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"Text is intended to assist practitioners in the day-to-day process of nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing. Addresses important questions, such as what furnace should be used, how should the process be controlled, how should the steel be prepared, and how should the steel be handled after nitriding? DLC: Nitriding."

"Pada penelitian ini diamati hasil proses plasma nitriding dan plasma nitrocarburizing pada Baja SKD61 . Dilakukan pre-treatment sebelum dilakukan plasma. Nilai kekerasan optimum yang didapatkan setelah proses pre-treatment sebesar  504 HV. Kekerasan optimum yang didapat pada sampel plasma nitriding yaitu sebesar 603 HV yang dicapai pada temperatur 400^oC dan 500^oC selama 4 jam. Pada plasma nitrocarburizing kekerasan optimum yang didapat yaitu 830 HV dengan temperatur 500^oC selama 4 jam. Hasil ketahanan aus atau specific wear optimum pada sampel plasma nitriding sebesar 0.19 x10^-6mm²/kg yang dicapai pada temperatur 400^oC dan 500^oC selama 4 jam. Pada plasma nitrocarburizing ketahanan aus sebesar 0.11 x10^-6mm²/kg dengan temperatur 400^oC selama 4 jam dan 0.08 x10^-6mm²/kg yang dicapai pada temperatur 500^oC selama 4 jam. Hasil pengujian XRD menunjukan fasa yang terbentuk pada compound layer hasil plasma nitriding yaitu fasa iron nitride berupa FeNx, e-Fe_2-3N dan g’-Fe₄N. Sedangkan fasa yang terbentuk pada compound layer hasil plasma nitrocarburizing yaitu fasa iron nitrid dan juga fasa iron carbonitride FeN, FeN_x, e-Fe_2-3N atau e-Fe_2-3 (N,C) dan Fe₃C. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa plasma nitriding dan plasma nitrocarbuzing berhasil meningkatkan sifat mekanik berupa kekerasan dan ketahanan aus pada baja SKD61.

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This study observed the results of plasma nitriding and plasma nitrocarburizing processes on SKD61 Steel. Pre-treatment was carried out before plasma was performed. The optimum hardness value obtained after the pre-treatment process was 504 HV. The optimum hardness obtained in the plasma nitriding sample is 603 HV with  temperatures of 400^oC and 500^oC for 4 hours. In plasma nitrocarburizing, the optimum hardness obtained is 830 HV at a temperature of 500oC for 4 hours. The optimum wear resistance or specific wear results on plasma nitriding samples are 0.19 x10^-6mm²/kg with temperatures of 400^oC and 500^oC for 4 hours. In plasma nitrocarburizing, the wear resistance is 0.11 x10^-6mm²/kg with temperatures of 400^oC for 4 hours and 0.08 x10^-6mm²/kg with temperature of 500^oC for 4 hours. XRD test results show that the phase formed in the plasma nitriding compound layer is the iron nitride phase in the form of FeNx, e-Fe_2-3N, and g'-Fe4N. Meanwhile, the phases formed in the compound layer resulting from plasma nitrocarburizing are iron nitride, iron carbonitride FeN, FeNx, e-Fe_2-3N, or e-Fe_2-3(N,C) and Fe₃C . The results of the above research on plasma nitriding and plasma nitrocarburizing have improved the mechanical properties of hardness and wear resistance of SKD61 steel."

"Microstructural identification of synthesized steel with significant local content has been carried out. Alloy ingot was prepared using a casting technique. The samples were then formed into bulk steel by a machining process. A high resolution powder neutron diffractometer (HRPD) was used as an equipment for characterization. By applying neutron diffraction techniques, a ferritic steel profile can be resulted in as well as ‘minor peaks’ belong to impurities formed in the sample. These impurities can be identified as small amounts of Al2O3 54SiO2, Al4C3, SiC and Cr23C6. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed and revealed neutron identified phase distributions. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) least square curves calibration can precisely calculate the dhkl parameters of each reflection plane. As a comparison, another sample of alloy ingot was also investigated using neutron diffraction. The pattern was free from crystal impurities. Rietveld refinements provide satisfactory goodness of fits Rwp = 10.42% and reliability factor S = 1.7. This was so-called a ‘real bulky’ sample of a 73Fe24Cr2Si0.8Mn0.1Ni ferritic steel alloy."

"Karakterisasi soldering pada die casting mengharuskan cetakan memiliki ketahanan erosi dan juga bebas dari kegetasan white layer pada nitriding. Penggabungan Shot peening dan nitriding adalah proses perlakuan pada permukaan yang biasa digunakan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan untuk komponen struktural maupun mekanis Pada penelitian ini material H13 pebanding yaitu H13 Premium dan H13 Superior yang masing masing dilakukan 5 variasi proses perlakuan permukaan dan 2 variasi waktu tahan pada proses nitriding kemudian dicelup ke dalam lelehan alumunium ADC12 pada temperatur 680°C dan di tahan selama 30 detik, 5 menit, dan 30 menit. Karakterisasi permukaan baja difokuskan pada struktur mikro, distribusi kekerasan, komposisi kimia, kekasaran permukaan, dan kehilangan berat dari baja perkakas H13. Hasilya didapat H13 modifikasi menunjukkan kekerasan hingga 1416 HV serta selisih ketebalan lapisan compound dan broken layer pada soldering yaitu 13.35 μm dan 73.14 μm dibandingkan dengan shot peening saja. Pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi shot peening sebelum dan sesudah nitriding menghasilkan ketahanan soldering yang lebih baik.

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Soldering characteristic on die casting makes it's should be has high wearability erotion and also realeased from white layer embrittlement on nitriding process. Both of shot peening and nitriding are kind of process which can increasing surface strength characterization in structural or mechanical components and also as an effective way to prevent soldering. In this case research, H13 tool steel will be compared with supreme and superior which each part of materal has 5 combination surface treatment and 2 kind of holding time of nitriding. Then dipped into the molten of ADC12 Alumnium at temperature 680°C and held for 30 second, 5 minutes and 30 minutes.

Characterizations on the surface of the steel were focused on the microstructure, microhardness profile, chemical composition, surface roughness, and weight loss of the H13 tool steel. Result found that H13 modification show hardness until 1416 HV and diffence thickness compound and broken layer on soldering 13.35 μm and 73.14 μm compare with only shot peening treatment. This research result showed that best resistance to soldering create from combination shot peening before and after nitriding."

"In this study, H13 tool steel and Cr-Mo-V steel were treated by two different types of surface treatments, i.e. double shot peening with nitriding and single shot peening. Samples were dipped into the molten aluminum alloy ADC12 as a simulation of the die casting process and held there for 0.5, 5, and 30 minutes. Several characteristics were analyzed, including surface hardness, microstructure observation, and identification of elements on the intermetallic layer formed. The results of the research showed that H13 steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding had higher surface hardness (1402 VHN) than when treated by shot peening only (536 VHN). A similar tendency emerged with the Cr-Mo-V steel, which had 1402 VHN and 503 VHN after treatment with double shot peening with nitriding and the single shot peening process. In addition, with a dipping time of 30 minutes, the H13 steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding produced a lower average thickness of the compact intermetallic layer. Moreover, double shot peening did not form a broken intermetallic layer, while single shot peening formed one (91.66 µm). Likewise, the Cr-Mo-V steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding produced a thinner compact intermetallic layer than single shot peening, 22.2 µm vs. 27.77 µm, as well as a lower average thickness of the broken intermetallic layer, 40.2 µm vs. 113 µm. This indicates that material treated by double shot peening with nitriding could minimize the occurrence of die soldering."

"Studi mengenai perubahan mikrostruktur pada butir ferit dan pengaruhnya terhadap ketahanan korosi pada baja karbon rendah telah dilakukan. Thermomechanical processing (TMP) merupakan sebuah subjek baru dalam ilmu rekayasa material yang mengkombinasikan perlakuan dan temperatur proses terhadap material dengan tujuan mendapatkan material berkualitas tinggi. Dengan memberikan perlakuan canai pada temperatur hangat, akan terbentuk struktur butir ferit yang halus, yang membuat sifat mekanik meningkat, laju korosi menurun, dan kemampuan mengabsorbsi hidrogen juga ikut menurun. Uji polarisasi dan uji HIC dilakukan untuk mengukur laju korosi dan ketahanan penggetasan oleh hidrogen pada bagian spesimen yang searah dan tegak lurus dengan arah canai, dimana spesimen yang dilakukan pengujian adalah baja karbon rendah SS 400 tanpa deformasi dan dengan deformasi canai hangat. Besar deformasi reversible yang diberikan adalah 20%, 20% +20%, 20% +20% +20% and 20% +20% +20% +20% dengan ketebalan awal adalah ho 6 mm. Sebuah mekanisme baru dalam metode canai multi pass reversible juga dilakukan yang disebut metode canai double-side multi pass reversible. Dengan menggunakan metode canai double-side multi pass reversible, diharapkan butir ferit halus yang terbentuk akan terdistribusi seragam diseluruh bagian permukaan.

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Microstuctural changes of ferrite grains and its relationship with corrosion resistance in low carbon steel were investigated. Thermomechanical processing (TMP) is a new subject in material engineering which is combining treatment and temperature process to material in order to obtain high quality materials. By applying rolling deformation process in warm working temperature, low carbon steel will have fine ferrite grain structures made its mechanical properties increased, its corrosion rate decreased and also its ability to absorb hydrogen decreased.

Polarization test and HIC test were conducted to measure the corrosion rate and hydrogen embrittlement resistance on both parallel and perpendicular specimen to rolling direction (RD) orientation of as-received and plastic-strained warm rolling material as raw material of SS400 low carbon steel. The applied mechanisms of pass deformation are reversible which are 20%, 20% +20%, 20% +20% +20% and 20% +20% +20% +20% with initial thickness ho 6 mm. A new mechanism of multi pass rolling methods was also proposed which is double-side multi pass reversible. By applying double-side multi pass reversible, it is expected that fine ferrite grains will be distributed uniformly in all surface points."