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"Are international courts effective tools for international governance? Do they fulfill the expectations that led to their creation and empowerment? Why do some courts appear to be more effective than others, and do so such appearances reflect reality? Could their results have been produced by other mechanisms? This book evaluates the effectiveness of international courts and tribunals by comparing their stated goals to the actual outcomes they achieve. Using a theoretical model borrowed from social science, the book assesses their effectiveness by analysing key empirical data."

"Summary:Presents a study of the principal negotiating processes and law-making tools by which international law is developed. This book looks at the UN, other international organisations, diplomatic conferences, codification bodies, NGOs, and courts in identifying the processes, participants and instruments employed in the making of international law"

"ICC adalah sebuah pengadilan independen permanen yang bertujuan untuk menuntut individu yang melakukan kejahatan paling serius yang menjadi perhatian internasional, yaitu seperti genosida, kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dan kejahatan perang. ICC didirikan pada tanggal 1 Juli 2002 dan bermarkas di kota Den Haag, Belanda. ICC adalah pengadilan terakhir di mana ICC tidak akan bertindak jika kasus telah atau sedang diselidiki atau dituntut oleh sistem peradilan nasional kecuali proses nasional tersebut tidak adil, misalnya jika proses formal dilakukan semata-mata untuk melindungi seseorang dari tanggung jawab pidana. Jadi, salah satu tujuan didirikannya ICC adalah untuk membantu mengakhiri kekebalan hukum bagi para pelaku kejahatan paling serius yang menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional. Selain itu, ICC hanya mencoba mengadili mereka yang dituduh melakukan kejahatan yang paling parah. Dalam setiap kegiatan, ICC mengamati standar tertinggi keadilan dan proses pengadilan. Yurisdiksi dan fungsi ICC diatur oleh Statuta Roma yang merupakan hasil konferensi internasional di Roma pada Juni 1998 (diadopsi 17 Juli 1998). Banyak kalangan menilai bahwa proses keikutsertaan (ratifikasi) Indonesia ke Statuta Roma (yang menjadi dasar pembentukan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional) berjalan sangat lambat. Meskipun saat ini terdapat 119 negara yang telah menjadi Negara Pihak pada Statuta Roma, proses ratifikasi oleh Indonesia masih belum dapat dilaksanakan sebagaimana yang direncanakan Pemerintah. Untuk itu, Penulis memandang perlu untuk menyampaikan beberapa sumbangan pemikiran yang diharapkan dapat mendorong proses ratifikasi tersebut. Sejalan dengan maksud tersebut, tulisan ini akan diawali dengan pembahasan secara ringkas manfaat dan urgensi ratifikasi Statuta Roma. Selanjutnya, tulisan ini juga akan secara khusus menganalisa beberapa mispersepsi (kesalahpahaman) yang selama ini menurut Penulis telah menghambat dan menjadi kendala proses ratifikasi di Indonesia. Kemudian di bagian akhir, selain memberikan beberapa kesimpulan, tulisan ini juga akan menyampaikan beberapa saran yang dapat dipertimbangkan oleh Pemerintah guna mempercepat proses ratifikasi Statuta Roma."

"Penegakana hukum internasional melalui pembentukan berbagai pengadilan internasional yang bertujuan untuk mengadili para pelaku kejahatan internasioal. Pengadilan internasional memiliki lingkup kejahatan internasional, walaupun saat ini berkembang pula variasi pengadilan internasional yaitu pengadilan campuran yang mempunyai kewenangan kejahatan nasional dan internasional. Namun, dengan adanya Pengadilan Khusus untuk Lebanon Special Tribunal for Lebanon/ STL, persepsi bahwa pengadilan internasional selalu bertujuan untuk mengadili kejahatan internasional berubah karena STL merupakan pengadilan pertama yang bertujuan sepenuhnya untuk kejahatan nasional tanpa ada unsur kejahatan internasional sama sekali. Kejahatan nasional di sini adalah mengadili pelaku terorisme dalam kasus pembunuhan perdana menteri Lebanon, Rafik Hariri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap hukum positif tertulis, termasuk meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tujuan pembentukan STL yang dirasa janggal karena menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah kejahatan nasional STL mempunyai alasan yang kuat bagi DK PBB untuk menggunakan kewenangannya berdasarkan Bab VII Piagam PBB mengenai perdamaian dan keamanan dunia. Penelitian ini juga membahas karakteristik-karakteristik khusus STL yang membedakan dengan pengadilan-pengadilan internasional sebelumnya. Pada hasilnya, disamping adanya beberapa unsur politik, STL dibentuk karena adanya keinginan pemerintah Lebanon untuk mengadili pelaku pembunuhan perdana menteri Rafik Hariri melalui pengadilan yang berkarakter internasional dan independen.

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The purpose of enforcement of international law through the establishment of international courts is to try the criminals of international crimes. The international courts have the jurisdiction of international crimes, despite today rsquo s development of various international tribunals such as the hybrid courts that have the jurisdiction both international and national crimes.

However, the existence of Special Tribunal for Lebanon gives the perception that international courts have always aimed to try the international crimes criminals has changed because STL is the first international court that aims fully to try the national crimes without any international crimes element. The national crimes under STLs jurisdiction is to prosecute and investigate the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri.

This paper uses juridical normative method which uses written applicable laws and literatures, with the aim to get to know the aim of STL establishment as to be assumed peculiar as it incurs the question whether the national crimes under STL jurisdiction have the strong reasons for the UN Security Council to use its authority under Part VII of UN Charter regarding international peace and security.

This paper also explains the STL rsquo s special characteristics that distinguish with the previous international courts. The results shows that despite the political instruments, STL was established as the request of the Lebanese government to prosecute the criminals of the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri by establishing a tribunal that has impartial and international characters."

""By offering both a comprehensive update and new material reflecting the continuing development of the subject, this continues to be the leading textbook on international criminal law. Its experienced author team draws on its combined expertise as teachers, scholars and practitioners to offer an authoritative survey of the field. The third edition contains new material on the theory of international criminal law, the practice of international criminal tribunals, the developing case law on principles of liability and procedures and new practice on immunities. It offers valuable supporting online materials such as case studies, worked examples and study guides. Retaining its comprehensive coverage, clarity and critical analysis, it remains essential reading for all in the field"--"The international criminal courts and tribunals which deal with perpetrators of atrocities are an established part of the effort to bring an end to impunity for international crimes. This leading textbook gives an authoritative account of international criminal law, and focuses on what the student needs to know - the crimes that are dealt with by international courts and tribunals as well as the procedures that govern the investigation and prosecution of those crimes. The reader is guided through controversies with an accessible, yet sophisticated, approach. The four authors have rich experience as lawyers in this field, as teachers of the subject, and as negotiators at the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The book covers new developments in the case law and the practice and is essential reading for students and teachers of international criminal law and international relations. It is supplemented by a package of online resources (www.cambridge.org/​law/​cryer), which offers convenient access to primary sources, excerpts for supplementary reading, problems and questions for reflection and discussion, and materials for exercises and simulations. Robert Cryer is Professor of International and Criminal Law at the University of Birmingham. Hn Friman is is an Associate Judge of Appeals in Sweden and Deputy Director of the Division of Criminal Law at the Swedish Ministry of Justice. He is Visiting Professor at University College London. Darryl Robinson is a professor at Queen's University, Faculty of Law, Kingston, Canada. Elizabeth Wilmshurst is a senior fellow in international law at Chatham House and Visiting Professor at University College London"--"

"A central development in international law is the intensified juridification of international relations by a growing number of international courts. With this in mind, this book discusses how international judicial authority is established and managed in key fields of international economic law: trade law, investor-state arbitration and international commercial arbitration. Adopting a unique legal-centric approach, the analysis explores the interplay between these areas of economic dispute resolution, tracing their parallel developments and identifying the ways they influence each other on processual mechanisms and solutions. Drawing together contributions from many leading scholars across the world, this volume considers issues such as the usage of precedent and the role of legitimacy, suggesting that the consolidation of judicial authority is a universal trend which impacts on state behaviour."