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"ABSTRAKDiare telah menjadi salah satu penyebab meningkatnya kesakitan dan kematian pada anak. Diare biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi. Sindrom Malabsorpsi dan beberapa enteropatogen bisa menyebabkan diare. Studi ini dilaksanakan untuk mencari prevalensi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi pada pasien anak dengan diare dan mencari asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi. Studi ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Jenis studi ini dipilih untuk mengetahui asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi. Data yang dibutuhkan akan diperoleh dari profil analisis tinja dan rekam medis pasien anak yang dirawat di RSCM. Penelitian ini menemukan prevalensi malabsorpsi laktosa di pasien anak dengan diare sebanyak 18,2 . Prevalensi malnutrisi di pasien anak dengan diare sebanyak 38 . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dengan status nutrisi p>0.05 . Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi dengan sampel yang lebih besar.

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ABSTRACTDiarrhea remains as a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Diarrhea in children is usually caused by infection . However, numerous disorders could also result in diarrhea. It includes a malabsorption syndrome and various enteropathies. The study that we conduct is aimed to determine the prevalence of lactose malabsorption and malnutrition in pediatric patients with diarrhea and the association between lactose malabsorption. and malnutrition. The research design used for this study is a cross sectional using secondary data. This study is chosen to know the association between lactose malabsorption and malnutrition. The data in this study will be obtained from stool analysis profile and the medical record of pediatric patients that are treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital RSCM . This study found that the prevalence of lactose malabsorption in pediatric patients with diarrhea is 18.2 . This study also found that the prevalence of malnutrition is 38 .Moreover, the result of the study revealed that there is no association between lactose malabsorption and nutritional status P 0.05 . A further study is required to explored the association between lactose malabsorption and nutritional status with larger sample size "

"ABSTRAKDiarrhea is one of the most common gastro intestinal problem in Indonesia. One of the causes of diarrhea in children might be adverse reactions to food. Cow rsquo s milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy as a result of an abnormal immunologic reaction to cow rsquo s milk protein. The gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea occur in 50 60 children with cow rsquo s milk allergy. The aim of this research is to identify the prevalence of cow rsquo s milk allergy in pediatric patients who suffer from diarrhea and its association to nutritional status and age of patients who were treated in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from the year 2012 to 2016. The research design used for this study is a case control study using a secondary data. The data was obtained from stool analysis profile and medical record from pediatric patients in Gastrohepatology Division, Department of Pediatric Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There were 13 patients suffer from cow rsquo s milk allergy and 78 patients without allergy compared in this study. The prevalence of cow rsquo s milk allergy and malnutrition in pediatric patients with diarrhea were 14.3 and 38.4 . There is no association between cow rsquo s milk allergy and weight for age, height length for age, and weight for length height p 0.05 . In conclusion, cow rsquo s milk allergy is not associated with malnutrition in pediatric patients under three years old who suffered from diarrhea.

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ABSTRACTDiare adalah salah satu masalah gastro usus yang paling umum di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab diare pada anak-anak mungkin reaksi negatif terhadap makanan. Alergi susu sapi adalah alergi makanan yang paling umum sebagai akibat dari reaksi imunologi abnormal terhadap protein susu sapi rsquo. Gejala gastrointestinal, termasuk diare terjadi pada 50 60 anak-anak dengan alergi susu sapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi alergi susu sapi pada pasien anak yang menderita diare dan hubungannya dengan status gizi dan usia pasien yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari tahun 2012 hingga 2016. Desain penelitian digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol menggunakan data sekunder. Data diperoleh dari profil analisis tinja dan rekam medis dari pasien anak di Divisi Gastrohepatologi, Departemen Kesehatan Anak, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Ada 13 pasien menderita alergi susu sapi dan 78 pasien tanpa alergi dibandingkan dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi alergi susu sapi dan gizi buruk pada pasien anak dengan diare adalah 14,3 dan 38,4. Tidak ada hubungan antara alergi susu sapi dengan berat badan untuk usia, tinggi badan untuk usia, dan berat badan untuk tinggi badan p 0,05. Kesimpulannya, alergi susu sapi tidak dikaitkan dengan kekurangan gizi pada pasien anak di bawah tiga tahun yang menderita diare."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dinegara berkembang karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang masih tinggi. Diaredapat disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri dan parasit yang penting diketahui untukmemberikan tatalaksana yang tepat, namun saat ini belum ada data mengenaibakteri penyebab diare di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran klinis anak dengan diare akut dan mengetahui jenis bakteri enteropatogen penyebab diare akut dengan menggunakan real-timePCR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada anak dengan diare akut berusia 1-15tahun di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 subyek dengan diare akut. Sebagian besar berusia 1-3 tahun, status gizi baik, berasal dari ibu dengan pendidikansedang dengan status ekonomi keluarga menengah rendah, sebagian besar belummendapat antibiotik sebelum ke rumah sakit tetapi sudah mendapat cairanrehidrasi oral. Gambaran klinis diare akut akibat infeksi bakteri yaitu frekuensidiare ≤5X/hari (p=0,018), tanpa leukositosis feses (p=0,015) dan malabsorpsilemak (p=0,031). Sebaran infeksi bakteri patogen penyebab diare akutberdasarkan real-time PCR sebagai berikut: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subyek,Escherichia coli patogen 17 subyek yang terdiri dari EPEC 9 subyek, EIEC 5subyek dan ETEC 3 subyek. Infeksi bakteri campuran pada subyek sebagaiberikut: EPEC+EIEC 2 subyek , C.jejuni+EPEC 1 subyek, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC1 subyek dan C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subyek. Simpulan: Sebagian besar diare terjadi pada usia 1-3 tahun dengan status pasiengizi baik dengan status keluarga menengah rendah. Sekitar 48% anak dengandiare akut didapatkan bakteri dari hasil real-time PCR feses dengan proporsiterbanyak yaitu EPEC, diikuti Campylobacter jejuni, EIEC dan ETEC.ABSTRACT Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC.;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC.;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kurang gizi masih menjadi masalah utama yang dihadapi dunia. Setiap tahunnya sekitar 55.000 orang meninggal karena kurang gizi. Dan dua per tiga dari jumlah yang meninggal ini adalah anak-anak. Di negara-negara berkembang, kontribusi kurang gizi terhadap kematian anak balita yang berhubungan penyakit infeksi meneapai 53%. Anak yang kurang gizi cenderung lebih rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi baik dalam hal jumlah kejadian (misalnya insidens) maupun durasi setiap kejadian penyakit Tahun 2006, jumlah penderita gizi buruk mengalami peningkatan dati tahun sebelumnya. Jumlah balita gizi buruk di Indonesia, menurut laporan UNICEF 2006 meningkat dari 1,8 juta pada tahun 200412005 menjadi 2,3 juta jiwa Peningkatan balitagizi buruk ini tentulah sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena depat menyebabkan "lostMetode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan quasi eksperimen pre-post test dengan jumlah sampel 114 yang terdiri dari 60 balita yang menerimn intervensi PMT-P dan54 balita yang menerima konseling gizi. Untuk menguji hipotesis digwtukan uji t-testdan anova. Analisa multivariat dengan Analisis Regress!Berganda.Hasil: Hasil uji ststistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara Zsrorebalila gizi buruk sebelum dan sesudah mendapatkan intervensi. Konseling gizi berhasilmeningkatkan Zscore belita gizi buruk sebesar 0.2237. Pemberian PMT- berhasil meningkatkan Zscore balita gizi blll1lk sebesar 0.2181. Untuk kelompok konseling, faktor-faktor yang mempengarohi peningkatan Zscore balita gizi blll1lk adalah status gizi {Zscore) balita di awal penelitian. Sedangkan untuk kelompok PMT-P, adalah umuranalk, dan umur balita disapih.Kesimpulan : Setelah intervensi, prevalensi gizi buruk turon 38,6%. Darl kelompok konseling, prevalensi balita gizi buruk turun 50,0%, sedangkan prevalensi gizi buruk pada kelompok PMT-P turun 28,3%. Pada kelompok PMT-P juga ditemukan balita yang meningkat statusnya menjadi gizi balk. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan Zscore balita gizi buruk adalah status gizi {Zscore) balita di awal penelitiaa (konseling), umur anak, dan umur balita disapih {PMT-P).

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Background : Poor nutrition still become prior problem in the world. Every year, about55.000 people die due to malnutrition. And 2 out of3 death was children. Poor nutrition contributes to 1 out of2 death (53%) associated with infections diseases among children aged under five in developing country. Children with malnutrition more vulnerable to infection, both incidens and duration of diseases. In 2006, the number of malnutrition increased than in 2005. Unicef(2006) reports, the malnutrition children aged under five increased from I ,8 million in 2004/2005 to 2,3 million in 2006. This increasing was very concerned, leads to "lost generation". One of program conduct by government to care of children with malnutrition was nutritional intervention (supplementation). To cure dancare of malnutrition children, was conduct food supplementation breastfeeding for Methods : This research conduct quasi experiment design with pre-post test. The number of sample was 114 children, contain of 60 children in the food supplementation group and 54 children in the counseling group. For testing the hypothesis was conduct t-test dan one-way anova. Multivariat analysis with Multiple Linier Regression Analysis.Result : There is significant differences between Zscore weight for aged of under five chidren with malnutrition at the pre intervention and post intervention. Counseling program increased Zscore weight for aged of underfive chidren about 0,2237 SD. Food supplementation program increased Zscore weight for aged of underfive chidren about 0,2181 SD. In the counseling group, the factors related to the increasing Zscore weight for aged of underfive children malnutrition is the nutrition statue of children at the begining of intervention. In the food supplementation group, the factors is the children's aged and the children's aged while weaning.Summary : After intervention program, malnutrition prevalence decreased 38,6%. In the counseling group, prevalence decreased 50,0%, While in the food supplementation group prevalence decreased 28,3%. In the food supplementation group also found a child with nonnal statue. In the counseling group, the factors related to the increasing Zscore weight for aged of underfive children malnutrition is the nutrition statue of children at the beginning of intervention. In the food supplementation group, the factors is the children's aged and the children's aged while weaning."

"Latar Belakang: Mendeteksi risiko kejadian malnutrisi didapat dirumah sakit pada anak dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat penilaian nutrisi yang dilakukan selama masa rawat anak di rumah sakit. Salah satu alat penilaian yang telah dihasilkan berupa Alarm Malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas alat penilaian Alarm Malnutrisi dalam mendeteksi risiko kejadian malnutrisi didapat di rumah sakit yang dibandingkan dengan alat penilaian Screening Tool for the Risk On Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGKids).Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dengan desain Cross Sectional ini melibatkan 168 anak yang dirawat di rumah sakit berusia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan penelitian diagnostik yang menghasilkan nilai uji sensitivitas dan uji spesifisitas.Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menunjukan nilai uji sensitivitas dan uji spesifisitas Alarm Malnutrisi masing-masing sebesar 32,2% dan 81,6%. Hasil ini dinilai tidak begitu baik dibandingkan alat penilaian STRONGKids yang sebelumnya telah dipakai di rumah sakit.Kesimpulan: Alarm Malnutrisi masih perlu dikembangkan dan diperbaiki kembali untuk penyempurnaan sehingga dapat dipakai dengan baik dalam menilai risiko malnutrisi didapat di rumah sakit

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Background: Detecting the risks for hospital-acquired malnutrition in children can be performed by using nutritional screening tools. One of the screening tools that has been created is Alarm Malnutrisi. This study aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of Alarm Malnutrisi in detecting the risks for hospital-acquired malnutrition in comparison to Screening Tool for the Risk On Nutritional status and Growth (STRONGkids).

Materials and Method: This study employed cross sectional design and involved 168 hospitalized children (1 month to 18 years) at pediatric ward . The data were analyzed using diagnostic approach which resulted in sensitivity and specificity values.

Results: The statistical tests showed that the sensitivity and specificity values of Alarm Malnutrisi were 32,2% and 81,6% respectively meanwhile the values of STRONGKids. These results indicated that this screening tool was not better than STRONGkids which has been previously used in the Dr. Cipto Manunkusumo Hospitals in Indonesia.

Conclusions: Alarm Malnutrisi needs to be developed and improved in order to achieve better performance in detecting the risks for hospital-acquired malnutrition."

"Latar Belakang: Osteosarkoma merupakan jenis tumor tulang ganas paling sering pada anak dan remaja. Sejumlah faktor prognostik telah diketahui mempengaruhi luaran pada osteosarkoma pediatrik, termasuk lokasi dan ukuran tumor primer, adanya metastasis, resektabilitas, keadaan remisi, serta respons kemoterapi yang diperiksa dengan derajat nekrosis tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui luaran osteosarkoma pada anak dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di poliklinik Onkologi Orthopaedi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta pada bulan Januari 2020-Juni 2021. Pengambilan subjek penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan metode consecutive sampling. Data klinis, radiologis dan laboratorium diambil dari rekam medis, sementara skor MSTS diukur melalui wawancara terhadap subjek baik secara langsung atau pun melalui telepon. Data pasien dimasukkan ke dalam CRF (Case Report Form) untuk osteosarkoma dari Departemen Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi. Seluruh data dianalisis dan ditabulasikan ke dalam tabel.Hasil dan pembahasan: Pada penelitian ini, angka kesintasan keseluruhnan kasus osteosarkoma adalah 31,8%, dan rekurensi lokal terjadi pada 18,2% kasus pasien osteosarkoma anak. Metastasis terjadi pada 65,9% kasus dan sebagain besar metastasis ditemukan pada paru. Didapatkan jenis kelamin berhubungan dengan kesintasan pada pasien osteosarkoma (P<0,05). Hubungan kesintasan dengan usia sampel tidak bermakna, namun terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kesintasan dengan alkalin fosfatase, jenis biopsi, lokasi tumor, dan tipe HUVOS. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara rekurensi lokal dengan nilai serum alkaline fosfatase, namun tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara rekurensi lokal jenis kelamin dan usia, jenis biopsi, tipe HUVOS, dan lokasi tumor. Rata-rata skor MSTS dari 14 subjek penelitian adalah 20,93 ± 3,63. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara metastasis dengan jenis kelamin, usia, alkalin fosfatase, jenis biopsi, tipe HUVOS, dan lokasi tumor. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara rekurensi lokal dan alkaline fosfatase (P < 0,05). Kesintasan dan metastasis memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (P < 0,001).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar alkaline fosfatase terhadap rekurensi lokal pada anak dengan osteosarkoma. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara metastasis dengan kesintasan 5 tahun pada anak dengan osteosarkoma. Hal ini menandakan bahwa angka kesintasan tinggi pada pasien yang tidak mengalami metastasis.

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Background: Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. A number of prognostic factors have been known to affect the outcomes of pediatric osteosarcoma, including the location and size of the primary tumor, the presence of metastasis, resectability, remissions, and the chemotherapy response examined by the degree of tumor necrosis. This study aims to determine the outcomes of osteosaroma in children and the factors that influence it.

Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a retrospective cross sectional design. The study was conducted at the Orthopedic Oncology Polyclinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta in January 2020 – June 2021. The research sampling was carried out based on the consecutive random sampling method. Clinical, radiological and laboratory data were documented from medical records, while the MSTS score was measured through interviews on the subject both directly or by telephone. Patient data was inserted into the CRF (Case Report Form) for osteosarcoma from the orthopedic and traumatology department. All data were analysed and tabulated into the table.

Results and Discussion: In this study, the overall 5 years survival rate of osteosarcoma was 31.8%, and the local recurrence is 18.2% of pediatric osteosarcoma patients. Metastases occurred in 65.9% of cases and most of the metastases were found in the lung. It was found that gender was significanced with survival in osteosarcoma patients (P<0.05). The relationship between survival and age was not significant, but there was a significant relationship between survival and alkaline phosphatase, type of biopsy, tumor location, and type of HUVOS. There was a significant relationship between local recurrence and serum alkaline phosphatase, but there was no significant relationship between local recurrence, gender and age, type of biopsy, HUVOS type, and tumor location. The mean of MSTS score of the 14 study subjects was 20.93 ± 3.63. There was no significant difference between metastases by sex, age, alkaline phosphatase, type of biopsy, type of HUVOS, and tumor location. There was a significant relationship between local recurrence and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between survival and metastasis (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between alkaline phosphatase level and local recurrence in children with osteosarcoma. There was a significant association between metastasis and a 5-year mortality in children with osteosarcoma"

"ABSTRAKMalnutrisi masih menjadi masalah global, termasuk pada pasien di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malnutrisi didapat di rumah sakit MDdRS pada pasien anak. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional pada pasien anak usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun dan dirawat minimal 72 jam. MDdRS ditentukan berdasarkan penurunan berat badan sebesar > 2 pada hari rawat keempat. Karakteristik pasien anak yang menjadi faktor prediktor MDdRS yaitu usia, jenis penyakit, berat badan awal masuk rumah sakit, terapi nutrisi, lama rawat, dan kelas perawatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi MDdRS sebesar 13,8. Tidak ada faktor yang berpengaruh secara statistik pada kejadian malnutrisi di rumah sakit. Namun kejadian MDdRS terjadi pada usia yang lebih muda, jenis penyakit infeksi, berat badan awal masuk yang lebih rendah, terapi nutrisi parenteral, lama rawat yang lebih tinggi, dan kelas perawatan yang lebih rendah. Perawat dan tenaga kesehatan dapat memantau kondisi pasien anak secara berkala dan mendokumentasikannya dengan baik.

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ABSTRACTMalnutrition is still a global problem, including in hospital setting. This study aimed to identify factors associated with hospital acquired malnutrition HaM in pediatric patients. This cross sectional study involved health record of pediatric patients during January December 2017. The inclusion criteria were patients aged 1 month 18 years and had been hospitalized for at least 72 hours. HaM determined based on weight loss 2 on the forth day of treatment. The contributing factors to HaM are age, type of disease, weight on admission, nutritional therapy, length of stay, and class of ward. Results showed that HaM prevalence was 13,8. There is no statistical correlation between HaM and all predictor factors. However, HaM evidently occurs in younger child, infectious patients, lower body weight on admission, parenteral nutrition therapy, higher length of stay, and lower class of ward. Nurses and care giver are able to monitor patients condition periodically and document them well. "

"Latar belakang: Malnutrisi rumah sakit (MRS) adalah penurunan berat badan selama perawatan di rumah sakit. MRS diketahui memperpanjang lama rawat, meningkatkan morbitas dan mortalitas, namun faktor-faktor yang berasosiasi dengan terjadinya MRS pada pasien bedah anak, masih belum diketahui.Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian MRS pada pasien bedah anak, dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berasosiasi dengan terjadinya MRS. Dilakukan pengamatan terhadap 50 pasien bedah anak yang dirawat di ruang rawat BCh RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangukusumo Jakarta selama Juli-Desember 2015. Data usia, jenis penyakit, status gizi awal, jenis perawatan, lama puasa, lama operasi, lama rawat, dan jenis operasi dicatat. Dilakukan analisis untuk mencari asosiasi antara variabel-variabel tersebut dengan MRS. Hasil penelitian: Didapatkan angka kejadian MRS sebesar 40%. Dari variabel kategorik (usia, jenis perawatan, jenis diagnosis, status gizi awal dan jenis operasi) hanya jenis operasi yang berasosiasi dengan MRS (p = 0,013). Sedangkan antara variabel numerik (lama puasa, lama operasi, lama rawat) hanya lama rawat pascaoperasi yang berasosiasi dengan MRS (p = 0,009).Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa beban tindakan operatif berasosiasi dengan angka kejadian MRS, MRS berasosiasi dengan peningkatan masa rawat pascapembedahan.

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Background: Hospital malnutrition is defined as weight loss during hospitalization. Hospital malnutrition is known to increase length of stay, mortality and morbidity, however the factors associated with the development of hospital malnutrition, especially in pediatric surgery patient population, has not been clearly recognized.

Method: This study was done to evaluate the occurence of hospital malnutrition in pediatric surgery population and to identify the factors associated with hospital malnutrition. Primary data was gathered from 50 pediatric surgery patients hospitalized in BCh ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (CMNGH) within July-December 2015. Data on age, diagnoses, nutrition status at admission, whether any procedure was done during hospital stay, fasting duration, operation duration, length of stay and classification of surgical procedure done were compiled. Analysis was done to identify the association between these variables and hospital malnutrition.

Result: The occurence of hospital malnutrition among pediatric surgery population in 2015 was 40%. Among the categorical variables (age, diagnoses, nutrition status at admission, whether any procedure was done during hospital stay, classification of surgical procedure) only the classification of surgical procedure was found to be significantly associated with hospital malnutrition (p = 0,013). Meanwhile, among the numerical variables (fasting duration, operation duration, length of stay) only postoperative length of stay was associated with hospital malnutrition (p = 0,009).

Conclusion: It can be inferred that the burden of surgery is associated with hospital malnutrition, and in turn hospital malnutrition is associated with increased postoperative length of stay."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan dengan frekuensi diare pada anak 10-23 bulan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang dilakukan terhadap 95 responden yang dilakukan secara purposive sampling di Puskesmas Tugu, Depok pada 20 Maret - 27 April 2012. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner, observasi rumah, dan pengukuran status gizi (berat badan dan panjang badan).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 35,8% sampel menderita diare lebih dari sekali dalam 4 bulan terakhir (lebih dari median frekuensi dunia). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor anak (berat bayi lahir (OR=4,0), status gizi BB/U rata-rata 4 bulan terakhir (OR=5,8), status gizi BB/U saat ini (OR=8,3), status gizi PB/U rata-rata 4 bulan terakhir (OR=16,8), status gizi PB/U saat ini (OR=14,8), dan ASI eksklusif (OR=5,2)), faktor ibu (perilaku ibu (OR=4,3)), faktor keluarga (status ekonomi keluarga (OR=4,3) dan jumlah balita dalam keluarga (OR=8,3)), dan faktor lingkungan (sumber air bersih (OR=6,4), kondisi jamban/WC (OR=4,6), sarana pembuangan air limbah (OR=6,2), pengolahan sampah rumah tangga (OR=5,5), dan kepadatan huni (OR=3,7)) dengan frekuensi diare.Penulis menyarankan kepada Puskesmas Tugu untuk melakukan promosi kesehatan dan edukasi melalui penyuluhan dan konseling untuk menurunkan angka kejadian diare pada anak 10-23 bulan.

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The objective of this study was to identify factors which associated with with diarrhea frequency among children 10-23 months. The method used in this study is cross sectional design which was conducted with 95 respondents which took with pusposive sampling at Tugu Community Health Center, Depok in March 20th until April 27th 2012. Data were collected through interview referring to the questionnaire, house observation, and measurement of nutritional status (weight and length).The result of this study showed that 35,8% people were experience diarrhea more than once in the last 4 months (more than the frequency of world median). There were significant association between children factors (baby birth weight (OR=4,0), nutritional status W/A average in last 4 months (OR=5,8), current nutritional status of W/A (OR=8,3), nutritional status H/A average in last 4 months (OR=16,8), current nutritional status of H/A (OR=14,8), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR=5,2)), maternal factors (maternal behavior (OR=4,3)), family factors (economics status of the family (OR=4,3) and number of under five in the family (OR=8,3)), and environmental status (source of clean water (OR=6,4), condition of latrines (OR=4,6), waste disposal facilities (OR=6,2), household waste treatment (OR=5,5), and the density of habitation (OR=3,7)) with diarrhea frequency.The author suggest to Tugu Community Health Center to conduct health promotion and education through education and counseling program for decreasing the incidence of diarrhea in children 10-23 months."

"Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama timbulnya masalah gizi kurang pada balita di perkotaan. Pola asuh keluarga dan kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua terkait kebutuhan gizi anak juga dapat mempengaruhi status gizi balita. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pengaturan pola makan bergizi seimbang sebagai upaya meningkatkan status gizi balita dengan masalah ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh. Metode yang digunakan dalam karya ilmiah ini yaitu melakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga selama tujuh minggu. Intervensi keperawatan unggulan berupa pengaturan pola makan pada balita meliputi pengaturan 3J yaitu jenis makanan, jumlah makanan, dan jadwal makan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan pola makan efektif dalam meningkatkan status gizi balita ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan berat badan dari 14,5 kg menjadi 16,5 kg. Karya ilmiah ini direkomendasikan kepada perawat komunitas untuk menerapkan intervensi berupa pengaturan pola makan dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan balita yang memiliki masalah gizi kurang.

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Poverty is one of the main causes of under-five-year-old children malnutrition problems in urban areas. Besides that, parenting and lack of parental knowledge related to the nutritional needs of children can also affect the under-five-year-old children nutritional status. This paper aims to provide an overview of eating pattern regulation in balanced nutrition as an effort to improve the under-five- year-old children nutritional status with imbalanced nutrition problem less than body requirements. The method used in this paper is by doing a family nursing care for seven weeks. The main nursing intervention of eating pattern regulation in under-five-year-old children include 3J, that is, the type of food, quantity of food, and eating schedules conducted over five weeks. The results showed that eating pattern regulation is effective in improving the under-five-year-old children nutritional status that is marked by an increase of body weight from 14.5 kg to 16.5 kg. This paper is recommended for community nurses to implement interventions in the form of eating pattern regulation in performing nursing care families with under-five-year-old children who have a malnutrition problem."