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"The purpose of the research is to identify the potential of the local chitinolitic bacteria as biocontrol of Aedes aegypti L.This research has been conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Mathematics and Science Faculty, University ofSyiah Kuala. The chitinolitic bacteria were isolated from water that taking in some area in Banda Aceh and GreaterAceh. The method used was an experimental method using completely randomize factorial designed (CRFD) with twofactorial and consists of 6 isolates of chitinolitic bacteria and 4 concentrations of bacteria (0.0 mL, 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL dan1.5 mL). The results show that the isolates bacteria do not have any effect on the Aedes aegypti L. Larvae death in thetransformation from larvae to pupa until the seventh observation day. The concentration of the bacteria influences theAedes aegypti L. larvae death during the transformation larvae to pupa."

"The purpose of the research is to identify the potential of the local chitinolitic bacteria as biocontrol of Aedes aegypti L.This research has been conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Mathematics and Science Faculty, University ofSyiah Kuala. The chitinolitic bacteria were isolated from water that taking in some area in Banda Aceh and GreaterAceh. The method used was an experimental method using completely randomize factorial designed (CRFD) with twofactorial and consists of 6 isolates of chitinolitic bacteria and 4 concentrations of bacteria (0.0 mL, 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL dan1.5 mL). The results show that the isolates bacteria do not have any effect on the Aedes aegypti L. Larvae death in thetransformation from larvae to pupa until the seventh observation day. The concentration of the bacteria influences theAedes aegypti L. larvae death during the transformation larvae to pupa.Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik Isolat Lokal sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti L. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui potensi dari bakteri kitinolitik isolat lokal sebagai biokontrol Aedes aegypti L. Penelitian ini telah dilakukandi laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Syiah Kuala. Bakterikitinolitik diisolasi dari perairan di daerah Banda Aceh dan Aceh Besar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metodeeksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor, yang terdiri dari 6 isolat bakteri kitinolitik dan 4konsentrasi dari bakteri (0,0 mL, 0,5 mL, 1,0 mL dan 1,5 mL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri tidakmemberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti L. maupun perubahan bentuk dari larvamenjadi pupa selama tujuh hari pengamatan. Konsentrasi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kematian larvaAedes aegypti L. maupun perubahan bentuk dari larva menjadi pupa."

"Currently, we reported results of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific 5` untranslated region (UTR) region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome that showed three different patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments (single expected specific DNA band, single DNA band higher in size than an expected band, and multiple DNA bands). Three isolates (Isolate A, B, and C), representing all the three DNA bands, were analyzed by using phylogenetic trees. The results showed that the Isolate A, B, and C were classified into HCV genotypes 2, 1, and 3, respectively. The Isolate A and B were very closely related to viral isolates from Madagascar and Brazil, respectively and were not closely related to other Indonesia isolates. In contrast with the Isolate A and B, the Isolate C was very closely related to another Indonesia isolate. Among all there isolates, the Isolate C was very closely related to an Indonesia isolate detected from a cirrhosis patient, indicating that the Isolate C might be more virulence than the Isolate B and C. However, a complete genome-based comprehensive genetic characterization for all the three isolates needs to be conducted in future research to confirm all findings in this study."

"AbstrakOver the past decade, antimalarial drug resistance has rapidly become a major public health problem in South East Asia region including South Sumatra. This study aimed to determine the extent of gene polymorphisms associated with chloroquine resistance (CQR) in P. falciparum isolates from Lahat, Sekayu, Baturaja and Palembang district.Methods: A molecular study was conducted to identify the mutant alleles of the genes associated with the resistance to chloroquine among the isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from South Sumatera. Blood from 25 patients was collected, DNA was isolated, and the sequences of two different genes (Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter/pfcrt and Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance/pfmdr1) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).Results: This study identified polymorphism in the pfcrt 76-Thr in all isolates and pfmdr1 86-Tyr. These findings may reflect the failure of treatment with the standard dose of chloroquine within the last few years in South Sumatera.Conclusion: PCR-RFLP technique provide a simple and rapid method of detecting polymorphisms in genes that may predict chloroquine resistance (CQR). Although the identification of the polymorphism in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes provides a significant indicator of CQR, further studies are needed to determine the role of these polymorphisms in the in vivo and in vitro responses to drug treatment."

"Penelitian ini mempunyai dua tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui efek diet tinggi lemak dalam meningkatkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus strain Wistardan efek ekstrak Garcinia dioicadalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksp erimental Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan kadar kolesterol kelompok tanpalemak tinggi lemak uji a uji b dan uji c secara berurutan adalah 71 4 g dL 73 2 g dL 28 8 g dL 28 8 dan 21 6 g dL Disimpulkan bahwa diet tinggi lemak dapat menaikkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus yang diberikan PTU tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik serta ekstrak Garcinia dioica dap at menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah tikus yang diberikan diet tinggi lemak.

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This study has two purposes to find out the effectof high fat diet in increasing blood cholesterol Wistar rat strains andto find out the effect of Garcinia dioica extract in lowering blood cholesterol level in rats The design used in this study is experimental The findings show that the cholesterol group level of without fat of high fat of test a of test b and of test c respectively is 71 4 g dL 73 2 g dL 28 8 g dL 28 8 and 21 6 g dL Conclusions of this study are that thehigh fat diet can raise rat rsquo s blood cholesterol levels given PTU even though it is not meaningful statistically and that Garcinia dioica extract can lower rat rsquo s blood cholesterol given high fat diet."

"Latar belakang: Bayamduri (Amaranthus spinosus L.) adalah herbal tradisional yang digunakan untuk pengobatan malaria dan belum banyak data penelitian tentang ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas skizontisidal ekstrak air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L) (EABD) terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo. Metode: Mencit jantan (galur Balb/c) dengan berat 28-30 g, 7-8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: kontrol, Kelompok A: kontrol negatif, 2 Kelompok perlakuan (B dan C). Kelompok B: ekstrak Amaranthus 120 mg/kgBB, 1 kali per hari selama 4 hari. dan kelompok C: klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB sekali sehari selama 3 hari. Seluruh perlakuan diberikan melalui oral. Hasil: Aktivitas skizontisidal darah terlihat pada semua kelompok perlakuan (B dan C), Aktivitas tertinggi terlihat pada kelompok B yaitu 91,20 ± 0,73 %, sedang kelompok C sebesar 88,92 ± 1,10 %. Kedua kelompok berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol, p≤0,05, namun kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna satu sama lain, p≥0,05. Terjadi peningkatan berat badan pada kelompok EABD yang hampir sama dengan kelompok kontrol dan lebih besar dibanding kelompok klorokuin (7,6 % vs 7,05% dan 5,48%). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak air bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus) (EABD) dosis 120 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas skizontisidal darah yang sama baik dengan pemberian klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo.

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Background: Amaranthus spinosus is a traditional herb used for the treatment of malaria, but the information of it?s activity still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the schizonticidal effect of a water extract of Amaranthus spinosus against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Methods: Male mice (Balb/c strain) weighing 28-30 g, 7-8 weeks old, were randomly devided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group K: controls (nil), Group A: negative controls, and 2 treatment groups (B and C). Group B: Amaranthus 120 mg/kgBW, once per day for 4 days and group C: Chloroquine 10 mg/kgBW, once a day for 3 days. All treatments administrated orally.

Results: Blood schizonticidal activity was seen in all treatment groups, the highest activity was seen in group B ( 91.20 ± 0.73%), and group C was 88.92 ± 1.10%. Both groups were significantly different compared to control, p≤0,05), but there were no different within both group. An increase in body weight in group B are almost the same as group K and greater than group C (7.6% vs 7.05% and 5.48%).

Conclusion: The Amaranthus spinosus water extract (ASWE) at a dose 120 mg/kgBW demonstrated a good blood schizonticidal activity as well as chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice."