. Results: Mann Whitney analysis between malondialdehyde concentration from ECC children’s saliva and caries free children obtained p=0 and then p=0, r= -0,641 for Spearman analysis. Kruskal Wallis analysis of malondialdehyde concentrations in children with different dmf-t scores obtained p=0,014 and p=0,004, r=0,488 for Spearman analysis. There was no significant difference and there was no significant correlation between malondialdehyde concentration and OHI-S score, viscosity and different salivary flow rates. Conclusion: Malondialdehyde concentration in ECC children’s saliva was different from malondialdehyde concentration in caries free children, higher malondialdehyde concentration show worse caries experienced in children. Children with different dmf-t scores had different malondialdehyde concentrations. Higher dmf-t score show higher malondialdehyde concentration. There was no relation between malondialdehyde concentration in caries-free children and ECC to OHI-S score, salivary viscosity and salivary flow rate."

"Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak terjadi di dunia. Saliva memiliki berbagai peran di dalam rongga mulut yang berhubungan dengan karies. Total Antioxidant Capacity berperan dalam melindungi tubuh dari berbagai kondisi patologis. Tujuan: Menganalisis konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity pada saliva bebas karies dan early childhood caries dihubungkan dengan OHI-S, dmf-t, serta viskositas dan laju alir saliva. Metode: Sampel saliva tersimpan sebanyak 33 sampel yang diperoleh dari anak usia di bawah 71 bulan dengan kondisi bebas karies dan early childhood caries diuji dengan menggunakan total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak bebas karies dan early childhood caries, terdapat korelasi linier positif sedang antara konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak dengan skor dmf-t, tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak dengan kategori OHI-S baik dan sedang, laju alir saliva tinggi dan sedang, serta viskositas saliva encer dan kental. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity pada saliva early childhood caries lebih tinggi dibandingkan bebas karies.

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Background: Dental caries is a common disease worldwide. Saliva has a big role in oral cavity associated with dental caries. Total Antioxidant Capacity has a role to protect the body from any pathological condition. Objective: Analysing Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration of Early Childhood Caries and Caries Free saliva and its relation to OHI-S, dmf-t, and salivary flow rate and viscosity. Method: 33 stored saliva samples of children under 71 month old with early childhood caries and caries free tested using total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Result: There is a significant difference between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of caries free and early childhood caries children, there is a moderate linear positive correlation between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration and dmf-t. There is no difference between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of children with good and moderate OHI-S, high and moderate salivary flow rate, and watery and thick saliva. Conclusion: Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of early childhood caries children is higher than caries free."

"Latar Belakang: Kebersihan rongga mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan perkembangan karies gigi dan periodontitis. Lingkungan rongga mulut yang meliputi saliva mengandung berbagai faktor host defense dengan pH yang dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa hubungan biomarker saliva dengan penyakit rongga mulut dimana pH saliva dapat meningkat atau menurun akibat aktivitas mikroba. Dalam mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri yang berlebihan, nitrat dan nitrit dalam saliva berperan dalam pembentukan nitrogen monoksida (NO) dengan potensi efek protektif, terutama dalam proses fisiologis tubuh manusia. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan pH saliva. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorik dan observasional menggunakan 20 sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda usia 18-30 tahun di provinsi Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta. Sampel saliva subjek diuji dengan Griess Reaction untuk mengukur kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) dan dibaca menggunakan plate reader pada panjang gelombang 600 nm. Selanjutnya, data diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Nilai korelasi antara kadar nitrogen monoksida dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (r) sebesar 0,390 dengan p>0,05 dan nilai korelasi antara kadar nitrogen monoksida dengan pH saliva (r) sebesar -0,53 dengan p>0,05. Kesimpulan: Kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) pada sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan pH saliva, serta tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda baik berdasarkan kategori OHI-S maupun jika dibandingkan dengan sampel saliva kelompok anak.

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Background: Poor oral hygiene can cause the development of dental caries and periodontitis. The oral cavity environment which includes saliva contains various host defense factors with salivary pH which can be used to examine the relationship between salivary biomarkers and oral disease where salivary pH can increase or decrease due to microbial activity. In preventing excessive bacterial growth, nitrates and nitrites in saliva play a role in the formation of nitric oxide (NO) with potential protective effects, especially in the physiological processes of the human body. Aim: To analyze the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) levels on dental and oral hygiene (OHI-S) and salivary pH. Methods: This research is a laboratory and observational study using 20 saliva samples from a group of young adults aged 18-30 years in the provinces of West Java and DKI Jakarta. The subject’s saliva samples were tested with Griess Reaction and read using a plate reader at a wavelength of 600 nm. Furthermore, the data was processed using SPSS. Results: The correlation value of r was 0,390 with p>0,05 between nitric oxide levels and oral hygiene and the correlation value of r was -0,53 with p>0,05 between nitric oxide levels and salivary pH. Conclusion: Nitric oxide (NO) levels in saliva samples from the young adult group are not related to oral hygiene (OHI-S) and salivary pH, and there are no mean differences either based on the OHI-S category or when compared with saliva samples from the children’s group.

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"Latar Belakang: Usia anak dibawah 71 bulan merupakan usia yang penting dalam mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu kesehatan seseorang. Early Childhood Caries (ECC) merupakan penyakit infeksius kronis yang sering terjadi pada anak usia di bawah 71 bulan yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme kariogenik Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans. Indeks kebersihan rongga mulut seperti OHI-S dan keadaan laju alir saliva dapat memengaruhi perkembangan penyakit ECC. Tujuan: menganalisis antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans yang diisolasi dari saliva serta kaitannya dengan OHI-S dan laju alir saliva pasien ECC. Metode: Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans dari saliva diuji menggunakan metode indirect ELISA untuk memperoleh antigen dari kedua mikroorganisme tersebut dan dibaca dengan panjang gelombang 450 nm. Kemudian nilai optical density keduanya dikorelasikan dengan OHI-S dan laju alir saliva pasien ECC. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi positif sangat lemah antara kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans pada seluruh sampel. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans pada kelompok OHI-S baik dan OHI-S sedang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p≥0,05) antara kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans pada kelompok Laju Alir baik dan Laju Alir sedang. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kondisi laju alir saliva dengan kondisi OHI-S pasien ECC. Kesimpulan: Kuantitas antigen Streptococcus mutans serotype e dan Candida albicans lebih tinggi pada pasien dengan kondisi OHI-S sedang dan laju alir saliva sedang.

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Background: Age of children under 71 months is an important age in identifying determinants of a person's health. Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a chronic infectious disease that often occurs in children under 71 months of age caused by cariogenic microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Oral hygiene indexes such as OHI-S and salivary flow rate can influence the development of ECC disease. Objective: Analyzing Streptococcus mutans serotype e and Candida albicans antigens isolated from saliva and its relation to OHI-S and salivary flow rates of ECC patients. Methods: Streptococcus mutans serotype e and Candida albicans from saliva were tested using the indirect ELISA method to obtain antigens from both microorganisms and read with a wavelength of 450 nm. Then the optical density values are both correlated with OHI-S and salivary flow rates of ECC patients. Results: There is a very weak positive correlation between the number of Streptococcus mutans serotype e antigens and Candida albicans in all samples. There is a significant difference (p <0.05) between the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype e and Candida albicans antigens in both OHI-S and moderate OHI-S groups. There is no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype e antigens and Candida albicans in the good flow rate and moderate flow rate groups. There is no significant difference between salivary flow rate conditions and OHI-S conditions in ECC patients. Conclusion: The quantity of Streptococcus mutans serotype e and Candida albicans antigens is higher in patients with moderate OHI-S conditions and moderate salivary flow rates."