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"ABSTRAKPertumbuhan tulang maksila dan mandibula merupakan suatu hal penting untuk diketahui dokter gigi karena dapat dijadikan sebagai panduan dalam menegakkan diagnosis dan menentukan rencana perawatan yang tepat. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran dan perbedaan panjang maksila dan mandibula pasien pria dan wanita pada maloklusi skeletal kelas I, kelas II, dan kelas III. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 42 rekam medik dan sefalogram pasien berusia ge; 18 tahun. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan analisis McNamara. Hasil: Rerata panjang maksila dan mandibula untuk semua kelas maloklusi skeletal menunjukan pria lebih besar daripada wanita. Hasil uji T tidak berpasangan.

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ABSTRAKBackground The growth of maxillary and mandibular bone is an important thing to know the dentist because it can serve as a guide in establishing the diagnosis and determine the proper treatment plan. Objective to know description and differences between maxillary and mandibular length of male and female patients at skeletal malocclusion class I, class II and class III Methods This study used medical records and sefalogram 42 patients aged ge 18. Measurement performed with McNamara rsquo s Analysis. Results The mean length of the maxillary and mandibular for all classes of skeletal malocclusion showed greater men than women. Results unpaired t test."

"Klasifikasi maloklusi yang banyak digunakan dokter gigi adalah maloklusi skeletal (klas I, klas II dan klas III), dental (neutroklusi, distoklusi dan mesioklusi) dan dentoskeletal (kombinasi skeletal-dental).Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi frekuensi maloklusi skeletal, dental dan dentoskeletal pasien klinik spesialis Ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI periode 2003-2009.Metode: 367 rekam medis yang dikelompokkan ke dalam maloklusi skeletal, dental dan dentoskeletal.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Maloklusi skeletal klas I (45,2%), klas II (39,8%) dan klas III (15%). Maloklusi dental neutroklusi (36,8%), distoklusi (35,1%) dan mesioklusi (28,1%). Maloklusi dentoskeletal klas I dengan neutroklusi (19,1%), klas II dengan distoklusi (19,3%) dan klas III dengan mesioklusi (10,1%).

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Malocclusion classification mostly used by dentists are skeletal (class I, class II and class III), dental (neutrocclusion, distocclusion and mesiocclusion) and dentoskeletal malocclusion (combination of skeletal-dental).Purpose: Describe the frequency distribution of skeletal, dental and dentoskeletal malocclusion of Orthodontic Clinic?s patients at RSKGM FKG UI 2003-2009.Method: 367 medical records divided into skeletal, dental and dentoskeletal malocclusion.Result and conclusion: Skeletal malocclusion class I (45.2%), class II (39.8%) and clas III (15%). Dental malocclusion neutrocclusion (36.%), distocclusion (35.1%) and mesiocclusion (28.1%). Dentoskeletal malocclusions: class I with neutrocclusion (19.1%), class II with distocclusion (19.3%) and class III with mesiocclusion (10.1%)."

"Index Of Treatment Need merupakan indeks digunakan untuk menentukan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti yang terdiri dari Dental Health Component dan Aesthetic Index. Dental Health Component menilai keparahan maloklusi dengan mengukur lima komponen yaitu missing teeth, overjet, crossbite, displacement of contact point, dan overbite termasuk openbite dapat disingkat sebagai MOCDO. Dental Health Component dapat menilai secara objektif kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan keparahan maloklusi pasien di klinik spesialis RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2010-2014 yang diukur menggunakan Dental Health Component (DHC) dari Index Of Treatment Need (IOTN). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan sampel berupa 52 pasang model studi dari pasien di Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti RSKGMP FKG UI tahun 2010-2014 menggunakan penilaian berdasarkan DHC dari IOTN. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti pada pasien di Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti RSKGMP FKG UI pada tahun 2010-2014 yaitu 5 orang pasien (9,6%) memiliki kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti yang sedikit (tingkat DHC 2), 16 orang pasien (30,8%) memiliki kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti yang menengah/borderline (tingkat DHC 3), 29 orang pasien (55,8%) yang membutuhkan perawatan ortodonti (tingkat DHC 4), dan 2 orang pasien (3,8%) yang sangat membutuhkan perawatan ortodonti (tingkat DHC 5).

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Index Of Treatment Need is an index that used for determine orthodontic treatment need, it is consist of Dental Health Component and Aesthetic Index. Dental Health Component assess occlusion severity using five components as measurement, that components are missing teeth, overjet, crossbite, displacement of contact point, and overbite including openbite also known as MOCDO. Dental Health Component can assess objectively orthodontic treatment need. This study aimed to find description of orthodontic treatment need based on malocclusion severity on patients from orthodontic specialist clinic of RSKGMP FKG UI in 2010-2014 that being assessed using Dental Health Component (DHC) from Index Of Treatment Need (IOTN). This study is a descriptive study with a sample of 52 pre-treatment dental cast of patients at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of RSKGM FKG UI. The result of this study describe about 2010-2014 are 5 patients (9,6%) have  little treatment need (grade DHC 2), 16 patients (30,8%) have borderline for orthodontic treatment need  (grade DHC 3), 29 patients (55,8%) need for treatment need (grade DHC 4), and  2 patients  (3,8%) have a very great orthodontic treatment need (grade DHC 5)."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kehilangan gigi dan trauma oklusi merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung penyebab penyakit periodontal. Belum ada penelitian mengenai analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal di Indonesia. Tujuan: Memperoleh analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal. Metode: Studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan potong lintang dari rekam medik Departemen Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode 2012-2017. Hasil: Didapatkan 184 subjek yang mengalami kehilangan gigi molar pertama (M1) mandibula dengan jumlah kasus trauma oklusi terjadi pada 42 gigi premolar kedua (P2) mandibula dan 63 gigi molar kedua (M2) mandibula. Trauma oklusi yang terjadi pada P2 dan M2 mandibula memiliki nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan keadaan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi P2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi M2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Kesimpulan: Kehilangan gigi M1 mandibula dengan trauma oklusi berpengaruh terhadap resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada gigi P2 dan M2 mandibula.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Tooth loss and trauma from occlusion are kind of factors that contributing in periodontal disease. There has been no research on the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status in Indonesia. Objective: Get the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status. Method: A cross-sectional study using medical records in Department of Periodontics RSKGM FKG UI 2012-2017. Result: There were 184 subjects that had mandibular first molar (M1) loss with total 42 mandibular second premolar (P2) and 63 mandibular second molar (M2) cases related to trauma from occlusion (TFO). Gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment of P2 and M2 mandibular teeth with TFO were worse than non-TFO. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment between P2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession and loss of attachment between M2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. Conclusion:  Mandibular first molar loss with trauma from occlusion is related to gingival recession, pocket depth, and lost of attachment on mandibular second premolar and mandibular second molar."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."

"Latar Belakang: Maloklusi adalah ketidakteraturan kesejajaran gigi dan/atau hubungan lengkung gigi dengan gigi yang tidak normal yang diakibatkan oleh berbagai faktor dan dapat menyebabkan ketidakpuasan estetika sampai masalah pada segi fungsional. Pasien dengan maloklusi memerlukan perawatan ortodonti salah satunya untuk memperbaiki maloklusi. Inklinasi dan angulasi gigi menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan perawatan ortodonti yang stabil dan optimal. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran sudut inklinasi dan angulasi gigi anterior pada pasien maloklusi skeletal kelas I pasca perawatan ortodonti cekat di klinik spesialis ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI. Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) menggunakan sampel berupa data sekunder rekam medik. Hasil: Dari 96 rekam medik pasien maloklusi kelas I yang telah selesai mendapatkan perawatan ortodonti cekat di Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI, didapatkan rerata sudut U1-SN sebesar 105,60° ± 5,80°, rerata sudut U1-PP sebesar 114,55° ± 6,21°, rerata sudut L1-MP sebesar 93,63° ± 7,94°, dan rerata sudut IMPA adalah sebesar 96,40° ± 7,96°. Rerata angulasi gigi 11 sebesar 89,03° ± 3,26°, rerata angulasi gigi 21 sebesar 90,35° ± 3,07°, rerata angulasi gigi 31 sebesar 89,28° ± 4,33°, dan rerata angulasi gigi 41 sebesar 90,61° ± 5,04°. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian tentang Gambaran Inklinasi dan Angulasi Gigi Anterior pada Pasien Maloklusi Kelas I Pasca Perawatan Ortodonti Cekat di Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI, rerata sudut inklinasi gigi anterior pasien termasuk dalam kisaran nilai normal, kecuali pada sudut IMPA. Rerata sudut angulasi gigi anterior pasien relatif tegak dan paralel.

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Background: Malocclusion is the irregularity of teeth and is considered as oral health problem resulting from various etiological factors causing esthetic dissatisfaction to functional impartment. Patients with malocclusion require orthodontic treatment to correct the malocclusion. Inclination and angulation of teeth are one of the factors that influence the success of stable and optimal orthodontic treatment. Objective: This study aims to describe the inclination and angulation of anterior teeth on class I malocclusion patients after fixed orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of RSKGM FKG UI. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study is done using the secondary data found in the patient’s medical record. Results: From 96 medical records of class I malocclusion patients who have completed fixed orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of RSKGM FKG UI, the mean U1-SN angle is 105.60° ± 5.80°, the mean U1-PP angle is 114.55°. ± 6.21°, the mean angle of L1-MP is 93.63° ± 7.94°, and the mean angle of IMPA is 96.40° ± 7.96°. The mean angulation of tooth 11 is 89.03° ± 3.26°, mean angulation of tooth 21 is 90.35° ± 3.07°, mean angulation of tooth 31 is 89.28° ± 4.33°, and mean angulation of tooth 41 is of 90.61° ± 5.04°. Conclusion: Based on research on the Inclination and Angulation of Anterior Teeth on Class I Malocclusion Patients after Fixed Orthodontic Treatment at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of RSKGM FKG UI, the inclination of anterior teeth is within the normal range, except at the IMPA angle. The angulation of anterior teeth is relatively upright and parallel."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalansi penyakit periodontitis di Indonesia tergolong lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan berbagai penyakit gigi dan mulut lainnya. Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Kesehatan, prevalansi periodontitis prevalansinya mencapai 74,1% pada tahun 2018. Beban ekonomi dari biaya perawatan periodontitis mencapai hingga 812 milyar rupiah secara global. Negara lain seperti negara Eropa dan Malaysia telah memiliki analisis biaya perawatan periodontitis yang dibutuhkan untuk menanggulangi prevalansi periodontitis. Peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan analisis biaya perawatan periodontitis stage I-IV pada penelitian ini dikarenakan Indonesia sendiri belum memiliki data tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan perkiraan biaya perawatan periodontitis yang dihitung berdasarkan perubahan status periodontal (Indeks Plak (IP), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), Indeks Kalkulus (IK)) setelah perawatan. Metode: Dari 210 rekam medik yang diambil dari Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode April 2020 - Juli 2022, terdapat 64 rekam medik yang dianalisis. Pendekatan deskriptif dan observasional analitik dibuat dan diolah dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan SPSS 26.0. Dilakukan pengambilan data diantaranya adalah biaya perawatan periodontitis dan perubahan skor status periodontal pada variabel IP, PBI, dan IK. Hasil: Biaya perawatan periodontitis stage I-IV berhasil diperoleh, namun biaya perawatan tersebut tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK. Perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK juga tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan jumlah kunjungan. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan analisis biaya perawatan berdasarkan stage I-IV dan sekuens perawatan, serta hasil analisis hubungan antara biaya perawatan dengan perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK dan jumlah kunjungan.

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Background: The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia is relatively higher compared to various other oral and dental diseases. According to data from the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of periodontitis reached 74.1% in 2018. The economic burden of periodontitis treatment globally amounted to 812 billion rupiah. Other countries, such as those in Europe and Malaysia, have conducted cost analyses of periodontitis treatment to solve its prevalence. Authors of this study are interested in conducting a cost analysis of periodontitis treatment stages I-IV in this study since Indonesia itself lacks such data. Objective: To estimate the cost of periodontitis treatment calculated based on changes in periodontal status (Plaque Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) and Calculus Index (CI)) after treatment and number of visits. Method: Out of 210 medical records collected from the Periodontology Clinic at Dental and Oral Health Hospital (RSKGM) of Dentistry University of Indonesia during the period of April 2020 to July 2022, 64 medical records were analyzed. A descriptive and analytical observational approach was employed and processed using univariate and bivariate analysis with SPSS 26.0. Data collection included the cost of periodontitis treatment and changes in periodontal status scores for the PI, PBI and CI variables. Results: The cost of periodontitis treatment stages I-IV was successfully obtained; however, these treatment costs did not show a significant relationship with changes in variables PI, PBI and CI. Neither that the changes of PI, \PBI and CI showed a significant relationship with number of visits. Conclusion: An analysis of treatment costs based on stages I-IV and treatment sequences was obtained, along with the results of the analysis of the relationship between treatment costs and changes in variables PI, PBI and CI and number of visits."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis adalah penyakit yang memengaruhi jaringan pendukung gigi seperti kerusakan tulang alveolar, dan diderita oleh sebagian besar populasi manusia di dunia. Periodontitis terbagi menjadi periodontitis terlokalisasi dan periodontitis menyeluruh. Dalam menentukan diagnosis penyakit periodontitis diperlukan pemeriksaan radiografis untuk mengevaluasi perubahan tinggi tulang, terutama pada tulang alveolar. Radiograf panoramik dapat digunakan dalam pemeriksaan full-mouth dengan paparan radiasi yang lebih sedikit. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar gigi molar mandibular pasien periodontitis menyeluruh usia 26-50 tahun pada radiograf panoramik. Metode: Pengukuran persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar pada 45 sampel radiograf panoramik konvensional dan digital usia 26-50 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI. Hasil: Persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar pada pasien penyakit periodontitis menyeluruh dengan rentang usia 26-50 tahun sebesar 75,2% ± 10,2%. Persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar pada gigi molar 1 rahang bawah sebesar 72,2% ± 8,4% di permukaan mesial dan 76,4% ± 8,0% di permukaan distal, serta pada gigi molar 2 rahang bawah sebesar 76,8% ± 8,5% di permukaan mesial dan 76,5% ± 12% di permukaan distal. Rata-rata persentase permukaan mesial sebesar 73,9% dan persentase sisa tulang distal sebesar 76,5%. Kesimpulan: Persentase kehilangan tulang pada permukaan mesial gigi molar 1 dan 2 penderita periodontitis sedang/parah pada usia 26-50 tahun lebih tinggi daripada permukaan distal.

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Background: Periodontitis is a disease that affects the supporting tissue of the teeth such as alveolar bone decay and affects most of human population in the world. Periodontitis is classified into localized periodontitis and generalized periodontitis. In diagnosing periodontitis disease, radiographic examination is needed to evaluate the changes in bone height, especially in alveolar bone. Panoramic radiograph can be used in full-mouth examination with less radiation exposure.

Objective: To obtain average percentage of remaining alveolar bone of mandibular molars in generalized periodontitis patients aged 26-50 years on panoramic radiograph.

Methods: Measuring the percentage of remaining alveolar bone in 45 conventional and digital panoramic radiograph samples aged 26-50 years at RSKGM FKG UI.

Result: The percentage of remaining alveolar bone in patients with generalized periodontitis aged 26-50 years was 75.2% ± 10.2%. The percentage of remaining alveolar present in mandibular 1st molar was 72.2% ± 8.4% on the mesial surface and 76.4% ± 8.0% on distal surface, and in mandibular 2nd molar it was 76.4% ± 8.0% on mesial surface and 76.5 ± 12% on distal surface. The average percentage on mesial surface was 73.9% and the percentage of the remaining distal bone was 76.5%.

Conclusion: The percentage of bone loss on mesial surface of 1st and 2nd molars in patients with moderate/severe periodontitis aged 26-50 years was higher than on the distal surface."

"Evaluation of individual maturity status takes an important role in selecting of the orthodontic treatment plans, especially for the growing age patient. This is mostly related to use of functional appliances and surgical approaches in some cases of skeletal discrepancy. Previous researches have demonstrated the significant correlation between the mandible length and the cervical vertebrae maturation in Deutero-Malay group. The significant correlation between the cervical vertebrae and the middle phalanx maturity, and the dental calcification within group of Deutero-malay has been proven. Objective: To confirm the correlation between the mandible length and the dental calcification. Methods: This way an observational research with a cross sectional design, done on 160 Deutero-malay subjects, aged 8-16 years. The length of mandible was measured from Condylion to Gnathion, and the dental calcification was evaluated by Demirjian method. Result: of Spearman nonparametric correlation (r=0.713), the second premolar (r=0.753), and the second molar (r=0.772). The result of Multiple Classification Analysis showed that the highest correlation to the mandible length was the second molar calcification (B=0.495)."