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"This article reveals the opening of political and legal opportunities for the landless peasants of Central Java at the end of the 1990s to reclaim their lands that were confiscated during the end of the 1950s through a nationalization program to take over Dutch-controlled lands. Taking two sites of plantations that have been targeted as the peasantries’ land reclaiming campaign, this article shows the processes of the reclaiming, the responses of both plantation companies and state, and the respect of the state over rights to access lands or property rights of the peasants as citizens. Using some legal and anthropological approaches, this article finds that the state—through its apparatuses in business units, legal enforcement agencies, government units, courts, etc—is trapped in a Stocksian Paradox that is worse than its original Latin American version because the state has a deep conflict of interest as one of the “counter-claimants” of the indigenous or peasantries’ claim to rights to property/land. The authors recommend that although a robust civil society representing the peasantries is one of important parts in rights-reclaiming campaigns, the deeper Stocksian Paradox remains the biggest stumbling block in fulfilling state’s roles as rights-givers to its citizens.Artikel in menunjukkan terbukanya peluang-peluang politis dan hukum bagi petani tak bertanah di Jawa Tengah di penghujung tahun 1990-an untuk menuntut kembali tanah mereka yang pernah dirampas pemerintah di akhir tahun 1950-an selama program nasionalisasi atas tanah-tanah yang dikuasai perusahaan perkebunan atau orang-orang Belanda. Melalui naratif di dua lokasi perkebunan yang dijadikan tempat penuntutan kembali tanah oleh para petani tak bertanah, artikel ini merunut kembali proses penuntutan kembali tanah, reaksi perusahaan perkebunan dan negara, dan penghormatan negara atas hak konstitusional warga negara atas hak atas tanah atau properti. Dengan pendekatan legal dan antropologis, artikel ini menemukan bahwa negara—lewat aparat berwujud unit-unit usaha, badan-badan penegakan hukum, unit-unit pemerintahan lokal, pengadilan, dan lainnya—telah terjebak dalam Paradox Stocksian yang ternyata lebih buruk daripada versi aslinya di Amerika Latin karena negara terjebak dalam konflik kepentingan yang sulit sebagai satu dari pemain dalam perebutan hak atas tanah. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun masyarakat sipil yang kuat mewakili kepentingan warga negara atau petani tak bertanah sangatlah penting dalam usaha-usaha penuntutan kembali hak atas tanah, Paradox Stocksian tetaplah menjadi bantu sandungan terbesar bagi negara untuk memenuhi hak-hak konstitusional warga negaranya."

"ABSTRAKIndonesia dianggap sebagai salah satu negara penghasil cengkeh terbesar di Indonesia dunia. Namun, saat ini produk yang diekspor sebagian besar masih dalam bentuk mentah rempah-rempah, tidak memiliki nilai jual yang lebih tinggi. Beberapa daerah di Indonesia sudah diproses itu menjadi produk minyak cengkeh, tetapi yang berkualitas rendah. Suatu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untukmeningkatkan kualitas ekspor potensi lokal Indonesia adalah dengan biokonversi eugenol yang terkandung dalam minyak cengkeh menjadi produk penyusun aroma seperti vanillin. IniPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi molekul bakteri yang diisolasi dari cengkeh tanah perkebunan di Jawa Tengah yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai eugenol Bakteri biokonversi dengan menggunakan ech (enoyl coA-hydratase) dan fcs (feruloyl gen coA-synthetase). Analisis in silico dilakukan dengan terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan gen fcs dari basis data DNA pada Genbank untuk merancang ech dan fcs maju dan mundur primer. Bakteri tanah yang dikumpulkan dari perkebunan cengkeh di Jawa Tengah diisolasi menggunakan a media selektif dan DNA genom kemudian diekstraksi. Teknik PCR dilakukan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gen ech dan fcs yang ditunjukkan oleh band diperkuat dalam isolat. Amplikon yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan gel agarosa elektroforesis. Sequencing Sanger DNA dilakukan untuk menentukan spesies bakteri yang ditemukan dalam isolat. Hasil sekuensing DNA kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode BLAST di NCBI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, bakteri ditemukan di lahan perkebunan cengkeh di Jawa Tengah diduga positif memiliki gen pemrosesan eugenol, gen fcs. Spesies bakteri yang diidentifikasi terutama Burkholderia sp. Namun lebih banyak pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan dalam upaya untuk mendapatkanamplikon yang lebih spesifik yang mewakili gen ech dan fcs

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ABSTRACTIndonesia is considered as one of the largest clove producing countries in the world. However, currently most of the products exported are still in raw form, which has a higher selling value. Some regions in Indonesia have started to become clove oil, but of low quality. An effort that can be done to improving the quality of Indonesia's local export potential by bioconversion of eugenol contained in clove oil into aroma constituent products such as vanillin. This The aim of this research is to discuss the bacteria isolated from clove plantation land in Central Java that were developed to be developed as eugenol Bacteria bioconversion using ech (enoyl coA-hydratase) and fcs (feruloyl coA-synthetase gene). Analysis in silico is carried out by first collecting the fcs gene from the DNA database on Genbank for primary and backward ech and primary approval. Soil bacteria collected from clove plantations in Central Java were isolated using selective media and the DNA genome was then extracted. The PCR technique was carried out to replace the ech and fcs genes that were approved by the band supported in isolates. The amplicons obtained were analyzed using agarose electrophoretic gel. Sanger DNA sequencing was carried out to determine the bacterial species found in the isolates. The DNA sequencing results were then analyzed using the BLAST method at NCBI. Based on the results of this study, bacteria found in clove plantations in Central Java tested positive for having a gene that supports eugenol, the fcs gene. The protected bacterial species are mainly Burkholderia sp. More work needs to be done in an effort to get more specific amplicons that represent ech and fcs genes"

"Conservation of degraded land in Indonesia requires maps of degraded land. The maps were established based on a model developed in 1998 by the then Indonesia Department of Forestry. The model has 2 weaknesses i.e. 1. high level of uncertainty due to vector-based data used to build the thematic maps and 2. parameters redundancy or duplication from the model. This research was aimed to build up a proposed model on levels of degraded land at Merawu Watershed using fully raster-based data supported with remote sensing and GIS techniques. Parameters analyzed were Slope, Erosivity (R), Erodibility (K), Slope Length and Steepness (LS), Cover and Management (C), Support Practice (P) and Percentage of Canopy Cover. These data were presented in fully raster format. Management parameter was not explicitly used in this research because management parameter was already represented by the C and P parameters . Five parameters were directly obtained using fully raster format, i.e. Slope, LS, C, P and Percentage of Canopy Cover. The other 2 parameters went through spatial interpolation process before being presented as fully raster format. Correlation analysis among parameters was carried out. Parameters having high correlation coefficient (r ≥ 0.8) were excluded from the model to avoid redundancy. The proposed model only used parameters having low correlation coefficient. The research result showed that the determination of levels of degraded land was more accurate when using only erosion parameters, formulated as: Level of Degraded Land (LoDL) ≈ Erosion ≈ R x K x LS x C x P."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang Hak Tanggungan Atas Sekuritisasi Aset Kredit Perumahan di Indonesia, Pemerintah berdasarkan Perpres No. 19 tahun 2005 mendirikan lembaga pembiayaan Sekunder Perumahan bernama PT. Sarana Multigriya Finansial (PT. SMF) sebagai wadah dalam rangka menghimpun dana untuk sektor perumahan. Kegiatan utama PT. SMF meliputi, penyaluran pinjaman jangka menengah/panjang bagi bank penerbit KPR dan program sekuritisasi aset kredit perumahan. Perlunya dilakukan penelitian terhadap pelaksanaan sekuritisasi aset kredit pemilikan rumah bertujuan untuk menelaah kedudukan lembaga jaminan hak tanggungan sebagai lembaga yang melindungi kepentingan hukum bagi investor apabila terjadi wanprestasi oleh debitur KPR beserta kendalakendalanya. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan sinkronisasi peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum karena dilakukan penelitian terhadap hukum positif tertulis. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa, kedudukan jaminan hak tanggungan dalam Perjanjian kredit tidak mempengaruhi eksekusi apabila debitur wanprestasi, karena pada dasarnya jaminan hak tanggungan tersebut merupakan perjanjian accesoir dari perjanjian pemberian KPR antara Penerbit KPR dengan debitur KPR, serta berdasarkan asas dari lembaga jaminan hak tanggungan Droit de suit, bahwa jaminan hak tanggungan tetap mengikuti objek jaminan KPR, meskipun telah beralih ke kreditur baru yakni pihak investor. Dengan demikian apabila terjadi kredit macet atau cidera janji oleh nasabah KPR, maka yang akan dieksekusi adalah hak tanggungan atas objek KPR.

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This thesis discuss about Judicial Review of Indonesian Security Rights Over Land on Asset Securitization of Housing Credit in Indonesia. PT. Sarana Multigriya Finansial (PT. SMF) established by Government based on Perpres No.19 tahun 2005 with the purposes to raise funds on housing. PT. SMF activities cover of lending mid/long term housing loan to Banks who provide housing loan and to manage the program of the asset securitization of housing credit. The need to research the implemantion of the process asset securitization of housing credit program is to analyze the legal standing of Indonesian Security Rights Over Land as the rights to protect of investor legal interest if theres a default and also the obstacles of the implementation process from asset securitization of housing credit program.

Research methods of this study is a normative legal research methods refel to the legal norms which is contained in the legislation tha is descriptive research and the conceptual approach with reference to legal principal found in the legislation and legal doctrin.

The conclusion of this research thats legal standing of Indonesian Security Rights Over Land in credit agreement will not change the privillage rights from the new lender to execute if theres a deault, because of the agreement is accesoir or following the main agreement, also based on the principal of Indonesian Security Rights Over Land, that rights follow the credit object, even already trasfer to the new lender. Therefore if theres a deafult the object of the credit agreement can be execute."

"This paper aims to provider an understanding linking indigenous women, land rights, indigenous forests and the marginalisation of women in agrarian conflicts in Indonesia. For indigenous people, forests are not only a natural resource but they are a integral part of their culture. Rivers and swamps are a source a food and help indigenous women teach their children how to survive in nature. Forests lose their biodiversity overshadowed by monoculture plantations, mining and other agricultural practice. These practice do not only destroy the beauty of forests, but also cause acute environmental pollution and birth defects."