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"Penelitian ini membahas permasalahan mengenai pengenaan pajak penghasilan terhadap badan asing pada bentuk usaha tetap (BUT) melalui penerapan persetujuan penghindaran pajak berganda (P3B) di Indonesia. Undang-undang pajak penghasilan memberlakukan pembedaan tarif antara badan usaha asing berbentuk BUT dan badan usaha asing yang tidak berbentuk BUT. Pada umumnya kegiatan atau usaha yang dijalankan oleh subjek pajak luar negeri di Indonesia sering memicu terjadinya pengenaan pajak berganda oleh negara sumber maupun negara domisili subjek pajak luar negeri. Oleh karena itu penulis hendak menganalisis mengenai keberadaan BUT dalam peraturan perpajakan di Indonesia serta penerapan P3B di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif, yakni penelitian kepustakaan yang dilakukan terhadap aturan-aturan hukum tertulis maupun tidak tertulis dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Simpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pemajakan terhadap BUT menurut UU PPh bisa didasarkan pada tarif tertentu sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Keuangan dan tarif umum Pasal 17 dan 23 UU PPh. Namun terhadap kegiatan usaha yang belum memenuhi syarat BUT maka pemajakannya mengacu kepada Pasal 26 UU PPh serta kewajiban perpajakannya menjadi tanggung jawab subjek pajak dalam negeri yang membayarkan penghasilan kepada subjek pajak luar negeri. Selanjutnya melalui keberadaan P3B bertujuan untuk memitigasi pajak berganda dengan menyelaraskan definisi pajak, menetapkan basis pajak, menetapkan hak pemajakan, dan mengatur mekanisme yang akan digunakan untuk menghilangkan pajak berganda dengan melalui metode unilateral dan multilateral. P3B yang disepakati mengacu pada aturan perjanjian yang berkembang didunia saat ini yakni UN Model dan OECD Model.

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This research discusses issues regarding to the imposition of income tax on foreign entities in the permanent establishment (PE) through the application of the double taxation avoidance agreement (tax treaty). The law of tax income applies a tariff distinction between foreign business entities in the form of PE and foreign business entities that are not in the form of PE. In general, activities or businesses carried out by foreign tax subjects in Indonesia often trigger the occurrence of double taxation by the source country or the domicile country of the foreign tax subject. Therefore, the author wants to analyze the existence of PE in tax regulations in Indonesia and the application of tax treaty in Indonesia. This research uses a juridical-normative research method, named library research conducted on written and unwritten legal rules with descriptive research type. The conclusions obtained from this research are taxation of permanent establishment according to the Income Tax Law in Indonesia can be based on certain tariffs as stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of Finance and general tariffs Article 17 and 23 of the Income Tax Law. However, for business activities that do not meet the PE requirements, the taxation refers to Article 26 of the Income Tax Law and the tax obligations are the responsibility of domestic tax subjects who pay income to foreign tax subjects. Furthermore, the existence of the tax treaty aims to mitigate double taxation by harmonizing the tax definition, establishing a tax base, determining taxation rights, and regulating the mechanism that will be used to eliminate double taxation through unilateral and multilateral methods. The agreement of tax treaty refers to the agreement rules that are developing in the world today, namely the UN Model and OECD Model."

"Khusus untuk Bentuk Usaha Tetap (BUT) di Indonesia dikenakan pajak atas sisa laba setelah pajak yang diatur dalam UU PPh Pasal 26 ayat (4) atau biasa disebut dengan Branch Profit Tax (BPT). Menjadi pertanyaan bagaimana penghitungan BPT untuk BUT yang atas penghasilannya dikenakan final, salah satunya adalah yang menjalankan usaha konstruksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penghitungan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Badan dan BPT atas BUT yang menjalankan usaha jasa konstruksi. Dari studi kasus terhadap beberapa Putusan Pengadilan Pajak terkait sengketa penghitungan BPT sehubungan dengan penghitungan dasar pengenaan pajaknya, terdapat perbedaan pendapat antara Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) di satu sisi dengan Wajib Pajak dan Majelis Hakim di sisi lain. DJP berpendapat bahwa penghitungan BPT untuk BUT yang menjalankan usaha jasa konstruksi adalah berdasarkan Penghasilan Kena Pajak menurut pembukuan setelah dikoreksi fiskal dikurangi PPh Final, sedangkan Wajib Pajak dan Majelis Hakim beranggapan bahwa penghitungan Penghasilan Kena Pajak adalah menggunakan Norma Penghasilan Neto dikurangi PPh Final. Analisis perlakuan perpajakan atas penghitungan BPT tersebut dilakukan dengan menganalisis pendapat yang dikemukakan masing-masing pihak pada tiga contoh kasus yang diambil dalam penulisan ini. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan atas PPh Badan dari BUT yang menjalankan usaha jasa konstruksi adalah dikenakan final menurut PPh Pasal 4 ayat (2) dan untuk penghitungan BPT adalah dengan menggunakan Norma Penghasilan Neto sesuai dengan Pasal 26 ayat (4) UU PPh dikurangi PPh Final.

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Permanent Establishment (PE) in Indonesia is imposed tax for the income after tax that regulated in the Income Tax Act Article 26 Paragraph (4) or commonly called the Branch Profit Tax (BPT). The question is how the BPT calculations for PE on income subjected to the final tax, one of which is running business of the construction services. The purpose of this study was to determine how the calculations of the Corporate Income Tax and the BPT of PE which runs business of construction services are. From the case studies of several Tax Court Decisions related dispute of BPT calculation with respect to the calculation of its taxable base, there are differences of opinions between the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) on one side with the Taxpayers and the Judges on the other side. DGT found that the taxable income for BPT calculation for PE which running business of construction services is based on the bookkeeping after fiscal correction and deducted by Final Income Tax, while the Taxpayers and the Judges argued that the calculation of taxable income is using deemed profit deducted by Final Income Tax. Analysis of the tax treatment on BPT calculation is done by analyzing the opinions expressed on each side of three case examples taken in this research. The results from the analysis indicate that the Corporate Income Tax of PE which runs business of construction services is subjected to Final Income Tax under Income Tax Act Article 4 paragraph (2) and for the calculation of BPT is using deemed profit deducted by Final Income Tax in accordance with Article 26, paragraph (4) of Income Tax Act."

"Pengadilan Pajak merupakan lembaga yang memiliki kewenangan dalam memutus perkara terkait sengketa pajak dan menjalankan fungsi perlindungan hukum bagi Wajib Pajak yang mencari keadilan di bidang perpajakan. Namun, fenomena yang terjadi hingga saat ini bahwa disparitas putusan Pengadilan Pajak atas kasus serupa masih sering terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan terjadinya perbedaan dan kepastian hukum pada putusan banding yang dikeluarkan oleh Pengadilan Pajak atas sengketa Branch Profit Tax BUT migas dengan mengambil dua putusan Pengadilan Pajak BUT X No. PUT-108978.36/2011/PP/M.XVIB Tahun 2019 dan PUT- 006362.36/2018/PP/M.IA Tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan yang terjadi pada kedua putusan tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan interpretasi Hakim dalam memahami konsep bagi hasil yang tertera dalam Production Sharing Contract Sanga Sanga serta pemanfaatan tax treaty dalam menetapkan tarif Branch Profit Tax dan kepastian hukum dari putusan tersebut masih belum terpenuhi baik dari sisi konsistensi putusan dan belum didasarkan pada ketentuan hukum yang jelas.

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The Tax Court is an institution that has the authority to decide cases related to tax disputes and carries out the function of legal protection for taxpayers seeking justice in the taxation sector. However, the phenomenon that has occurred up to now is that the disparity of court decisions on similar cases is still common. This study aims to analyze the reasons for the differences and the law in the appeal decision issued by the Tax Court on the Profit Tax dispute of the BUT Oil and Gas Branch by taking two decisions of the BUT X Tax Court No. PUT-108978.36/2011/PP/M.XVIB Year 2019 and PUT- 006362.36/2018/PP/M.IA Year 2020. The research method used is a qualitative approach by conducting literature studies and field studies. The results of the study indicate that the differences between the two decisions are caused by differences in the interpretation of the judge in understanding the concept of profit sharing stated in the Production Sharing Contract Sanga Sanga and the use of tax treaties in setting the Branch Profit Tax rate and the legal certainty of the decision has not been fulfilled either from in terms of consistency of decisions and not yet based on clear legal provisions."

"Perhitungan branch profit tax (BPT) untuk BUT Usaha Jasa Konstruksi dilakukan berdasarkan pembukuan yang sudah dikoreksi fiskal. Terdapat ambiguitas di dalam pelaksanaan perhitungan dasar pengenaan branch profit tax tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pengenaan branch profit tax BUT usaha jasa konstruksi ditinjau dari asas certainty. Penelitian ini juga melakukan analisis di dalam penerapan dasar penganaan branch profit tax pada BUT X. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kepastian hukum atas kepastian subjek dan objek telah terpenuhi dalam pengenaan branch profit tax BUT usaha jasa konstruksi. Namun kepastian hukum dalam dasar pengenaan branch profit tax BUT usaha jasa konstruksi masih belum terpenuhi karena menimbulkan ambiguitas. Diperlukan aturan khusus dan aturan pelaksanaan perhitungan branch profit tax terhadap BUT usaha jasa konstruksi.

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Branch profit tax (BPT) calculation on construction service permanent establishment should be calculated based on accounting method and fiscal correction. There is an issue of ambiguity in implementation of branch profit tax base for construction service permanent establishment. This research use qualitative approach. This research aims to analyze branch profit tax base onconstruction service permanent establishment in tems of certeinty principle. This research also analyze implementation of branch profit tax base on BUT X. The result of this research shows that certainty principle has been fulfilled on tax subjct and tax object. However, the policy has not fulfilled the certainty principle in implementation of branch profit tax base. The government should regulate special policy or implementation instruction to impelementate branch profit tax calculation on construction service permanent establishment."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Pajak Nomor 10/PJ/2017 merupakan bentuk dari tax treaty override atau tidak dan kendala apa saja yang timbul dalam penerapan P3B berdasarkan peraturan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Secara legislatif, PER-10/2017 adalah tax treaty override karena ketentuan yang mewajibkan WP untuk menyampaikan Surat Keterangan Domisili SKD bertentangan dengan ketentuan pada P3B, sedangkan secara yudisial tax treaty override tidak terjadi. Terdapat tiga kelompok kendala dalam penerapan P3B berdasarkan PER-10/2017, yaitu kendala dalam penerbitan SKD, kendala dalam pengembalian pajak lebih bayar kepada WP, dan kendala berupa ketidakpatuhan WP. Untuk mengatasi tax treaty override secara legislatif, pemerintah disarankan untuk meninjau kembali ketentuan yang mewajibkan penyampaian SKD, melakukan sosialisasi secara berkala kepada pihak KPP, dan mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan terkait penerapan P3B untuk mengisi kekosongan peraturan penerapan P3B. Untuk mengatasi kendala penerapan P3B berdasarkan PER-10/2017, yang disarankan untuk dilakukan antara lain adalah untuk meninjau kembali ketentuan yang mewajibkan penyampaian SKD, meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada withholder terkait kewajiban menyampaikan SKD, peningkatan koordinasi dengan negara lain mengenai informasi status residen WPLN oleh pemerintah, melengkapi PMK 187/2015 dengan ketentuan batasan waktu, dan peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas pemeriksa.

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This thesis aims to analyse whether Directorat General of Tax Rule Number 10 PJ 2017 is a form of tax treaty override and what problems arise from tax treaty application based of PER 10 2017. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Legislatively, PER 10 2017 is a tax treaty override because the provision in it that requires tax payers to submit Certificate of Domicile COD contradicts with provisions in tax treaty, yet judicially there are not tax treaty override. There are three groups of obstacles in treaty application based on PER 10 2017, which are obstacles in COD Publishing, tax refund, and noncompliance by tax payers. To resolve legislative tax treaty override, it is advised that the government review the provision about submitting COD, socialize periodically to tax offices, and to publish a Regulation of Ministry of Finance to fill in the policy about tax treaty application. To resolve obstacles in tax treaty application based on PER 10 2017, what is suggested to be done is for the government to improve socialization to withholders about the obligation to submit COD, improve coordination with other countries about residency of tax payers, add a provision about time limits in PMK 187 2015, improve the quantity and quality of auditors, and make tax treaty application more strict in order to make sure that tax payers apply the provisions in tax treaty as is. "

"Related to economic globalization era, many big scale companies make decision to hold their business in other countries. Indonesia as developing country also includes the nation actively conducts their efforts to attract investors. As the consequences of the business, many big scale companies develop their business in Indonesia. The form of business activities that many conducted by the big scale companies is branch (permanent establishment).The income tax on the permanent establishment ("PE") operation actually represent great potential tax object, but the enforcement on its tax imposition still has not optimal yet. Therefore, the loss of fiscal potential contained in each BUT activity should be anticipated by Directorate General of Taxation by formulating the efforts that may be conducted by the Directorate General of Taxation in supporting the optimization of the income tax revenue on this PE. Moreover, the hindrances facing the tax imposition on this PE revenue should be identified carefully in order to seek the proper handling efforts.The determination of the profit amount on the companies will be fit with the actual condition and is not conducted hypothetically if carried in resident country. However, in case the business is conducted in the source country, its consequences that the source country also requires the cost in order that the business may operate. Therefore, the source country also should be given the taxing right on the business income gained by PE in the source country. How far the taxing right of the source country on the income from its region is determined by some criterion. The main criteria of PE is a "fixed place of business", namely there is a permanent place to conduct the business activities in the source country.The purpose of this thesis is to describe the treatment of income tax imposition on PE in Indonesia, arising issues and efforts that may be conducted by the Directorate General of Taxation in order that the collection of income tax on PE is more optimum.The used research method in this thesis writing is descriptive analytical method. The research was conducted through interviews with some tax official and tax officers, tax consultants, taxpayers and the potential taxpayers. The document investigation was conducted based on the scientific works and the tax regulations either based on the law, its implementation terms, or terms contained in tax treaties.Based on the research conducted in the field it was known that Badora Tax. Office had no sufficient capabilities to be able to identify BUT especially for the activity type of service provider. The difficulty to detect PE existence of the activity type of service provider also can not separated by the existing weaknesses in Badora Tax Office it self.From analysis result was obtained conclusion that activity type of activity type of service provider actually represents the very potential tax object, but it was not explored optimally, as hindered by the low understanding especially concerning international tax (especially on PE) and the minimum English language ability in the tax officers, and the limited staff fully understanding the type of business of each PE taxpayer.On the above conclusion, that it is suggested to improve the English language capability and the understanding on the international tax knowledge, it is better to hold the special education periodically and in sustainable way."