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"Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors.

Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015.The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analyzed.

Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37±11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR 2.054), BMI >30kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD.

Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors."

"Background: Based on our knowledge, the study of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) among certain profession has never been conducted. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GERD among Indonesian doctors.Methods: A consecutive study involving 515 doctors was conducted in October 2015.The GerdQ score was used to the diagnosis of GERD and determined its impact on daily life. All possible risk factors were also analyzed.Results: A total of 515 subjects completed the questionnaire. The mean age of them was 41.37±11.92 years old. Fifty-five percent of them were male and 60.6% general practitioners. The prevalence of GERD was 27.4% of which 21.0% was had GERD with low impact on daily life, and 6.4% was GERD with high impact on daily life. The statistically significant risk factors of GERD was found in age >50 y.o (p = 0.002; OR 2.054), BMI >30kg/m2 (p = 0.016; OR 2.53), and smokers (p = 0.031; OR 1.982). Sex and education level were not found significant statistically as the risk factors of GERD.Conclusions: The prevalence of GERD among Indonesian physician was 27.4%. We found that age over 50 y.o, obesity and smoking habit were the risk factors of GERD in Indonesian doctors."

"Cardiovascular disease causes 8.6 million deaths of women every year, which is the major cause of death by one-third of all deaths of women in the world.Half of all deaths of women older than 50 years old is caused by cardiovascular and stroke diseases. This study aimed to analyze risk factors related to coronaryheart disease among women aged older than 45 years at Dody Sarjoto Makassar Air Force Hospital 2016. The total of sample was 76 consisting of 64cases of coronary heart disease and 12 non-coronary heart disease. Determination of sample used purposive sampling. Primary data were obtained throughinterview to respondents using questionnaire and direct interview. Data were analyzed by using contingency correlation coefficient (Exp (B)) test to identifysignificant relation between dependent and independent variables. Results found were hypertension (Exp (B) = 0.309), obesity (Exp (B) = 0.140), diabetesmellitus (Exp (B) = 0.164) and dyslipidemia (Exp (B) = 0.185), as proven having relation with coronary heart disease among women aged older than 45 years,and the factor which had the most significant relation was dyslipidemia.Penyakit kardiovaskuler menyebabkan 8.6 juta kematian pada perempuan setiap tahun, yang merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak, yaitu sepertiga dariseluruh kematian perempuan di seluruh dunia. Setengah dari seluruh kematian perempuan berusia di atas 50 tahun disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung danstroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun di RumahSakit TNI AU Dody Sarjoto Makassar. Besar sampel sebanyak 76 sampel yang terdiri dari 64 kasus penyakit jantung koroner dan 12 kasus non penyakit jantungkoroner. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap responden dengan menggunakankuesioner dan wawancara langsung. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji koefisien korelasi kontingensi (Exp (B)) terhadap variabel independen dandependen. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan adalah obesitas (Exp (B) = 0.140), diabetes mellitus (Exp (B) = 0.164), dan dislipidemia (Exp (B) = 0.185) terbuktimemiliki hubungan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner pada perempuan usia > 45 tahun dan faktor yang memiliki hubungan paling besar adalah dislipidemia."

"Background: Each kidney injury may develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) that associates with high mortality and socio-economic burden. There is limited data about clinical characteristics of children having CKD in developing countries, espesially in Indonesia.Objective: To describe clinical profiles and characteristics of kidney diseases in adolescents aged 15-18 years.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which used data from National Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013. There were 2 data groups. The first data group included questionnaires about history of kidney stone disease, hypertension, chronic renal failure, antihypertension administration, and blood pressure measurement. The second data group included subsamples of the first group which had laboratory test results, i.e. hemoglobin and serum creatinine levels. All of the data were classified by nutritional status, estimated glomerulofiltration rate (eGFR), blood pressure classification, and hemoglobin level.Results: Among 52,454 adolescents in the first data group, 20,537 (39%) had kidney diseases with female predominance and good nutritional status. Other findings found were history of kidney stone disease (0.2%), chronic renal failure (0.1%), history of hypertension (0.6%), antihypertensive agents consumption (0.1%). Prehypertension and hypertension were found in 51% and 48.3% of adolescents, respectively. Adolescents with decreased eGFR were accounted for 1.4%.Conclusion: The proportion of prehypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 15-18 years in Indonesia is high. Hence, routine blood pressure measurement is important for early detection and prevention of kidney disease progression."

"Continuity of breastfeeding process when mothers return to work is a serious issue that immediately must be followed up, so that exclusive breastfeedingprogram within the first six months can be achieved. Beside providing many benefits for babies, breastfeeding is also beneficial for mothers and entrepreneurs.This study aimed to determine relation of working mothers to exclusive breastfeeding. This study used was cross-sectional design with secondary dataof Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012 with samples as many as 1,193 mothers aged 15 – 49 years who had 0 – 5-month-old babies. Basedon multivariate analysis, working mothers could decrease opportunity of exclusive breastfeeding in which mother who worked all the time were 1.54 timesmore likely not to give exclusive breastfeeding than mothers who did not work after controlled by maternal age at childbirth, household wealth index, and antenatalcare frequency (p = 0.038; 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.3). Fulltime working mothers are twofold more likely to not be able to give exclusive breasfedding thanunemployed mothers after being controlled by counfounder variable.Keberlangsungan proses menyusui pada saat ibu kembali bekerja merupakan isu serius yang harus segera ditindaklanjuti agar program pemberian Air SusuIbu (ASI) eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan dapat tercapai. Selain memberikan banyak manfaat bagi bayi, ASI juga bermanfaat bagi ibu danpengusaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ibu bekerja terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potonglintang dengan data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dengan sampel berjumlah 1.193 ibu berusia 15 – 49 tahunyang memiliki bayi berusia 0-5 bulan. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, ibu bekerja dapat menurunkan peluang pemberian ASI eksklusif dimana ibu yang bekerjasepanjang waktu lebih berisiko 1,54 kali untuk tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif dibandingkan ibu yang tidak bekerja setelah dikontrol oleh usia melahirkanibu, indeks kesejahteraan rumah tangga dan frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan (p = 0,038; CI 95% = 1,0 - 2,3). Ibu bekerja dua kali memiliki peluang untuktidak dapat memberikan ASI eksklusif daripada ibu yang tidak bekerja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel perancu."

"Toddler is a group at risk of undernutrition in which World Health Organization stated that toddler mortality because of undernutrition was 54% in 2002. InIndonesia, its prevalence increased from 17.9% in 2010 to 19.6% in 2013. In Tangerang City, there was 1.43% of toddlers suffering from undernutrition in2013. This study aimed to prove in valid the relation between Hearth Program, which covered behaviors of food providing, toddler’s hygiene, health care seekingand toddler parenting, with undernutrition incidence among toddlers. This study was quantitative, cross-sectional, using primary data, analyzed in univariate,bivariate and multivariate within September 2015. Samples were taken by total sampling as many as 60 toddlers suffering from undernutrition in TangerangCity. Results showed that 12 (20%) of 60 toddlers suffered from very underweight nutrition and the remaining 48 toddlers (80%) suffered from underweightnutrition. There was a relation between food-providing behavior and health-care seeking behavior with undernutrition among toddlers. Variable food-providingbehavior was the dominant factor influencing undernutrition among toddlers with OR = 4.655 (CI = 1.052 – 20.6) after controlled by the variable healthcare-seeking behavior.Kelompok yang rentan terhadap gizi kurang adalah anak bawah lima tahun (balita). World Health Organization menyatakan kematian balita akibat gizi kurangsebesar 54% pada tahun 2002. Di Indonesia, prevalensinya mengalami peningkatan dari 17,9% tahun 2010 menjadi 19,6% tahun 2013. Di KotaTangerang, terdapat 1,43% balita yang mengalami gizi buruk tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara valid hubungan Program PosGizi yang meliputi perilaku pemberian makan, kebersihan balita, pencarian pelayanan kesehatan dan pengasuhan balita dengan kejadian gizi kurang padabalita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, potong lintang, menggunakan data primer serta dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat selamabulan September 2015. Sampel diambil secara total sampling sebanyak 60 balita yang mengalami gizi kurang di Kota Tangerang. Hasil menunjukkanbahwa dari 60 balita yang mengalami gizi kurang, sebanyak 12 balita (20%) mengalami gizi sangat kurus dan sisanya sejumlah 48 balita (80%) mengalamigizi kurus. Terdapat hubungan perilaku pemberian makan dan pencarian pelayanan kesehatan dengan gizi kurang pada balita. Variabel perilaku pemberianmakan merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi gizi kurang pada balita dengan OR = 4,655 (CI = 1,052 – 20,6) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel perilakumencari pelayanan kesehatan."

"Adaptation and natural selection serve as an important part of evolution. Adaptation in molecular levelcan lead to genetic drift which causes mutation of genetic material; one of which is polymorphism of mitochondrialDNA (mtDNA). The aim of this study is to verify the polymorphism of mitochondrially-encoded AdenosineTriphosphate synthase6gene (MT-ATP6) as one of mtDNA building blocks among tropic, sub-tropic, and polar areas.Methods: This descriptive quantitative research used 3,210 mtDNA sequences, taken from GenBank, as secondary datafrom 27 different populations. The data were grouped into 3 population groups based on the climates of their location.After grouping, the sequences were then aligned and trimmed using Unipro EUGENE, and analyzed by Arlequin andMitoTool. Results: Results demonstrated 21 haplotypes distributed among 3 populations with variations between eachclimate population. In the tropic and sub-tropic populations, the dominant haplotype is h1 while h6 is dominant in thepolar population. Conclusions: There is a variation of haplotype polymorphism between tropic, sub-tropic, and polarclimate population."

"AbstrakUpper Respiratory Infection (URI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of infants and toddlers in developing countries. The high infant morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia are associated with the low exclusive breastfeeding ability. Breast milk is a natural drink for newborns in the first month of life that is beneficial not only for the babies, but also for mothers. The aim of study was to determine exclusive breastfeeding and decrease in incidence of URI among infants aged 6-12 months. This study was conducted by using case control design. Samples were taken by using cluster random sampling. Subject of study consisted of 162 cases and 162 control with infants aged 6-12 years. Cases were 162 infants aged 6-12 months suffering from URI within one last month and taken by mothers to primary health care that was selected location of study, while control was mothers who took their infants aged 6-12 months who did not suffer from URI within one last month to the selected primary health care. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, stratification, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results of study found that infants who were not exclusively breastfed were 1.69 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.80) more at risk of increasing URI incidence compared to infants who were breastfed exclusively after controlled by smoker in house and immunization variables. Health promotion of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding, provision of immunization, and anti-smoking program need to be implemented continuously to decrease the rates of morbidity and mortality due to URI disease."