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"ABSTRAKDiarrhea is one of the most common gastro intestinal problem in Indonesia. One of the causes of diarrhea in children might be adverse reactions to food. Cow rsquo s milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy as a result of an abnormal immunologic reaction to cow rsquo s milk protein. The gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea occur in 50 60 children with cow rsquo s milk allergy. The aim of this research is to identify the prevalence of cow rsquo s milk allergy in pediatric patients who suffer from diarrhea and its association to nutritional status and age of patients who were treated in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from the year 2012 to 2016. The research design used for this study is a case control study using a secondary data. The data was obtained from stool analysis profile and medical record from pediatric patients in Gastrohepatology Division, Department of Pediatric Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. There were 13 patients suffer from cow rsquo s milk allergy and 78 patients without allergy compared in this study. The prevalence of cow rsquo s milk allergy and malnutrition in pediatric patients with diarrhea were 14.3 and 38.4 . There is no association between cow rsquo s milk allergy and weight for age, height length for age, and weight for length height p 0.05 . In conclusion, cow rsquo s milk allergy is not associated with malnutrition in pediatric patients under three years old who suffered from diarrhea.

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ABSTRACTDiare adalah salah satu masalah gastro usus yang paling umum di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab diare pada anak-anak mungkin reaksi negatif terhadap makanan. Alergi susu sapi adalah alergi makanan yang paling umum sebagai akibat dari reaksi imunologi abnormal terhadap protein susu sapi rsquo. Gejala gastrointestinal, termasuk diare terjadi pada 50 60 anak-anak dengan alergi susu sapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi alergi susu sapi pada pasien anak yang menderita diare dan hubungannya dengan status gizi dan usia pasien yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari tahun 2012 hingga 2016. Desain penelitian digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol menggunakan data sekunder. Data diperoleh dari profil analisis tinja dan rekam medis dari pasien anak di Divisi Gastrohepatologi, Departemen Kesehatan Anak, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Ada 13 pasien menderita alergi susu sapi dan 78 pasien tanpa alergi dibandingkan dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi alergi susu sapi dan gizi buruk pada pasien anak dengan diare adalah 14,3 dan 38,4. Tidak ada hubungan antara alergi susu sapi dengan berat badan untuk usia, tinggi badan untuk usia, dan berat badan untuk tinggi badan p 0,05. Kesimpulannya, alergi susu sapi tidak dikaitkan dengan kekurangan gizi pada pasien anak di bawah tiga tahun yang menderita diare."

"ABSTRAKDiare telah menjadi salah satu penyebab meningkatnya kesakitan dan kematian pada anak. Diare biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi. Sindrom Malabsorpsi dan beberapa enteropatogen bisa menyebabkan diare. Studi ini dilaksanakan untuk mencari prevalensi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi pada pasien anak dengan diare dan mencari asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi. Studi ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Jenis studi ini dipilih untuk mengetahui asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi. Data yang dibutuhkan akan diperoleh dari profil analisis tinja dan rekam medis pasien anak yang dirawat di RSCM. Penelitian ini menemukan prevalensi malabsorpsi laktosa di pasien anak dengan diare sebanyak 18,2 . Prevalensi malnutrisi di pasien anak dengan diare sebanyak 38 . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dengan status nutrisi p>0.05 . Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai asosiasi malabsorpsi laktosa dan malnutrisi dengan sampel yang lebih besar.

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ABSTRACTDiarrhea remains as a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Diarrhea in children is usually caused by infection . However, numerous disorders could also result in diarrhea. It includes a malabsorption syndrome and various enteropathies. The study that we conduct is aimed to determine the prevalence of lactose malabsorption and malnutrition in pediatric patients with diarrhea and the association between lactose malabsorption. and malnutrition. The research design used for this study is a cross sectional using secondary data. This study is chosen to know the association between lactose malabsorption and malnutrition. The data in this study will be obtained from stool analysis profile and the medical record of pediatric patients that are treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital RSCM . This study found that the prevalence of lactose malabsorption in pediatric patients with diarrhea is 18.2 . This study also found that the prevalence of malnutrition is 38 .Moreover, the result of the study revealed that there is no association between lactose malabsorption and nutritional status P 0.05 . A further study is required to explored the association between lactose malabsorption and nutritional status with larger sample size "

"ABSTRACTLatar belakang. Prevalens alergi makanan meningkat dalam dekade terakhir, namun belum ada data prevalens alergi makanan di Indonesia. Alergi makanan paling banyak ditemukan pada anak berusia kurang dari 3 tahun. Perolehan data prevalens dapat dilakukan dengan survei berbasis web yang memiliki hasil sebaik survei langsung.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens alergi makanan pada anak usia kurang dari 3 tahun di Jakarta berbasis survei dalam jaringan (daring). Mengetahui angka penegakan diagnosis alergi makanan dari terduga alergi makanan, manifestasi klinis keluhan orangtua yang menandakan anaknya alergi makanan, jenis makanan penyebab, dan sebaran alergi makanan berdasarkan gambaran pemberian makan dan kejadian alergi keluarga.Metode. Studi ini adalah deskriptif potong lintang menggunakan survei daring selama Januari 2011-Oktober 2013. Orangtua anak usia <3 tahun di Jakarta yang mampu mengakses internet dengan keluhan kecurigaan alergi makanan pada anaknya, melakukan log masuk di www.alergianakku.com. Kuesioner daring yang terisi kemudian diseleksi sesuai inklusi. Konfirmasi diagnosis didapatkan dengan menanyakan ulang informasi alergi, termasuk melalui pemanggilan dan pemeriksaan langsung. Hasil. Sebanyak 286 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi; terdapat 100 subjek (35%) dengan terduga alergi makanan dan 30 subjek dari 100 subjek ditetapkan memiliki alergi makanan. Karakteristik subjek adalah mayoritas lelaki (60%) dan kelompok usia >12-36 bulan (48%). Pada kelompok alergi makanan, usia terbanyak >6-12 bulan (11/30). Gejala alergi makanan tersering adalah reaksi kulit (26/30). Makanan penyebab alergi tersering adalah susu sapi. Mayoritas subjek dengan alergi makanan mendapatkan ASI hingga usia 12 bulan (13/30); ASI eksklusif diberikan <6 bulan (23/30), dan makanan pendamping diberikan saat usia 2-4 bulan (13/30). Riwayat alergi pada keluarga (27/30) tersering adalah asma (12/30) dengan hubungan keluarga tersering ibu kandung (15/30). Simpulan. Prevalens alergi makanan pada anak usia kurang dari 3 tahun di Jakarta berbasis survei daring adalah 10,5%. Diagnosis alergi makanan dari terduga alergi makanan adalah 30%. Keluhan tersering yang menandakan alergi makanan adalah reaksi kulit. Jenis makanan tersering penyebab alergi adalah susu sapi. Mayoritas subjek dengan alergi makanan mendapatkan ASI hingga usia 12 bulan, ASI eksklusif diberikan kurang dari 6 bulan, diberikan makanan pendamping dini, dan sebagian besar memiliki riwayat alergi keluarga dengan hubungan tersering ibu kandung dan penyakit alergi keluarga tersering adalah asma.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Prevalence of food allergy is increasing in last decade; however there is no data from Indonesia yet. Food allergy is mostly found in children below 3 years of age. Web-based surveys can be used for obtaining prevalence data as well as direct surveys.Objectives. To know the prevalence of food allergy in children less than 3 years old in Jakarta based on online survey. To know the confirmed food allergy diagnosis from suspected food allergy, clinical manifestation of childhood food allergy based on the parent’s complaint, food etiology, and food allergy distribution based on feeding model and family allergic history.Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study with online survey during January 2011-October 2013. Parents, who have children <3 years old in Jakarta with suspected food allergy complaint and have access to internet, log in to www.alergianakku.com. The filled online questionnaire was selected by inclusion criteria. Confirmation of diagnosis was made by convincing allergic history, asking the subject to come and by direct examination. Results. Total 286 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 100 subjects (35%) were suspected food allergy, and 30 out of 100 were diagnosed food allergy. The majority characteristics of subjects were male (60%) and >12-36 months age group (48%). The majority of food allergy subjects were >6-12 months age group (11/30). The most frequent food allergy symptom was skin reaction (26/30). The most frequent food etiology was cow’s milk. The food allergy subjects were breastfed until the age of 12 months (13/30); were given exclusive breastfeeding less than 6 months (23/30) and complementary food at age 2-4 months (13/30). Most of them had family allergic history (27/30), with asthma (12/30) as the most frequent disease, and the most frequent relationship was mother (15/30). Conclusions. Prevalence of food allergy in children less than 3 years old in Jakarta based on online survey is 10.5%. The confirmed food allergy diagnosis from suspected food allergy is 30%. The most frequent clinical manifestation of childhood food allergy is skin reaction. The most frequent food etiology is cow’s milk. The food allergy subjects were breastfed until the age of 12 months; were given exclusive breastfeeding less than 6 months and complementary food at age 2-4 months. Most of them have family allergic history, the disease is asthma, and the relationship is mother"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Rinitis alergi RA merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi tinggi pada anak. Akhir-akhir ini, kekurangan vitamin D pada anak dipercaya berhubungan dengan disregulasi sistem imun, yang berujung pada makin beratnya RA. Analisis hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dan keparahan RA diperlukan untuk mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Tujuan: 1 Mengetahui rerata kadar vitamin D pada anak dengan rinitis alergi; 2 Membandingkan rerata kadar vitamin D pada anak dengan rinitis alergi dan anak pada populasi normal; 3 Mengetahui rerata kadar 25 OH D serum sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan rinitis alergiMetode: Penelitian potong lintang pada 60 anak usia 6-18 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan berkunjung ke RSCM dan RSI Pondok Kopi. Seluruh subyek dibagi menjadi kelompok rinitis alergi n=30 dan kontrol n=30 . Kemudian, dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar 25 OH D serum dengan cara CLIA chemiluminescence immunoassay . Kadar 25 OH D serum normal, insufisiensi, dan defisiensi lalu dihubungkan dengan RA berdasarkan lama gejala yaitu intermiten dan persisten. Hasil: Rerata kadar vitamin D pada anak dengan rinitis alergi didapatkan 17,75 SB 5,60 ng/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata kadar vitamin D di kelompok RA 17,75 5,60 ng/mL dengan kelompok kontrol 19,22 6,11 ng/mL , p=0,336. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara rerata kadar vitamin D pada rinitis intermiten 22,82 4,59 ng/mL dengan rinitis persisten 15,22 4,19 ng/mL , p

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ABSTRACT

Background. Allergic rhinitis AR was a global health problem with high prevalence in children. Recently, vitamin D deficiency in children was found to have a correlation with immune system dysregulation, which leads to more severe symptoms of AR. Association between vitamin D serum level and AR incidence is needed to prevent further complications.Aim. 1 to recognize mean vitamin D serum level in children with AR 2 to compare mean vitamin D serum level in children with AR and normal children population 3 to find out mean vitamin D serum level according to severity level of AR.Methods. A cross sectional study was performed in 60 children aged 6 18 years old, who meet the inclusion criteria and visit CM hospital and Islamic Pondok Kopi hospital. All subjects were divided into 2 groups AR group n 30 and control group n 30 . Blood were taken for 25 OH D serum level examination with CLIA method. Association between 25 OH D serum level normal, insufficiency, deficiency and severity level of AR intermittent and persistent was then being analyzed.Results. Mean vitamin D serum level in children with AR was 17,75 SD 5,60 ng mL. There was no significant difference between mean vitamin D serum level in AR group 17,75 5,60 ng mL and control group 19,22 6,11 ng mL , p 0,336. Association was found between mean vitamin D serum level in intermittent rhinitis 22,82 4,59 ng mL and persistent rhinitis 15,22 4,19 ng mL , p"

"Pendahuluan: Alergi merupakan suatu kondisi yang sangat sering ditemukan pada anak-anak dan dapat mempengaruhi kondisi fisik serta sosial dari mereka yang terkena. Ada banyak faktor yang diduga dapat memengaruhi reaksi alergi pada anak-anak seperti, status merokok orang tua, konsumsi air susu ibu, metode melahirkan, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara berbagai faktor dari alergi dengan kejadian reaksi alergi pada anak dibawah lima tahun di Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan subjek terdiri atas ayah dan atau ibu beserta dengan anaknya. Sebanyak 120 subjek ikut dalam penelitian ini. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan secara acak di berbagai puskesmas di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang dibuat berdasarkan UK’s diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis dan pedoman dari Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington untuk menilai reaksi alergi pada anak. Pengisian kuesioner dilakukan oleh ibu atau ayah. Analisa data akan dilakukan dengan uji deskriptif chi-square dan regresi logistik multivariat menggunakan IBM SPSS versi 24.Hasil: Hubungan yang signifikan terhadap alergi menurut uji chi-square ditemukan pada beberapa faktor seperti, konsumsi ASI dan status merokok ayah (p < 0,05). Hasil dari uji regresi logistik multivariat menunjukan bahwa faktor yang paling berperan dalam mengakibatkan reaksi alergi adalah durasi dari konsumsi ASI dan metode melahirkan (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang berperan mengakibatkan reaksi alergi pada anak di bawah lima tahun adalah durasi konsumsi ASI, metode kelahiran, status merokok ayah dan konsumsi ASI. Faktor yang paling berperan mengakibatkan reaksi alergi pada anak di bawah lima tahun adalah durasi konsumsi ASI dan metode kelahiran.

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Introduction: Allergy is a condition that is very often found in children and could affect their physical and social condition. There are a lot of factors suspected to affect allergic reactions in children such as, parental smoking status, breastmilk consumption, mode of delivery, and etc. This research aims to see the association between several factors of allergy and the occurrence of allergic reaction in children-under five years old in Jakarta.

Methods: This research used cross-sectional design with the subject consist of father and or mother as well as their children. A group of 120 subjects participated in this research. The selection of the research subjects was done randomly in several health centers in Jakarta. This research used questionnaire that is structured based on UK’s diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis and principles from Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington to assess allergic reactions in children. The filling of the questionnaire was done by father or mother. The data analysis was done using descriptive analysis chi-square and multivariate logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 24.

Results: Significance association towards allergy based on chi-square test was found in several factors such as, breastmilk consumption and father smoking status (p<0,05). The result of multivariate logistic regression test shows that the factor that affect the most in causing allergic reactions are duration of breastmilk consumption and mode of delivery.

Conclusion: The main factors that causes allergic reactions in children under-five years old from this research are duration of breastfeeding and mode of delivery. However, other than duration of breastfeeding and mode of delivery, father’s smoking status and breastfeeding were also found as risk factors of allergic reactions."

"Background The prevalence of allergic disease to be increasing across the world. More than 20 of the population worldwide suffer from diseases which mediated by immunoglobulin E, such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema. There is no data about allergen sensitization of allergic disease in Manado.Objective The purpose of this study is to know the allergen sensitization in children with allergic diseases atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma . Children were divided into group less than and more than or equal to 3 years old, which was evidenced by skin prick test or IgE Atopy test in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Methods This study was a descriptive cross sectional study, conducted from June until August 2016.Results A total of 95 children were included in the study, of which 77 children were ge 3 years old and 18 children were 3 years old. Seventy five children underwent skin prick test and 20 children underwent IgEAtopy test. In 3 years old children, there were 14 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 4 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and asthma. In ge 3 years old children, the most common diagnosis was allergic rhinitis, as many as 21 children. Allergen sensitization found in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis asthma was cow rsquo s milk, house dust mites and egg white. Sensitization to house dust mites most commonly found in patients with atopic dermatitis. The most common allergen sensitization in ge 3 years old children was house dust mites, egg white, potatoes, dog fur, cow 39 s milk, wheat flour and soya formula.Conclusion The most common allergen sensitization in 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis is cow 39 s milk, while in children with asthma and atopic dermatitis is house dust mites, whereas in ge 3 years old children with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, or combination of the disease is house dust mites."

"Tercatat 5.4% anak balita Indonesia gizi buruk dan 13.0% gizi kurang. Kualitas SDM Indonesia peringkat ke-124 dunia pada 2011 menurut UNDP. Konsumsi susu sebagai sumber makanan/minuman dengan zat gizi lengkap di Indonesia masih rendah, hanya 11,9 liter/kapita/tahun. Jumlah anak balita sebagai kelompok umur yang direkomendasikan mengonsumsi susu di Indonesia mencapai 22.6 juta jiwa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah media yang memuat iklan susu yang memapar, frekuensi paparan iklan susu, pendidikanorangtua (ayah dan ibu), pekerjaan orangtua (ayah dan ibu), pendapatan keluarga, pengetahuan gizi orangtua, jumlah anak, umur anak, dan alergi susu pada anakbalita dengan konsumsi susu anak balita di wilayah Kelurahan PekayonKecamatan Pasar Rebo Jakarta Timur.Desain studi berupa kuantitatif crosssectional dengan sampel 86 orangtua yang memiliki anak balita umur 13-59 bulan yang dipilih secara acak dari data total anak balita umur 13-59 bulan di wilayah Kelurahan Pekayon. Variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat konsumsi susu pada balita adalah jumlah media yang memuat iklan susu yang memapar (p value = 0.020; OR = 3.4), frekuensi paparan iklan susu (p value = 0.012; OR = 3.6), pendidikan ibu (p value = 0.004; OR = 5.9), pendapatan keluarga (p value = 0.012; OR = 4.0), pengetahuan gizi orangtua (p value = 0.006; OR = 7.1), jumlah anak (p value = 0.009; OR = 5.6 ), dan alergi (p value = 0.001; OR = 11.6 ).Perlu peran orangtua, kader kesehatan, dan kerjasama sektor pemerintah dari kementrian kesehatan, serta kementrian pertanian untuk meningkatkan konsumsisusu Indonesia.

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Recorded 18.4% under five years old children in Indonesia have undernutrition. The quality of Indonesian was number 124th in a world in 2011 according to UNDP. The prevalence of milk consumption in Indonesia was below (11,9 L/capita/year). The number of under five years old children in Indonesia, as a group that recommended to consume milk, was very large, around 22,6 million.The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the amount of mass media, frequencies of milk advertisement, parents? education, parents? employment status, family?s economic status, parents? nutrition knowledge, number of children, children?s age, and allergies with milk consumption among under five years old children in Kelurahan Pekayon, Pasar Rebo, East Jakarta.This study used quantitative cross sectional design with 86 parents as respondents and simple random sampling was used to choose the sample. The result of this study showed correlation between amount and frequencies of milk advertisement (p=0,020; OR=3,4 and p=0,012; OR=3,6), mother?s educational status (p=0,004; OR=5,9), family?s economic status (p=0,012; OR=4), nutrition knowledge (p=0,006; OR=7,1), number of children (p=0,009; OR=5,6), and allergies (p=0,001; OR=11,6).From these result we suggest that to increase milk consumption in Indonesia, the contribution of parents, health workers, and the collaboration between Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture is very important."

"Latar belakang: Penyakit alergi didasari reaksi hipersensitivitas yang diinisiasi mekanisme imunologi spesifik diperantarai oleh IgE. Warga kota Denpasar memiliki karakteristik spesifik, yaitu tingkat memelihara hewan berbulu anjing dan konsumsi daging babi yang tinggi. Data sensitisasi alergen pada anak di kota Denpasar belum ada. Penelitian sensitisasi alergen dapat memberikan gambaran sensitisasi spesifik untuk anak di kota Denpasar sehingga upaya pencegahan penyakit alergi dapat dilakukan dengan lebih efektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui sensitisasi alergen pada anak dengan penyakit alergi dermatitis atopi, asma, rinitis alergi yang dibuktikan melalui uji tusuk kulit di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang di Poliklinik Rawat Jalan Alergi Imunologi Bagian/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar, periode Januari 2017-Maret 2017. Anak usia 3-18 tahun dengan dermatitis atopi, asma, rinitis alergi dan orang tua setuju mengikuti penelitian akan diinklusi. Sensitisasi alergen dibuktikan melalui uji tusuk kulit terhadap alergen spesifik inhalan dan/atau ingestan, hasil positif bila diameter urtika 3 mm. Data dinyatakan sebagai proporsi, dilakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan jenis penyakit alergi dan umur. Hasil: Proporsi anak dengan penyakit alergi, yaitu dermatitis atopi 30,5, asma 57,9, dan rinitis alergi 56,8. Proporsi berdasarkan multimorbiditas penyakit adalah dermatitis atopi dengan asma 8,5, dermatitis atopi dengan rinitis alergi 4,2, asma dengan rinitis alergi 24,2, dermatitis atopi dengan asma dan rinitis alergi 4,2, dermatitis atopi 13,7, asma 21, rinitis alergi 24,2. Sensitisasi pada kelompok dermatitis atopi usia 3-6 tahun tersering terhadap alergen ingestan, usia sekolah baik pada dermatitis atopi, asma, maupun rinitis alergi sensitisasi terutama terhadap alergen inhalan D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, kecoa. Simpulan: Proporsi penyakit alergi tertinggi pada anak di kota Denpasar adalah asma dengan rinitis alergi. Sensitisasi terutama terhadap alergen inhalan pada anak usia sekolah.

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Background: Allergic disease in children is based on hypersensitivity reactions initiated by specific immunologic mechanism mediated by IgE. Residents of Denpasar city have their own characteristics in terms of the level of having furry animals dogs and the level of consumption of pork is high. While allergen sensitization data for the children of Denpasar is still not available. Allergen sensitization research in Denpasar will give a picture of the sensitization type specifically for children in Denpasar in order for having more effective prevention programs.

Objectives: To study the sensitization of allergens in children with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis that proven through skin prick test at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done in the Outpatient Immunology Allergy Polyclinic, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar in the period of January to March 2017. Children 3 18 years who are diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, and the parents signed a letter of approval, will be included. Allergen sensitization proven by skin prick test against specific allergens inhalants and or ingestants, and it classified positive results when indicating wheal diameter ge 3 mm. The data is calculated as a proportion number and is grouped based on the type of allergy and age.

Results: The proportion of children with allergy was atopic dermatitis 30.5, asthma 57.9, and allergic rhinitis 56.8. While the proportion based on the multimorbidity of the disease is atopic dermatitis with asthma 8.5, atopy dermatitis with allergic rhinitis 4.2, asthma with allergic rhinitis 24.2, atopy dermatitis with asthma and allergic rhinitis 4.2, atopic dermatitis 13, 7, asthma 21, and allergic rhinitis 24.2. Sensitization in the atopy dermatitis at age 3 6 years group frequently to ingestant allergen, but at school age in both atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis sensitization especially to inhalants allergen D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and cockroaches.

Conclusions: Children in Denpasar showed the highest proportion of allergies for asthma and allergic rhinitis, with the majority of allergen are inhaled at school age."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Rinitis Alergi adalah penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh reaksi alergi pada pasien atopi. Tungau debu rumah TDR merupakan aeroalergen tersering yang mensensitisasi reaksi alergi. Pada tahun 1988 reseptor vitamin D VDR , berhasil di klon. Reseptor vitamin D berlokasi di beberapa jaringan dan sel tubuh manusia, termasuk di peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs dan limfosit T yang telah teraktivasi. Riset yang lebih jauh memperlihatkan bahwa vitamin D mempunyai beberapa efek dari pengaturan sitokin terhadap beberapa sel yang berbeda dari sistem imun. Vitamin D dapat menekan respon Th1 dan Th2. Sel Th1 dan Th2 menghambat perkembangan satu sama lain.Tujuan. Melihat pengaruh pemberian Vitamin D terhadap kadar IL-10, IFN-? dan histamin pada kultur PBMC pasien rinitis alergiMetode. Sampel merupakan darah segar whole blood penderita rinitis alergi yang telah dilekukan prick test, serta diiisolasi dengan metode Ficoll. Bahan biologis tersimpan yang berupa supernatan kultur. Kultur sel limfosit sebelum perlakuan, diberi pendedahan tanpa atau dengan 1,25 OH 2D3 100 nM, waktu inkubasi 7 hari, dengan penambahan PHA dan alergen tungau pada hari ke-4. Kultur sel-sel PBMC dari pasien RA setelah perlakuan, dilakukan harvest pada hari ke-7, kemudian supernatanannya dialikuot untuk diukur kadar sitokin IFN-? dan IL-10, dan diuji secara statistik untuk melihat pola dari tiap parameter.Hasil: Pemberian alergen tungau tanpa vitamin D menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar histamin serta menurunkan kadar IL-10 dan IFN-?. Pemberian vitamin D pada kultur sel PBMC yang telah diberi alergen tungau menyebabkan peningkatan kadar IL-10 dan penurunan kadar IFN-? dan histamin.Simpulan: Menurunnya kadar histamin dan IFN-? terhadap stimulasi alergen tungau pasien rinitis alergi yang diberi vitamin D cenderung berhubungan dengan meningkatnya kiadar IL-10.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease caused by an allergic reaction in atopic patients. House dust mites TDR are the most common aeroalergens that sensitize allergic reactions. In 1988 vitamin D receptor VDR , successfully in clones. Vitamin D receptors are located in several tissues and human body cells, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs and activated T lymphocytes. Further research has shown that vitamin D has some effects of cytokine regulation on several cells different from the immune system. Vitamin D can suppress Th1 and Th2 responses. Th1 and Th2 cells inhibit the development of each other. Aim.To identify the Effect of Vitamin D On IL 10 IFN and histamine levels on PBMC Cultur of Allergic Rhinitis PatientsMethod. The sample is fresh blood whole blood of allergic rhinitis patients who have been prick tested, and isolated by Ficoll method. Pre treated lymphocyte culture, treated with or without 1,25 OH 2D3 100 nM, and incubated for 7 days, with addition of PHA and allergen mites on day 4. Cultures of PBMC cells from RA patients after treatment were harvested on day 7, then the supernatant was dialyzed for measured levels of IFN and IL 10 cytokines using elisa kits and tested statistically to see patterns of each parameter.Result. Giving allergen mites without vitamin D causes increased levels of histamine and lowers levels of IL 10 and IFN . Provision of vitamin D in PBMC cell culture that has been given allergen mites causes increased levels of IL 10 and decreased levels of IFN and histamine.Conclusion. Reduced levels of histamine and IFN against allergen mite stimulation of allergic rhinitis patients given vitamin D tend to be associated with increased IL 10 levels."