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"An integrated study was conducted on nutrition, physical examination and soil transmitted helminthes (S-TH) in fourpriminary schools in Cibubur, East Jakarta. In this report is shown data on prevalence and intensity of S-TH infections.Very low prevalences were found for Ascaris lumbricoides (0.0 – 1.6 %) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5 – 8.9 %). Alsoegg counts per gram (EPG) were very low. The prevalence and intensity rates were very low possibly due to factorssuch as self-medication, reguler health education and efforts of surrounding factories to improve the health of thecommunity."

"Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a very common presenting complaint in pediatric population. There is still a debate regarding the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as an etiology of RAR Typically the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa of infected individuals is chronic gastritis. Serologic and histologic examination are widely used for the diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the role of H.pylori infection in Indonesian children with RAR The presence of serum IgG antibody to H. pylori and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed on the 101 children with RAR Mztcosal biopsies were obtained for histologic analysis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection indicated by serology was 32.7% and by histology was 27. 7%. Histologic evidence of gastritis was present in 94.1 % children and 45% of them had chronic atrophic and active gastritis. Seventy percent children with H. pylori positive were found abnormal through endoscopy and all of the infected children were revealed abnormal through histological examination. Forty eight percent of seropositive children were found H. pylori positive and 80% of seronegatives children were found to be H pylori negative through histologic examination. Conclusion: H. pylori infection can be a cause of RAP in children. Work up for H. pylori infection should be performed when symptoms are suggestive of organic disease. Larger prospective studies are needed to be perforated for a longer time of period to clarify this issue."

"[Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi merupakan salah satu bidang yang rawan untukterjadinya kontaminasi silang antara pasien-dokter gigi, pasien-pasien dan pasien perawat. Kontrol Infeksi dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi silang. Tujuan: Melihat hubungan Pengetahuan, Perilaku dan Faktor Lingkungan terhadap keberhasilan upaya Kontrol infeksi pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran gigi Univesritas“x” di Jakarta. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional dengan Model penelitian Sequential Explonatory design. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas “X” di Jakarta yang sudah melewatipendidikan profesi selama 2 (dua) semester, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 101 mahasiswa. Hasil: Upaya Kontrol Infeksi pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran gigi universitas “X” di Jakarta masih kurang baik.Ini dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, perilaku dan faktor lingkungan masih kurang baik dan mempunyai p value< 0,05 sehingga mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap upaya kontrol infeksi. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan dan Perilaku dapat ditingkatkan dengan membentuk program yang berisikan promosi kesehatan dalam bentuk poster-poster, standart operasional prosedur berdasarkan standard precautions dan seminar-seminar bagimahasiswa program profesi fakultas kedokteran gigi;Background: Dentistry is one of a science which has a high sensitivity to causedcross-contamination between the patient-dentist, patient-patient and patient-nurse. Infection control may prevent cross-infection. Objective: Knowing the relationship between Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors with successfull of Infection Control by the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas "x" in Jakarta. Methods: The method used is cross sectional with research model Sequential Explonatory Design. The study which has the total sample of 101 students was conducted and involved thestudents of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta, which has passed the professional education for two (2) semesters. Results: Infection Control Efforts conducted by the student of Professional Program Study Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta is not maximal. It was affected by the Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors which not good enough and has a p value <0.05 and therefore has a significant relationship which infection control effort. Conclusion: Knowledge and Behavior can be improved by establishing a program containing health promotion in the form of posters, standard operating procedures based on standard precautions and seminars for the students of Professional Program Study of the faculty of dentistry., Background: Dentistry is one of a science which has a high sensitivity to causedcross-contamination between the patient-dentist, patient-patient and patient-nurse.Infection control may prevent cross-infection. Objective: Knowing therelationship between Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors withsuccessfull of Infection Control by the students of Professional Program Study ofthe Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas "x" in Jakarta. Methods: The method used iscross sectional with research model Sequential Explonatory Design. The studywhich has the total sample of 101 students was conducted and involved thestudents of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, University"X" in Jakarta, which has passed the professional education for two (2) semesters.Results: Infection Control Efforts conducted by the student of ProfessionalProgram Study Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta is not maximal. Itwas affected by the Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors which notgood enough and has a p value <0.05 and therefore has a significant relationshipwhich infection control effort. Conclusion: Knowledge and Behavior can beimproved by establishing a program containing health promotion in the form ofposters, standard operating procedures based on standard precautions andseminars for the students of Professional Program Study of the faculty ofdentistry.]"

"Infeksi parasit usus seperti cacing usus masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia. Infeksi cacing usus digolongkan sebagai neglected tropical diseases dan 800 juta penderita di antaranya adalah anak-anak. Anak panti asuhan tinggal di lingkungan yang padat dan rentan mengalami infeksi cacing usus sehingga diperlukan informasi mengenai sikap dan perilaku pencegahan infeksi cacing usus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik demografi dengan sikap dan perilaku pencegahan infeksi cacing usus anak panti asuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tanggal 10 Juni 2012 di Jakarta Timur dengan menggunakan kuesioner berisikan 13 pertanyaan tentang sikap dan perilaku pencegahan infeksi cacing usus. Data diolah dengan program SPSS for mac versi 20 dan dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney dan Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rerata skor penilaian sikap dan perilaku pencegahan infeksi cacing masing-masing 20,2 dan 29,1. Nilai maksimal dari skor penilaian sikap dan perilaku masing-masing 25 dan 40. Terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, usia dan tingkat pendidikan dengan perilaku (p<0,05), serta jenis kelamin dengan sikap (p<0,05). Disimpulkan sikap anak panti asuhan terhadap pencegahan infeksi cacing usus tergolong baik dan jika akan memberikan edukasi maka perlu memperhatikan usia, tingkat pendidikan dan jenis kelamin.

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Intestinal parasite infection, intestinal helminths for instance, remains a major problem in Indonesia. Intestinal helminths infection is regarded as a neglected tropical diseases and 800 million children are infected globally. Orphanage live in a densely populated place and are susceptible to intestinal helminths infection, thus it is necessary to know attitude and behavior of intestinal helminths infection.

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between Attitude and Behavior of Street Children about Soil Transmitted Helminths Infection Prevention and demographic characteristic. This study used analytic cross sectional design. Data were collected on June 10th 2012 in East Jakarta using a questionnaire consists of 13 questions about attitude and behavior of intestinal helminths infection prevention. The data collected were processed using SPSS for Mac version 20 program and Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Spearman statistic test.

The results showed that attitude and behavior scores are 20,2 and 29,1, respectively. Maximum score of attitude and behavior are 25 and 40, respectively. The results indicated that there is a relationship of gender, age, and education level with behavior (p<0,05), and also gender with attitude (p<0,05). It can be concluded that orphanage children attitude of intestinal helminths infection prevention is good meanwhile the behavior is poor and education methods should consider age, education level and gender."

"Penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama. Episode penyakit batuk pilek pada balita di Indonesia diperkirakan sebesar 3 sampai 6 kali per tahun (rata-rata 4 kali per tahun). Di Kabupaten Madiun penyakit ISPA menjadi urutan pertama penyakit dalam 10 penyakit terbesar di banyak puskesmas. Meskipun jumlah total kasus ISPA di kabupaten Madiun mengalami penurunan, tapi di Puskesmas Simo mengalami peningkatan. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor karakteristik balita, perilaku menutup mulut saat batuk/bersin dan lingkungan fisik rumah dengan kejadian ISPA non pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simo Kabupaten Madiun Tahun 2012. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif desain potong lintang. Jumlah sampel 106 orang diambil secara sampel proposional. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah kai kuadrat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA non Pneumonia pada balita adalah kelembaban, ventilasi, kepadatan hunian, merokok dalam rumah, bahan bakar minyak tanah/kayu dan penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar.

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Acute respiratory infections (ARI) Disease is still a major health problem. Cough and cold episodes of illness in infants in Indonesia is estimated at 3 to 6 times per year (average of 4 times per year). Respiratory illness in Madiun Regency became the first disease in the 10 largest disease in many centers. Although the total number of ARI cases in Madiun Regency has decreased, but at the Simo health center has increased.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of children under five factors, the physical environment of the home, the source of pollution in the home and closing mouth behavior when coughing / sneezing with the incidence of non pneumonia ARI in infants in Simo Health Center, Madiun Regency 2012. This type of research is quantitative with cross-sectional research design. The number of samples taken 106 people in a proportional sample. Statistical test used was the chi square.

Based on these results, factors related to the incidence of non pneumonia ARI in infants is the humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, smoking in the house, gasoline, kerosene / wood and the use of mosquito coils."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Cytomegalovirus (CMV) merupakan salah satu infeksi oportunistikpada pasien dengan sindrom immunodefisiensi (AIDS). Gejala klinis dan CT scantidak dapat menegakkan diagnosa definitif ensefalitis CMV. Oleh karena itudiperlukan uji alternatif untuk menegakkan diagnosis infeksi CMV pada pasien HIVdengan infeksi otak. Salah satu uji yang sensitif dan spesifik adalah Real TimePolymerase Chain Reaction (rPCR).Tujuan : Mendapatkan uji deteksi molekular CMV pada pasien HIV dengantersangka infeksi otak.Metode : Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 tahap. Tahap 1 adalah optimasi konsentrasiprimer, probe, suhu annealing, volume elusi ekstraksi DNA, dan volume cetakan.Tahap 2 adalah uji spesifisitas (reaksi silang) dan uji sensitivitas (ambang batasdeteksi DNA) rPCR dan tahap 3 adalah penerapan uji rPCR yang sudah dioptimasiterhadap sampel plasma, urin, dan LCS.Hasil : Kondisi optimal uji rPCR telah diperoleh dengan konsentrasi primer danprobe 0,1 μM, dengan kondisi suhu reaksi rPCR: aktivasi enzim pada 950C selama 3menit; 45 siklus pada 950C selama 15 detik (denaturasi) dan 560C selama 1 menit(annealing dan ekstensi). Volume elusi ekstraksi DNA yang optimal untuk ketigajenis sampel (LCS, plasma dan urin) adalah 40 μL, dan volume cetakan rPCR untukLCS, plasma, dan urin, masing-masing adalah 5, 4, dan 3 μL. Uji rPCR mampumendeteksi DNA pada 50.000 jumlah kopi/mL dan tidak bereaksi silang denganStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Candida spp, Toxoplasma gondii, EBV,HSV,dan VZV. Penerapan ujirPCR pada sampel klinis memberikan hasil negatif pada semua sampel LCS, 72,22%positif pada sampel plasma, dan 72,22% positif pada sampel urin.Kesimpulan: Telah dilakukan optimasi uji rPCR dengan minimal deteksi DNACMV 50.000 jumlah kopi/mL dan tidak bereaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme yangberpotensi menyebabkan positif palsu (false positive).ABSTRACT Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of opportunistic infections in patientswith Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Clinical manifestations are nottypical, and CT scans can not define encephalitis CMV specifically. Therefore, it isimportant to apply an alternative assay for sensitive and specific detection of CMVinfection in HIV patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections.One of the assays is real time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR).Objective: To obtain a molecular assay for detection of CMV in HIV patients withsuspect CNS infections.Methods: This study was conducted in three phases. The first is optimization ofconcentrations of primers, probe, annealing temperature, final elution of DNAextraction, and volume of PCR template. The second is determinations of sensitivity(minimal detection of DNA) and specificity (cross-reaction) of the optimized rPCR,and the third is application of the rPCR for clinical samples of plasma, urine, andliquor cerebrospinal (LCS).Results: The rPCR reaction showed optimal concentrations of primers and probe at0.1 μM, with thermal cycler: 950C for 3 min (enzyme activation), followed by 45cycles of 950C for 15 sec (denaturation) and 560C for 1 min (annealing andextension). Final elution of DNA extraction was 40 μL and volume of PCR templatesfor urine, plasma, and LCS was 3, 4, and 5 μL, respectively. The rPCR had minimaldetection of DNA at 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted withStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Candida spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV), HerpesSimplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Application of rPCR forclinical samples showed that the rPCR yielded 72.22% positive for plasma or urine,and negative for all LCS samples.Conclusion: The rPCR has been optimized in this study with minimal DNA detectionat 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted with other microorganisms that arepotential to cause false positive results.;Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of opportunistic infections in patientswith Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Clinical manifestations are nottypical, and CT scans can not define encephalitis CMV specifically. Therefore, it isimportant to apply an alternative assay for sensitive and specific detection of CMVinfection in HIV patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections.One of the assays is real time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR).Objective: To obtain a molecular assay for detection of CMV in HIV patients withsuspect CNS infections.Methods: This study was conducted in three phases. The first is optimization ofconcentrations of primers, probe, annealing temperature, final elution of DNAextraction, and volume of PCR template. The second is determinations of sensitivity(minimal detection of DNA) and specificity (cross-reaction) of the optimized rPCR,and the third is application of the rPCR for clinical samples of plasma, urine, andliquor cerebrospinal (LCS).Results: The rPCR reaction showed optimal concentrations of primers and probe at0.1 μM, with thermal cycler: 950C for 3 min (enzyme activation), followed by 45cycles of 950C for 15 sec (denaturation) and 560C for 1 min (annealing andextension). Final elution of DNA extraction was 40 μL and volume of PCR templatesfor urine, plasma, and LCS was 3, 4, and 5 μL, respectively. The rPCR had minimaldetection of DNA at 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted withStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Candida spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV), HerpesSimplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Application of rPCR forclinical samples showed that the rPCR yielded 72.22% positive for plasma or urine,and negative for all LCS samples.Conclusion: The rPCR has been optimized in this study with minimal DNA detectionat 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted with other microorganisms that arepotential to cause false positive results.;Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of opportunistic infections in patientswith Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Clinical manifestations are nottypical, and CT scans can not define encephalitis CMV specifically. Therefore, it isimportant to apply an alternative assay for sensitive and specific detection of CMVinfection in HIV patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections.One of the assays is real time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR).Objective: To obtain a molecular assay for detection of CMV in HIV patients withsuspect CNS infections.Methods: This study was conducted in three phases. The first is optimization ofconcentrations of primers, probe, annealing temperature, final elution of DNAextraction, and volume of PCR template. The second is determinations of sensitivity(minimal detection of DNA) and specificity (cross-reaction) of the optimized rPCR,and the third is application of the rPCR for clinical samples of plasma, urine, andliquor cerebrospinal (LCS).Results: The rPCR reaction showed optimal concentrations of primers and probe at0.1 μM, with thermal cycler: 950C for 3 min (enzyme activation), followed by 45cycles of 950C for 15 sec (denaturation) and 560C for 1 min (annealing andextension). Final elution of DNA extraction was 40 μL and volume of PCR templatesfor urine, plasma, and LCS was 3, 4, and 5 μL, respectively. The rPCR had minimaldetection of DNA at 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted withStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Candida spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV), HerpesSimplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Application of rPCR forclinical samples showed that the rPCR yielded 72.22% positive for plasma or urine,and negative for all LCS samples.Conclusion: The rPCR has been optimized in this study with minimal DNA detectionat 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted with other microorganisms that arepotential to cause false positive results.;Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of opportunistic infections in patientswith Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Clinical manifestations are nottypical, and CT scans can not define encephalitis CMV specifically. Therefore, it isimportant to apply an alternative assay for sensitive and specific detection of CMVinfection in HIV patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections.One of the assays is real time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR).Objective: To obtain a molecular assay for detection of CMV in HIV patients withsuspect CNS infections.Methods: This study was conducted in three phases. The first is optimization ofconcentrations of primers, probe, annealing temperature, final elution of DNAextraction, and volume of PCR template. The second is determinations of sensitivity(minimal detection of DNA) and specificity (cross-reaction) of the optimized rPCR,and the third is application of the rPCR for clinical samples of plasma, urine, andliquor cerebrospinal (LCS).Results: The rPCR reaction showed optimal concentrations of primers and probe at0.1 μM, with thermal cycler: 950C for 3 min (enzyme activation), followed by 45cycles of 950C for 15 sec (denaturation) and 560C for 1 min (annealing andextension). Final elution of DNA extraction was 40 μL and volume of PCR templatesfor urine, plasma, and LCS was 3, 4, and 5 μL, respectively. The rPCR had minimaldetection of DNA at 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted withStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, Candida spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV), HerpesSimplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Application of rPCR forclinical samples showed that the rPCR yielded 72.22% positive for plasma or urine,and negative for all LCS samples.Conclusion: The rPCR has been optimized in this study with minimal DNA detectionat 50,000 copies/mL and was not cross-reacted with other microorganisms that arepotential to cause false positive results."

"ABSTRACTTitle: This study was aimed to assess the house hold mothers sanitation ( source ofdrinking water) and hygiene factors (Time of hand washing with soap) and it?sassociation to ascariasis of their under five years old children in the district of SikkaNusa Tenggara West Timor (NTT) province. Stool samples were collected from 640children from Sikka district. The prevalence of Intestinal ascaris infection was 12.50% in this study. According to the education mother?s only 2.3% of mothers havehigh education,while in a huge percentage 66.56% of mothers have low level ofeducation. 32.20% of mother have some kind of activities to earn the money. Highetpercentage of children are related in the age group between 1-3 years, but only0.13% of children have relationship to the group of under one years . According tothe nutritional status of children almost half percent of children were under nutrition.By source of drinking water the highest percentage 76.56% of house hold mothersuse safe drinking water. According to the activities of hand washing with soap mostof house hold mother do not have this habit. While hand washing with soap aftercleaning the child defecation is a donminent variable in this study (Protective) with(OR 0.40 CI 95% 0,24 ? 0,65). While in this study we do not find any significantdifference of the independent variables to dependent variabe of ascariasis."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Sejak dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1981 di AmerikaSerikat, penyebaran Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) di seluruhdunia termasuk Indonesia terjadi dengan pesat. Saluran pencernaan merupakantarget utama infeksi HIV. Enteropati terjadi pada 15-70% kasus anak. Enteropatidapat terjadi walaupun tanpa gejala gastrointestinal. Kondisi enteropati dapatmenimbulkan perburukan gejala gastrointestinal, kegagalan pertumbuhan danmenyebabkan pasien mengarah pada wasting. Enteropati dideteksi denganpemeriksaan alpha 1 antitripsin.Tujuan: (1) Mengetahui proporsi enteropati yang terjadi pada anak denganAIDS stadium lanjut tanpa gejala gastrointestinal. (2) Mengetahui karakteristikenteropati yang terjadi pada anak dengan AIDS stadium lanjut tanpa gejalagastrointestinal. (3) Mengetahui hubungan antara enteropati dengan usia, statusgizi, status imunodefisiensi, jenis dan lama terapi ARV serta lama sakit anakdengan AIDS stadium lanjut tanpa gejala gastrointestinal. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang deskriptif dan analitik yang dilakukan diPoliklinik Alergi Imunologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI- RSCMantara bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2015 terhadap anak denganAIDS stadium lanjut berusia 0 - 18 tahun tanpa gejala gastrointestinal. Faktorrisiko dianalisis bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil: Total subjek penelitian berjumlah 70 subjek (35 lelaki dan 35 perempuan).Enteropati terjadi pada 31 subjek. Enteropati lebih banyak ditemukan pada anakperempuan, usia >60 bulan, mengalami malnutrisi, tidak ada imunodefisiensi, obatantiretroviral lini kedua dan ketiga, lama pengobatan 0-59 bulan dan lama sakit 059bulan. Pada analisis bivariat tidak didapatkan faktor risiko yang bermakna.Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan lama sakit 0-59 bulan dengan nilai OR 3,451(IK95% 1,026-11,610) merupakan faktor risiko yang berperan dalam terjadinyaenteropati pada anak dengan AIDS stadium lanjut tanpa gejala gastrointestinal. Simpulan : Proporsi enteropati pada anak dengan AIDS stadium lanjut tanpagejala gastrointestinal sebanyak 31 dari 70 subjek. Faktor risiko yang berperanadalah lama sakit 0-59 bulan. ABSTRACT Background: HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic. Digestive tract is a major target forHIV infection. The digestive-absorptive functions are impaired, occurring in 1570%ofchildren.Enteropathycontributestogastrointestinalmanifestation,growthfailureand further immune derangement, leading to wasting. The diagnosticapproach includes alpha 1 antitrypsin fecal level. Objective: (1) to describe frequency of enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDSchildren without gastrointestinal manifestation, (2) to describe characteristic ofchildren with advanced stages of AIDS without gastrointestinal manifestationwho develop enteropathy, (3) to investigate the role of age, nutritional status,immunodeficiency status, type and duration of antiretroviral therapy, and durationof illness as risk for enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDS children withoutgastrointestinal manifestation. Methods: A descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Outpatient Clinic RSCM between August toNovember 2015. The inclusion criteria was advanced stages of AIDS childrenage 0-18 years old without gastrointestinal manifestation. Risk factors wereanalyzed with bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Seventy children fulfilled the study criteria (35 males and 35 females).Thirty-one subjects were diagnosed as enteropathy. Most subjects are female, age>60 month-old, malnutritional status, no immunodeficiency, received second andthird line antiretroviral regimen with duration 0-59 months and duration ofillness 0-59 months. Bivariate analysis showed that no factor was significantly associated with enteropathy. Based on multivariate analysis, duration of illness0-59 months is a significant risk factor with OR 3.451 (CI 1.026-11.610). Conclusions: The proportion enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDS childrenwithout gastrointestinal manifestation is 31/70. Patients who had been diagnosedas advanced stage of HIV/AIDS for 0-59 months are more likely to developenteropathy.;Background: HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic. Digestive tract is a major target forHIV infection. The digestive-absorptive functions are impaired, occurring in 1570%ofchildren.Enteropathycontributestogastrointestinalmanifestation,growthfailureand further immune derangement, leading to wasting. The diagnosticapproach includes alpha 1 antitrypsin fecal level. Objective: (1) to describe frequency of enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDSchildren without gastrointestinal manifestation, (2) to describe characteristic ofchildren with advanced stages of AIDS without gastrointestinal manifestationwho develop enteropathy, (3) to investigate the role of age, nutritional status,immunodeficiency status, type and duration of antiretroviral therapy, and durationof illness as risk for enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDS children withoutgastrointestinal manifestation. Methods: A descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Outpatient Clinic RSCM between August toNovember 2015. The inclusion criteria was advanced stages of AIDS childrenage 0-18 years old without gastrointestinal manifestation. Risk factors wereanalyzed with bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Seventy children fulfilled the study criteria (35 males and 35 females).Thirty-one subjects were diagnosed as enteropathy. Most subjects are female, age>60 month-old, malnutritional status, no immunodeficiency, received second andthird line antiretroviral regimen with duration 0-59 months and duration ofillness 0-59 months. Bivariate analysis showed that no factor was significantly associated with enteropathy. Based on multivariate analysis, duration of illness0-59 months is a significant risk factor with OR 3.451 (CI 1.026-11.610). Conclusions: The proportion enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDS childrenwithout gastrointestinal manifestation is 31/70. Patients who had been diagnosedas advanced stage of HIV/AIDS for 0-59 months are more likely to developenteropathy.;Background: HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic. Digestive tract is a major target forHIV infection. The digestive-absorptive functions are impaired, occurring in 1570%ofchildren.Enteropathycontributestogastrointestinalmanifestation,growthfailureand further immune derangement, leading to wasting. The diagnosticapproach includes alpha 1 antitrypsin fecal level. Objective: (1) to describe frequency of enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDSchildren without gastrointestinal manifestation, (2) to describe characteristic ofchildren with advanced stages of AIDS without gastrointestinal manifestationwho develop enteropathy, (3) to investigate the role of age, nutritional status,immunodeficiency status, type and duration of antiretroviral therapy, and durationof illness as risk for enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDS children withoutgastrointestinal manifestation. Methods: A descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Outpatient Clinic RSCM between August toNovember 2015. The inclusion criteria was advanced stages of AIDS childrenage 0-18 years old without gastrointestinal manifestation. Risk factors wereanalyzed with bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Seventy children fulfilled the study criteria (35 males and 35 females).Thirty-one subjects were diagnosed as enteropathy. Most subjects are female, age>60 month-old, malnutritional status, no immunodeficiency, received second andthird line antiretroviral regimen with duration 0-59 months and duration ofillness 0-59 months. Bivariate analysis showed that no factor was significantly associated with enteropathy. Based on multivariate analysis, duration of illness0-59 months is a significant risk factor with OR 3.451 (CI 1.026-11.610). Conclusions: The proportion enteropathy in advanced stages of AIDS childrenwithout gastrointestinal manifestation is 31/70. Patients who had been diagnosedas advanced stage of HIV/AIDS for 0-59 months are more likely to developenteropathy."

"Infeksi yang berhubungan dengan perawatan kesehatan atau infeksi yang diperoleh dalam perawatan kesehatan adalah efek samping yang paling umum dalam penyediaan layanan kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Rumah sakit bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan bagi keselamatan pasien, masyarakat, lingkungan rumah sakit dan sumber daya manusia di rumah sakit dan meningkatkan kualitas dan mempertahankan standar layanan rumah sakit. Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) adalah upaya untuk memastikan perlindungan setiap orang dari kemungkinan tertular infeksi dari sumber- sumber publik dan saat menerima layanan kesehatan di berbagai fasilitas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi program pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam terstruktur, telaah dokumen serta observasi dengan memakai lembaran observasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sumber Daya Manusia masih kurang, sarana dan prasarana belum berkesinambungan dibeberapa unit layanan, kepatuhan kebersihan tangan di kalangan peserta didik masih rendah, laporan mengenai infeksi daerah operasi masih belum optimal dan pencatatan serta pelaporan kegiatan program PPI belum disampaikan ke Kementerian Kesehatan.Implementasi program PPI di rumah sakit membutuhkan dukungan SDM, sarana prasarana yang berkesinambungan terutama untuk sarana prasarana kebersihan tangan, edukasi yang intens terhadap peserta didik dan karyawan rumah sakit akan kepatuhan kebersihan tangan dan sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan kegiatan PPI sesuai aturan yang ada.

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Infections related to healthcare or infections acquired in healthcare are the most common side effects in the provision of health services worldwide. The hospital aims to provide protection for the safety of patients, the community, the hospital environment and human resources in hospitals and improve the quality and maintain standards of hospital services. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is an effort to ensure the protection of everyone from the possibility of contracting infection from public sources and when receiving health services in various health facilities.The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of infection prevention and control in RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta. The research design is qualitative using in-depth structured interview method, document review and observation using observation sheets. The results showed that human resources were still lacking, facilities and infrastructure had not been sustainable in some service units, compliance with hand hygiene among students was still low, reports of infection in operating areas were still not optimal and recording and reporting of PPI activities had not been submitted to the Ministry of Health. The implementation of PPI in hospitals requires the support of human resources, sustainable infrastructure, especially for hand hygiene infrastructure, intense education for students and hospital employees for compliance with hand hygiene and a system for recording and reporting PPI activities according to existing regulations."