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"ABSTRACTThe tendency to use the BllateralInvestment Treaty (BITS) by investorsas a legal bas1s to flle an 1nternat1onalarbitration claim against the Host Countryis increasing recently. Denunciations ofthe Internatlonal Center for Settlementof Investment Disputes (ICSID) as Wellas the termination of several BITS bysome other countries reuse complex legalISSUES in the international investmentregime. Since Indonesia has been and stillexperiencing legal suits before the ICSIDinternational arbitrat1on the discourseto take the similar path i.e to denouncefrom ICSID Convention and terminate some of its BITS 1.9 emerging. This paperdiscusses the questions that arise Withrespect to the denunciation of the ICSIDConvention and With the termination ofBITS The denunciation 1s st1ll debatablesince there are different interpretationsas to whether the denouncing stateremains bound by the Conventionand the existence of survival clauseIII BIT creates the possibility for aninvestor to flle a claim before the ICSIDinnternational arbitration even though Ithas terminated the BIT"

"The tendency to use the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BITs) by investors as a legal basis to file an international arbitra hon claim against the HostCountry is increasing recently Denunciations of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) as well as the termination of several BITs by some other countries raise complex legal issues in the international investment regime. Since Indonesia has been and still experiencing legal suits before the ICSID international arbitration, the discourse t6 take the similar path, Le. to denounce from ICSID Convention and terminate some of i'ts BITs, is emerging. This paper discusses the questions tha t arise with respect to the denunciation of the ICSID Convention and with the termination of· BITs. The denunciation is still debatable since there are differen t in terpreta tions as to whether the denouncing state remains bound by the Convention; and the existence of "survival clause" in BIT creates the possibility for an investor to file a claim before the ICSID international arbitration, even though it has terminated the BIT.;"

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai klausula ekspropriasi yang ada dalam perjanjian-perjanjian penanaman modal internasional kontemporer. Pengaturan mengenai ekspropriasi masih kurang dikenal dalam sistem hukum Indonesia dan sistem hukum penanaman modal secara khususnya. Padahal ekspropriasi merupakan isu aktual dalam penanaman modal dan memiliki keterkaitan dengan permasalahan kedaulatan negara dan hak-hak dasar lainnya. Berangkat dari latar belakang demikian, maka yang menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam skripsi ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana konsep ekspropriasi yang berlaku menurut AANZFTA dan bagaimana perbandingan antara klausula ekspropriasi yang terdapat dalam perjanjian tersebut dibandingkan dengan klausula serupa dalam perjanjian lainnya. Permasalahan tersebut dibahas menggunakan metode penelitian yuridisnormatif. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa ekspropriasi merupakan tindakan yang sah untuk ditempuh negara sepanjang ia dilaksanakan sesuai dengan aturan. Perbandingan yang dilakukan juga menunjukkan bahwa diantara perjanjianperjanjian internasional mengenai penanaman modal di wilayah ASEAN, terdapat upaya pembentukan sistem hukum penanaman modal regional dengan menggunakan sarana perjanjian penanaman modal internasional yang cenderung seragam.

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This thesis is an analysis on expropriation clauses in ASEAN’s contemporary international investment agreements. Expropriation is a new, but actually familiar concept in Indonesian legal system. Whereas, expropriation is currently becoming an actual issues in international investment regime, because of it’s relation to many difficult aspect such as state sovereignty and economic rights. In reference with those issues, this thesis explore the expropriation clauses in AANZFTA and similar agreement. This thesis also do a comparative study over those aforementioned expropriation clauses. The problems are researched with juridical-normative legal research methods, and conclude that basically expropriation is legal as long as it is done in accordance with certain contemporary international investment regime’s regulations. As for it, with the comparative studies, it is also discovered that there is an effort by ASEAN member countries to form a Lex Mercatoria on international investment regulation by utilizing various international investment agreement, include regional investment/free trade agreement and Bilateral Investment Treaties."

"ABSTRACTInternational Center for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) merupakan forumpenyelesaian sengketa investasi antara investor asing dengan negara penerimainvestasi (host state). Lembaga ini didirikan atas prakarsa dari International Bank forReconstruction and Development (IBRD) pada tanggal 18 Maret 1965 denganmembentuk Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States andNationals of Other States (Konvensi ICSID). Pada perkembanganya, prosespenyelesaian sengketa di ICSID menuai banyak kritik terutama dari negara-negaraberkembang. Kritik tersebut meliputi permasalahan arbiter yang dapat memiliki peranganda sehingga menimbulkan isu konflik kepentingan, permasalahan tidak adanyabatasan waktu sehingga mengakibatkan durasi waktu yang lama, permasalahan biayayang mahal untuk biaya penasihat hukum, biaya prosedural (legal cost) dan biayainsidentil lainya, dan implikasi adanya mekanisme pembatalan yang menyebabkantimbulnya isu kepastian hukum pada putusan. Permasalahan-permasalahan tersebutmerupakan permasalahan yang menjadi isu bagi negara berkembang termasukIndonesia. Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia terkait peninjauan Bilateral InvestmentTreaties (BIT) merupakan momentum yang tepat untuk mengkaji ulang keanggotaanIndonesia di ICSID, terkait Indonesia harus melakukan penarikan diri dari ICSIDataukah Indonesia harus tetap menjadi anggota ICSID dengan melakukan tindakantindakanyang sesuai.

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ABSTRACTInternational Center for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) is an investmentdispute resolution forum between foreign investors and host state. ICSID wasestablished by initiative of the International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment (IBRD) on March 18, 1965 to form the Convention on the Settlementof Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSIDConvention). In its development, the process of dispute resolution in the ICSID gets alot of criticism, especially from developing countries. The criticisms include concernsthat the arbitrator may have a dual role which rise an issue of conflict of interest; nolimitation time which is stipulated in ICSID Convention resulting in long duration oftime; cost problems including cost of legal counsel, procedural costs (legal costs) andother expenses incidental cost; and implications of annulment mechanism that causesthe issue of legal certainty in the decision. These problems have become an issue fordeveloping countries, including Indonesia. Indonesian government's policy to reviewthe Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT) is an appropriate moment to reviewIndonesia's membership in ICSID: either Indonesia must withdraw from ICSID orIndonesia should remain its membership by performing the appropriate actions."

"Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) merupakan salah satu bentuk perjanjian internasional dibidang ekonomi yang mana didalamnya memuat pengaturan penanaman modal (investment chapter) yang digunakan oleh berbagai negara di dunia dalam mengatur penanaman modal asing, termasuk Indonesia. Adapun masalah yang akan dibahas antara lain bagaimana pengaturan penanaman modal dalam investment chapter CEPA Indonesia-Australia dan CEPA Indonesia-EU dengan menggunakan FTA EU-Singapura dan Model BIT India sebagai pembanding, dan kemudian berdasarkan perbandingan tersebut manakah pengaturan yang sebaiknya dimuat dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut digunakan pendekatan komparatif dan konseptual. Pendekatan komparatif digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaturan penanaman modal yang ada dalam investment chapter CEPA Indonesia-Australia, FTA EU-Singapura, dan Model BIT India untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai pengaturan yang sebaiknya diatur dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU. Pendekatan konseptual digunakan untuk melihat substantial obligations yang terdapat dalam perjanjian investasi internasional tersebut sebagai faktor pembanding yang meliputi standard of treatment (yang terdiri dari national treatment, most favoured nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, serta full protection and security, performance requirements, expropriation, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan dari masing-masing perjanjian investasi internasional yang ada, dan berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan yang ada Model BIT India merupakan perjanjian yang paling ideal untuk diadopsi Indonesia dalam CEPA Indonesia-EU.

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Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) is a form of international agreement in the field of economics which contained investment chapter used by various countries in the world in regulating foreign investment, including Indonesia. The problems that will be discussed within this paper include how foreign investments are regulated in the investment chapter on CEPA Indonesia-Australia and the CEPA Indonesia-EU using the FTA EU-Singapore and Model BIT India as a comparison, and then based on these comparisons which provision should be included in the CEPA Indonesian-EU. To answer this problem, a comparative and conceptual approach is used. A comparative approach is used to see how the investment provision exist in the investment chapter of the CEPA Indonesia-Australia, the EU-Singapore FTA, and the Indian BIT Model to provide an overview of the provisions that should be regulated in the Indonesia-EU CEPA. The conceptual approach is used to view the substantial obligations contained in the international investment agreement as a comparison factor in which includes the standard of treatment (which consists of national treatment, most favorite nation treatment, fair and equitable treatment, and full protection and security), performance requirements, expropriation, and dispute resolution. The conclusion of the research conducted is that there are similarities and differences from each of the existing international investment agreements, and based on the similarities and differences that exist, the Model BIT India is the most ideal agreement to be adopted by Indonesia in the CEPA Indonesia-EU."

"Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara spillover R&D Internasional dari kanal perdagangan dan penanaman modal asing terhadap produktivitas (TFP) berdasarkan teori pertumbuhan endogen di Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) dalam periode 1996-2010. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa spillover R&D internasional dari kanal perdagangan dan penanaman modal asing merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan TFP. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perdagangan internasional (ekspor dan impor) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas di ASEAN. Selain itu, Human Development Index (HDI) juga siginifikan dalam mempengaruhi produktivitas di ASEAN.

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This research attempts to explain the relationship between international R&D spillover from trade channels and foreign direct investment on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) based on the endogenous growth theory in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the period 1996-2010. The study found that international R&D spillover from trade channels and foreign direct investment are significant factors in increasing TFP. The research also discovered that international trade (exports and imports) has a significant impact on productivity in ASEAN. Additionally, the Human Development Index (HDI) also plays a significant role in influencing productivity in ASEAN."